Present Perfect Continuous Tense
(वर्तमान पूर्ण निरन्तर काल)
Definition
The present perfect continuous tense is used
to talk about an action that started in the
past and is still continuing, or has
just stopped but its effect is visible now.
Nepali:
Present Perfect Continuous Tense प्रयोग गरिन्छ जब कुनै काम भूतकालमा सुरु भएर अहिले पनि जारी छ, वा भर्खरै रोकिए पनि यसको असर अहिले देखिन्छ।
Structure
Affirmative (Positive)
Subject + has / have + been + V-ing
·
I / We / You /
They have been + V-ing
·
He / She / It has been + V-ing
Example:
·
I have been studying English.
→ म अंग्रेजी पढ्दै आएको छु।
Negative
Subject + has / have + not + been + V-ing
·
She has not been working today.
→ ऊ आज काम गर्दै आएकी छैन।
Interrogative (Question)
Has / Have + subject + been + V-ing ?
·
Have
you been waiting long?
→ के तिमी धेरै बेरदेखि कुर्दै आएका छौ?
Wh-Question
Wh-word + has / have + subject + been + V-ing ?
·
How long have you been living here?
→ तिमी कति समयदेखि यहाँ बस्दै आएका छौ?
Common Time Adverbs
|
Time Expression |
Nepali Meaning |
|
For |
समयदेखि |
|
Since |
देखि |
|
All day |
दिनभरि |
|
All
morning |
बिहानभरि |
|
All night |
रातभरि |
|
Recently |
हालसालै |
|
Lately |
पछिल्लो समयदेखि |
|
How long |
कति समयदेखि |
|
So far |
अहिलेसम्म |
Uses with Examples
1Action
started in the past and still continuing
·
I have been working here for five years.
→ म यहाँ पाँच वर्षदेखि काम गर्दै आएको छु।
·
She has been studying since morning.
→ ऊ बिहानदेखि पढ्दै आएकी छ।
2Temporary
or ongoing action
·
They have been staying in Kathmandu.
→ उनीहरू काठमाडौंमा बस्दै आएका छन्।
·
He has been preparing for the exam.
→ ऊ परीक्षाको तयारी गर्दै आएको छ।
3Recently
stopped action with present result
·
I’m tired because
I have been running.
→ म थाकेको छु किनकि म दौडिरहेको थिएँ।
·
Her eyes are red;
she has been crying.
→ उसका आँखा रातो छन्; ऊ रोइरहेकी थिई।
4Repeated
activity over a period of time
·
We have been practicing English every day.
→ हामी दैनिक अंग्रेजी अभ्यास गर्दै आएका छौँ।
·
He has been calling me all day.
→ ऊ दिनभरि मलाई फोन गर्दै आएको छ।
More Daily-Life
Examples
|
English |
Nepali |
|
1. I have been waiting for you. |
म तिमीलाई
कुर्दै
आएको
छु। |
|
2. She has been teaching for 10 years. |
ऊ १०
वर्षदेखि
पढाउँदै
आएकी
छ। |
|
3. We have been watching TV for hours. |
हामी घण्टौँदेखि
टिभी
हेरिरहेका
छौँ। |
|
4. They have been playing football. |
उनीहरू फुटबल
खेल्दै
आएका
छन्। |
|
5. Have you been feeling well? |
के तिमी
राम्रो
महसुस
गर्दै
आएका
छौ? |
Daily Life Examples
|
English |
Nepali |
|
1. I have been waking up early these
days. |
म
यी
दिनहरू
चाँडै
उठ्दै
आएको
छु। |
|
2. She has been cooking since morning. |
ऊ
बिहानदेखि
खाना
पकाउँदै
आएकी
छ। |
|
3. We have been cleaning the house all
day. |
हामी
दिनभरि
घर
सफा
गर्दै
आएका
छौँ। |
|
4. They have been traveling for two
days. |
उनीहरू
दुई
दिनदेखि
यात्रा
गर्दै
आएका
छन्। |
|
5. He has been exercising regularly. |
ऊ
नियमित
रूपमा
व्यायाम
गर्दै
आएको
छ। |
|
6. I have been feeling tired lately. |
म
पछिल्लो
समय
थकित
महसुस
गर्दै
आएको
छु। |
|
7. She has been taking online classes. |
ऊ
अनलाइन
कक्षा
लिँदै
आएकी
छ। |
|
8. We have been waiting for the bus. |
हामी
बस
कुर्दै
आएका
छौँ। |
|
9. It has been raining since night. |
रातिदेखि
पानी
परिरहेको
छ। |
|
10. I have been using this phone for
years. |
म
यो
फोन
वर्षौंदेखि
प्रयोग
गर्दै
आएको
छु। |
Work / Office
Examples
|
English |
Nepali |
|
1. I have been working in this company
since 2020. |
म
२०२०
देखि
यो
कम्पनीमा
काम
गर्दै
आएको
छु। |
|
2. She has been preparing the report
all morning. |
ऊ
बिहानभरि
प्रतिवेदन
तयार
गर्दै
आएकी
छ। |
|
3. He has been attending meetings all
day. |
ऊ
दिनभरि
बैठकमा
सहभागी
हुँदै
आएको
छ। |
|
4. We have been discussing the
project. |
हामी
परियोजनाबारे
छलफल
गर्दै
आएका
छौँ। |
|
5. They have been learning new skills
at work. |
उनीहरू
काममा
नयाँ
सीप
सिक्दै
आएका
छन्। |
|
6. I have been handling customer
calls. |
म
ग्राहकका
फोनहरू
सम्हाल्दै
आएको
छु। |
|
7. She has been managing the team
effectively. |
ऊ
टोली
राम्रोसँग
व्यवस्थापन
गर्दै
आएकी
छ। |
|
8. He has been traveling for office
work. |
ऊ
अफिसको
कामका
लागि
यात्रा
गर्दै
आएको
छ। |
Study / Student
Life Examples
|
English |
Nepali |
|
1. I have been studying English for
three years. |
म
तीन
वर्षदेखि
अंग्रेजी
पढ्दै
आएको
छु। |
|
2. She has been preparing for IELTS. |
ऊ
IELTS को
तयारी
गर्दै
आएकी
छ। |
|
3. We have been practicing grammar
daily. |
हामी
दैनिक
व्याकरण
अभ्यास
गर्दै
आएका
छौँ। |
|
4. He has been reading novels
recently. |
ऊ
हालसालै
उपन्यास
पढ्दै
आएको
छ। |
|
5. They have been attending extra
classes. |
उनीहरू
अतिरिक्त
कक्षामा
सहभागी
हुँदै
आएका
छन्। |
|
6. I have been improving my speaking
skills. |
म
आफ्नो
बोल्ने
सीप
सुधार्दै
आएको
छु। |
|
7. She has been revising lessons at
night. |
ऊ
राति
पाठ
दोहोर्याउँदै
आएकी
छ। |
Question
Sentences
|
English |
Nepali |
|
1. How long have you been living here? |
तिमी
कति
समयदेखि
यहाँ
बस्दै
आएका
छौ? |
|
2. What have you been doing today? |
तिमी
आज
के
गर्दै
आएका
छौ? |
|
3. Have you been waiting long? |
के
तिमी
धेरै
बेरदेखि
कुर्दै
आएका
छौ? |
|
4. Why have you been working so hard? |
तिमी
किन
यति
धेरै
मेहनत
गर्दै
आएका
छौ? |
|
5. Have they been following the rules? |
के
उनीहरूले
नियम
पालना
गर्दै
आएका
छन्? |
Negative
Examples
|
English |
Nepali |
|
1. I have not been feeling well today. |
म
आज
राम्रो
महसुस
गर्दै
आएको
छैन। |
|
2. She has not been attending classes
regularly. |
ऊ
नियमित
रूपमा
कक्षा
लिँदै
आएकी
छैन। |
|
3. We have not been sleeping properly. |
हामी
राम्ररी
सुत्दै
आएका
छैनौँ। |
|
4. He has not been responding to
calls. |
ऊ
फोनको
जवाफ
दिँदै
आएको
छैन। |
|
5. They have not been working
efficiently. |
उनीहरू
प्रभावकारी
रूपमा
काम
गर्दै
आएका
छैनन्। |
