Word Class (Parts of Speech) in English and Nepali
Word class means the category of words according to their function in a
sentence. In English grammar, there are 8 main word classes (Parts of
Speech).
1. Noun (संज्ञा)
Definition: A noun is a word that names a person,
place, thing, or idea.
नेपाली अर्थ: व्यक्ति, स्थान, वस्तु वा विचारको नाम जनाउने शब्द।
|
English Example |
Nepali Meaning |
|
Teacher |
शिक्षक |
|
Kathmandu |
काठमाडौं |
|
Book |
किताब |
|
Love |
माया |
Sentence
Example:
- Ram is a teacher.
- राम शिक्षक हुन्।
2. Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
Definition: A pronoun is a word used instead
of a noun.
नेपाली अर्थ: संज्ञाको सट्टा प्रयोग हुने शब्द।
|
English |
Nepali |
|
I |
म |
|
He |
ऊ |
|
She |
ऊ (महिला) |
|
They |
उनीहरू |
Example:
- She is reading
a book.
- ऊ किताब पढिरहेकी छिन्।
3. Verb (क्रिया)
Definition: A verb is a word that shows action
or state of being.
नेपाली अर्थ: काम, अवस्था वा घटना जनाउने शब्द।
|
English |
Nepali |
|
Run |
दौडनु |
|
Eat |
खानु |
|
Write |
लेख्नु |
|
Sleep |
सुत्नु |
Example:
- He runs
fast.
- ऊ छिटो दौडन्छ।
4. Adjective (विशेषण)
Definition: An adjective describes or modifies a noun
or pronoun.
नेपाली अर्थ: संज्ञा वा सर्वनामको गुण, आकार, अवस्था आदि बताउने शब्द।
|
English |
Nepali |
|
Big |
ठूलो |
|
Small |
सानो |
|
Beautiful |
सुन्दर |
|
Happy |
खुशी |
Example:
- She has a beautiful
house.
- उसँग सुन्दर घर छ।
5. Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण)
Definition: An adverb modifies a verb,
adjective, or another adverb.
नेपाली अर्थ: क्रिया, विशेषण वा अर्को क्रिया विशेषणलाई वर्णन गर्ने शब्द।
|
English |
Nepali |
|
Quickly |
छिटो |
|
Slowly |
बिस्तारै |
|
Very |
धेरै |
|
Always |
सधैं |
Example:
- He runs quickly.
- ऊ छिटो दौडन्छ।
6. Preposition (सम्बन्धबोधक अव्यय)
Definition: A preposition shows the relationship
between a noun/pronoun and another word in a sentence.
नेपाली अर्थ: वाक्यमा संज्ञा वा सर्वनामको सम्बन्ध देखाउने शब्द।
|
English |
Nepali |
|
In |
भित्र |
|
On |
माथि |
|
Under |
तल |
|
Between |
बीचमा |
Example:
- The book is on
the table.
- किताब टेबल माथि छ।
7. Conjunction (संयोजक)
Definition: A conjunction joins words,
phrases, or clauses.
नेपाली अर्थ: शब्द, वाक्यांश वा वाक्य जोड्ने शब्द।
|
English |
Nepali |
|
And |
र |
|
But |
तर |
|
Or |
वा |
|
Because |
किनकि |
Example:
- Ram and
Hari are friends.
- राम र हरि साथी हुन्।
8. Interjection (विस्मयादिबोधक)
Definition: An interjection expresses sudden
emotion or feeling.
नेपाली अर्थ: अचानक भावना वा प्रतिक्रिया व्यक्त गर्ने शब्द।
|
English |
Nepali |
|
Wow! |
वाह! |
|
Oh! |
ओह! |
|
Alas! |
हाय! |
|
Hurrah! |
हुर्रे! |
Example:
- Wow! That is
amazing.
- वाह! त्यो अद्भुत छ।
Summary Table
|
Word Class |
Nepali |
Function |
|
Noun |
संज्ञा |
Name of
person/place/thing |
|
Pronoun |
सर्वनाम |
Replaces noun |
|
Verb |
क्रिया |
Shows action |
|
Adjective |
विशेषण |
Describes noun |
|
Adverb |
क्रिया विशेषण |
Describes
verb/adjective |
|
Preposition |
सम्बन्धबोधक |
Shows relation |
|
Conjunction |
संयोजक |
Joins
words/sentences |
|
Interjection |
विस्मयादिबोधक |
Expresses
emotion |
Preposition (सम्बन्धबोधक अव्यय)
Definition
(English):
A preposition
is a word that shows the relationship
between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence.
नेपाली
अर्थ
(Definition in Nepali):
Preposition (सम्बन्धबोधक
अव्यय) भनेको वाक्यमा संज्ञा
वा
सर्वनाम
र
अन्य
शब्दबीचको
सम्बन्ध
देखाउने
शब्द हो।
Common
Prepositions (सामान्य Preposition)
|
English |
Nepali Meaning |
|
In |
भित्र |
|
On |
माथि |
|
Under |
तल |
|
Between |
बीचमा |
|
At |
मा / नजिक |
|
Behind |
पछाडि |
|
Before |
अघि |
|
After |
पछि |
Example
Sentences
1.
The
book is on the table.
किताब टेबल माथि छ।
2.
The
cat is under the chair.
बिरालो कुर्सी तल छ।
3.
She
is sitting between Ram and Hari.
उनी राम र हरि बीचमा बसिरहेकी छिन्।
4.
The
students are in the classroom.
विद्यार्थीहरू कक्षा भित्र छन्।
Uses of In, On, At (Prepositions)
English
with Nepali Meaning and Examples
These three prepositions are commonly used to show time, place, and position.
1.
IN (भित्र / मा)
1.
Use for Months, Years, Seasons
Meaning: महिना, वर्ष, मौसमसँग प्रयोग हुन्छ।
Examples
·
I was born in 2005.
म २००५ मा जन्मिएको थिएँ।
·
The flowers bloom in spring.
फूलहरू वसन्तमा फुल्छन्।
2.
Use for Parts of the Day
Meaning: दिनको भाग (morning, afternoon, evening)
Examples
·
I study in the
morning.
म बिहान पढ्छु।
·
She watches TV in the
evening.
ऊ साँझ टिभी हेर्छे।
3.
Use for Long Periods of Time
Meaning: लामो समय अवधि
Examples
·
He will finish the work in two hours.
ऊ दुई घण्टामा काम सक्नेछ।
4.
Use for Inside a Place
Meaning: कुनै ठाउँको भित्र
Examples
·
The students are in the
classroom.
विद्यार्थीहरू कक्षाकोठा भित्र छन्।
·
The milk is in the bottle.
दूध बोतल भित्र छ।
2. ON (माथि / मा)
1. Use for Days and
Dates
Meaning: दिन र मितिसँग
Examples
·
I will meet you on Monday.
म तिमीलाई सोमबार भेट्नेछु।
·
My exam is on 10 July.
मेरो परीक्षा जुलाई १० मा छ।
2. Use for Surface (माथि)
Meaning: कुनै वस्तुको माथि
Examples
·
The book is on the table.
किताब टेबल माथि छ।
·
The picture is on the wall.
तस्वीर भित्तामा माथि छ।
3. Use for Devices /
Media
Meaning: टिभी, इन्टरनेट, रेडियो
Examples
·
I saw the news on TV.
मैले समाचार टिभीमा देखें।
·
She posted a photo on Facebook.
उसले फेसबुकमा फोटो राखी।
3. AT (मा / नजिक / स्थान)
1. Use for Exact Time
Meaning: ठ्याक्कै समय
Examples
·
The meeting starts at 10 o'clock.
बैठक १० बजे सुरु हुन्छ।
·
I wake up at 6 a.m.
म ६ बजे उठ्छु।
2. Use for Specific
Place
Meaning: निश्चित स्थान
Examples
·
He is at the bus
stop.
ऊ बस स्टपमा छ।
·
She is at home.
ऊ घरमा छे।
3. Use for Events or
Activities
Meaning: कार्यक्रम वा गतिविधि
Examples
·
We met at the party.
हामी पार्टीमा भेट्यौं।
·
She is at school.
ऊ स्कूलमा छे।
Summary Table
|
Preposition |
Main Use |
Example |
Nepali Meaning |
|
In |
Months, years, inside place |
in 2025 |
२०२५ मा |
|
In |
Parts of day |
in the morning |
बिहान |
|
On |
Days, dates |
on Monday |
सोमबार |
|
On |
Surface |
on the table |
टेबल माथि |
|
At |
Exact time |
at 6 pm |
६ बजे |
|
At |
Specific place |
at school |
स्कूलमा |
1. Uses of IN (भित्र / मा)
|
No. |
Use |
Example (English) |
Nepali Meaning |
|
1 |
Months |
My exam is in
May. |
मेरो परीक्षा
मे महिनामा छ। |
|
2 |
Years |
She was born in
2000. |
उनी २००० मा जन्मिइन्। |
|
3 |
Seasons |
Flowers bloom in spring. |
फूलहरू वसन्तमा फुल्छन्। |
|
4 |
Parts of the day |
I study in
the morning. |
म बिहान पढ्छु। |
|
5 |
Inside a place |
The students are in the classroom. |
विद्यार्थीहरू कक्षाकोठा
भित्र छन्। |
|
6 |
Countries / cities |
He lives in
Nepal. |
ऊ नेपालमा बस्छ। |
|
7 |
Long period of time |
I will finish it in two hours. |
म यसलाई
दुई घण्टामा सक्नेछु। |
|
8 |
Rooms / buildings |
She is in
the kitchen. |
ऊ भान्सामा छे। |
|
9 |
Groups / organizations |
He works in
a bank. |
ऊ बैंकमा काम
गर्छ। |
|
10 |
Vehicles (car, taxi) |
They are in
the car. |
उनीहरू कारभित्र छन्। |
2. Uses of ON (माथि / मा)
|
No. |
Use |
Example (English) |
Nepali Meaning |
|
1 |
Days |
I will visit you on Monday. |
म तिमीलाई
सोमबार भेट्नेछु। |
|
2 |
Dates |
My birthday is on July 10. |
मेरो जन्मदिन
जुलाई १० मा हो। |
|
3 |
Surface |
The book is on
the table. |
किताब टेबल
माथि छ। |
|
4 |
Streets / roads |
He lives on
Main Street. |
ऊ मेन स्ट्रीटमा बस्छ। |
|
5 |
Public transport |
She is on
the bus. |
ऊ बसमा छे। |
|
6 |
Electronic media |
I saw the news on TV. |
मैले समाचार
टिभीमा देखें। |
|
7 |
Internet |
I found it on
the internet. |
मैले यो
इन्टरनेटमा भेटें। |
|
8 |
Attached position |
The picture is on the wall. |
तस्वीर भित्तामा
माथि छ। |
|
9 |
Special days |
We met on
my birthday. |
हामी मेरो जन्मदिनमा भेट्यौं। |
|
10 |
Technology devices |
She is talking on the phone. |
ऊ फोनमा कुरा
गरिरहेकी छे। |
3. Uses of AT (मा / नजिक / ठ्याक्कै)
|
No. |
Use |
Example (English) |
Nepali Meaning |
|
1 |
Exact time |
The meeting is at 10 a.m. |
बैठक १० बजे छ। |
|
2 |
Specific place |
He is at
the bus stop. |
ऊ बस स्टपमा छ। |
|
3 |
Addresses / points |
She is at
the door. |
ऊ ढोकामा छे। |
|
4 |
Events |
We met at
the party. |
हामी पार्टीमा भेट्यौं। |
|
5 |
Institutions |
She studies at
Tribhuvan University. |
ऊ त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयमा पढ्छे। |
|
6 |
Home / work |
My father is at work. |
मेरा बुबा
काममा छन्। |
|
7 |
Shops / places |
I am at
the market. |
म बजारमा छु। |
|
8 |
Age |
He started school at age five. |
उसले पाँच वर्षको उमेरमा स्कूल
सुरु गर्यो। |
|
9 |
Email address |
Contact me at
this email. |
मलाई यो इमेलमा सम्पर्क
गर्नुहोस्। |
|
10 |
Festivals / holiday time |
We travel at
Dashain. |
हामी दशैंमा यात्रा
गर्छौं। |
✅ Quick
Difference (Easy Rule)
|
Preposition |
Main Idea |
Example |
|
IN |
Inside / Long time |
in a room, in 2025 |
|
ON |
Surface / Days |
on the table, on Monday |
|
AT |
Exact point |
at 5 pm, at the station |
