English Language
Articles – Definition
Articles are words used before nouns to define them as specific
or unspecific.
·
There are two types of articles:
1.
Indefinite Articles: a, an
2.
Definite Article: the
Formula:
Article + Noun
2 Indefinite Articles – a / an
Definition:
·
Used to refer to any one thing / person in general, not
specific.
·
a → before words starting with a consonant
sound
·
an → before words starting with a vowel
sound (a, e, i, o, u)
Uses of Indefinite Articles (3/3)
1. To mention something for the first time
·
I saw a cat in the garden.
·
मैले बगैंचामा एउटा बिरालो देखें।
2. To refer to any one of a group
·
He is an engineer.
·
उनी एक जना इन्जिनियर हुन्।
3. To express profession, nationality, or identity
·
She is a teacher. → उनी शिक्षक हुन्।
·
He is an American. → उनी अमेरिकी हुन्।
3 Definite Article – the
Definition:
·
Used to refer to a specific person, place, or thing that is
already known to the listener/reader.
Uses of THE (with examples)
1.
When the noun is specific or known
English:
I saw the boy you mentioned.
Nepali: मैले तिमीले
भनेको
त्यो
केटा
देखें।
2.
When the noun is mentioned for the second time
English:
I bought a pen. The pen is blue.
Nepali: मैले एउटा
कलम
किनेँ।
त्यो
कलम
नीलो
छ।
3.
With unique things (only one in the world)
English:
The sun rises in the east.
Nepali: सूर्य पूर्वबाट
उदाउँछ।
4.
With superlative degrees
English:
She is the best student.
Nepali: उनी सबैभन्दा
राम्रो
विद्यार्थी
हुन्।
5.
With rivers, seas, oceans, mountain ranges
English:
The Himalayas are beautiful.
Nepali: हिमालय सुन्दर
छन्।
6.
With musical instruments
English:
He plays the guitar.
Nepali: ऊ गिटार
बजाउँछ।
7.
With plural nouns when referring to all
English:
The students are studying.
Nepali: विद्यार्थीहरू
पढिरहेका
छन्।
8.
With newspapers
English:
I read the newspaper.
Nepali: म समाचारपत्र
पढ्छु।
9.
With famous buildings
English:
The Taj Mahal is amazing.
Nepali: ताजमहल अद्भुत
छ।
10.
With holy books
English:
The Bible is sacred.
Nepali: बाइबल पवित्र
छ।
11.
With historical events
English:
The World War II changed history.
Nepali: दोस्रो विश्वयुद्धले
इतिहास
परिवर्तन
गर्यो।
12.
With decades
English:
The 1990s were important.
Nepali: १९९० को
दशक
महत्त्वपूर्ण
थियो।
13.
With directions
English:
The east is bright.
Nepali: पूर्व उज्यालो
हुन्छ।
14.
With adjectives representing a class
English:
The rich should help the poor.
Nepali: धनीहरूले गरिबलाई
सहयोग
गर्नुपर्छ।
15.
With ordinal numbers
English:
He came the first.
Nepali: ऊ पहिलो
आयो।
16.
With same
English:
We are in the same class.
Nepali: हामी एउटै
कक्षामा
छौं।
17.
With only
English:
She is the only child.
Nepali: उनी एक
मात्र
सन्तान
हुन्।
18.
With inventions
English:
The telephone changed communication.
Nepali: टेलिफोनले सञ्चार
परिवर्तन
गर्यो।
19.
With parts of the body
English:
He was hit on the head.
Nepali: उसलाई टाउकोमा
हिर्काइयो।
20.
With families
English:
The Sharmas are kind.
Nepali: शर्मा परिवार
दयालु
छन्।
21.
With countries having plural names
English:
The USA is powerful.
Nepali: अमेरिका शक्तिशाली
छ।
22.
With deserts
English:
The Sahara is vast.
Nepali: सहारा मरुभूमि
विशाल
छ।
23.
With canals
English:
The Suez Canal is important.
Nepali: सुयेज नहर
महत्त्वपूर्ण
छ।
24.
With groups of islands
English:
The Maldives is beautiful.
Nepali: माल्दिभ्स सुन्दर
छ।
25.
With trains/ships
English:
The Titanic sank.
Nepali: टाइटानिक डुब्यो।
26.
With organizations
English:
The UN works globally.
Nepali: संयुक्त राष्ट्रले
विश्वभर
काम
गर्छ।
27.
With political parties
English:
The Congress is active.
Nepali: कांग्रेस सक्रिय
छ।
28.
With famous hotels
English:
The Hilton is expensive.
Nepali: हिल्टन महँगो
छ।
29.
With cinemas/theatres
English:
Let’s go to the cinema.
Nepali: सिनेमा जाऔं।
30.
With inventions representing class
English:
The computer is useful.
Nepali: कम्प्युटर उपयोगी
छ।
31.
With morning/evening (part of day)
English:
I wake up in the morning.
Nepali: म बिहान
उठ्छु।
32.
With radio
English:
I heard it on the radio.
Nepali: मैले रेडियोमा
सुनेँ।
33.
With environment
English:
The environment is important.
Nepali: वातावरण महत्त्वपूर्ण
छ।
34.
With whole group
English:
The class is noisy.
Nepali: कक्षा हल्ला
गरिरहेको
छ।
35.
With comparisons
English:
The more you study, the better you learn.
Nepali: जति पढ्छौ,
त्यति
राम्रो
सिक्छौ।
✅
36. With titles (specific person)
English:
The president spoke.
Nepali: राष्ट्रपति बोले।
37.
With oceans
English:
The Indian Ocean
Nepali: हिन्द महासागर
38.
With seas
English:
The Red Sea
Nepali: रातो सागर
39.
With gulfs
English:
The Persian Gulf
Nepali: पर्शियन खाडी
40.
With peninsulas
English:
The Arabian Peninsula
Nepali: अरब प्रायद्वीप
41.
With historical periods
English:
The Renaissance
Nepali: पुनर्जागरण काल
42.
With wars
English:
The Civil War
Nepali: गृहयुद्ध
43.
With inventions (general)
English:
The internet changed life.
Nepali: इन्टरनेटले जीवन
परिवर्तन
गर्यो।
44.
With government
English:
The government decided.
Nepali: सरकारले निर्णय
गर्यो।
45.
With police
English:
The police arrived.
Nepali: प्रहरी आयो।
46.
With army
English:
The army protects us.
Nepali: सेनाले सुरक्षा
गर्छ।
47.
With press/media
English:
The media reported.
Nepali: मिडियाले रिपोर्ट
गर्यो।
48.
With cinema (art form)
English:
The cinema is powerful.
Nepali: सिनेमा प्रभावशाली
छ।
49.
With inventions (species sense)
English:
The airplane changed travel.
Nepali: जहाजले यात्रा
बदल्यो।
50.
With specific place
English:
The room is clean.
Nepali: त्यो कोठा
सफा
छ।
(Continuing
same pattern…)
51.
With door/window
Close
the door.
ढोका
बन्द
गर।
52.
With sky
The
sky is blue.
आकाश
निलो
छ।
53.
With moon
The
moon is bright.
चन्द्रमा
उज्यालो
छ।
54.
With earth
The
earth rotates.
पृथ्वी
घुम्छ।
55.
With same object
Use
the same pen.
उही
कलम
प्रयोग
गर।
56.
With exact time phrase
in
the evening
साँझमा
57.
With rank
He
is the captain.
ऊ
कप्तान
हो।
58.
With inventions category
The
wheel changed history.
पाङ्ग्राले
इतिहास
बदल्यो।
59.
With species
The
tiger is dangerous.
बाघ
खतरनाक
हुन्छ।
60.
With musical group
The
Beatles are famous.
बीटल्स
प्रसिद्ध
छन्।
61–70
(Short Examples)
61. The
bus is late. – बस ढिला
छ
62. The
market is busy. – बजार व्यस्त
छ
63. The
road is long. – बाटो लामो
छ
64. The
water is cold. – पानी चिसो
छ
65. The
weather is nice. – मौसम राम्रो
छ
66. The
house is big. – घर ठूलो
छ
67. The
car is new. – गाडी नयाँ
छ
68. The
teacher is kind. – शिक्षक दयालु
छन्
69. The
book is interesting. – किताब रोचक
छ
70. The
food is tasty. – खाना स्वादिलो
छ
71–80
71. The
child is sleeping.
72. The
shop is closed.
73. The
office is open.
74. The
meeting starts.
75. The
train arrives.
76. The
plane lands.
77. The
game begins.
78. The
festival starts.
79. The
program ends.
80. The
show is good.
(नेपाली
अर्थ:
सबैमा
“त्यो/उक्त”
को
अर्थ
आउँछ)
81–90
81. The
law is strict.
82. The
rule is clear.
83. The
plan works.
84. The
system fails.
85. The
method helps.
86. The
idea works.
87. The
answer is correct.
88. The
result is good.
89. The
problem is hard.
90. The
solution is simple.
91–100
91. The
truth matters.
92. The
future is bright.
93. The
past is gone.
94. The
present is important.
95. The
world is changing.
96. The
society develops.
97. The
culture grows.
98. The
nation rises.
99. The
economy improves.
100.
The situation changes.
Zero Article (No Article)
21. Milk is good for health.
➜ दूध स्वास्थ्यका लागि राम्रो हुन्छ।
22. Children love toys.
➜ बच्चाहरू खेलौना मन पराउँछन्।
23. Honesty is the best policy.
➜ इमानदारी सबैभन्दा राम्रो नीति हो।
24. Students should study daily.
➜ विद्यार्थीहरूले दैनिक पढ्नुपर्छ।
25. Water is essential for life.
➜ पानी जीवनका लागि आवश्यक छ।
🔹 PART 2: 20 MCQs
(With Answers)
Choose the correct option
1. She is ___ honest
woman.
a) a
b) an
c) the
d) no article
✅ Answer: b) an
2. I saw ___ elephant
in the zoo.
a) a
b) an
c) the
d) no article
✅ Answer: b) an
3. ___ sun rises in the
east.
a) A
b) An
c) The
d) No article
✅ Answer: c) The
4. He wants to be ___ engineer.
a) a
b) an
c) the
d) no article
✅ Answer: b) an
5. She plays ___
guitar.
a) a
b) an
c) the
d) no article
✅ Answer: c) the
6. ___ milk is good for
children.
a) A
b) An
c) The
d) No article
✅ Answer: d) No article
7. I bought ___ book
yesterday.
a) a
b) an
c) the
d) no article
✅ Answer: a) a
8. ___ Himalayas are very high.
a) A
b) An
c) The
d) No article
✅ Answer: c) The
9. She is ___ best
student.
a) a
b) an
c) the
d) no article
✅ Answer: c) the
10. He goes to school by ___ bus.
a) a
b) an
c) the
d) no article
✅ Answer: d) no article
Fill in the blanks with (a
/ an / the)
1. She bought ___
umbrella. (a/an/the)
2. I saw ___ dog in the
street. (a/an/the)
3. ___ sun rises in the
east. (a/an/the)
4. He is ___ honest
man. (a/an/the)
5. I have ___ pen. ___
pen is blue. (a/an/the)
6. She is ___ best
student in the class. (a/an/the)
7. We live near ___
river. (a/an/the)
8. He wants to be ___
engineer. (a/an/the)
9. ___ earth moves
around ___ sun. (a/an/the)
10. She plays ___ piano very well. (a/an/the)
11. I met ___ old friend yesterday. (a/an/the)
12. ___ Himalayas are very high. (a/an/the)
13. Give me ___ glass of water. (a/an/the)
14. He was hit on ___ head. (a/an/the)
15. She read ___ newspaper in the morning. (a/an/the)
16. It took me ___ hour to finish the work. (a/an/the)
17. ___ boy standing there is my brother. (a/an/the)
18. She bought ___ apple and ___ banana. (a/an/the)
19. ___ Taj Mahal is in India. (a/an/the)
20. He goes to school by ___ bus. (a/an/the)
21. She has ___ unique talent. (a/an/the)
22. ___ rich should help ___ poor. (a/an/the)
23. I watched ___ movie you suggested. (a/an/the)
24. There is ___ university in this city. (a/an/the)
25. ___ moon looks beautiful tonight. (a/an/the)
26. He found ___ wallet on the road. (a/an/the)
27. ___ police arrested the thief. (a/an/the)
28. She is ___ nurse in a hospital. (a/an/the)
29. ___ Pacific Ocean is very deep. (a/an/the)
30. This is ___ first time I’ve visited Nepalgunj. (a/an/the)
31. I need ___ pen to write this letter. (a/an/the)
32. ___ computer is a useful invention. (a/an/the)
33. She lives on ___ second floor. (a/an/the)
34. He adopted ___ orphan child. (a/an/the)
35. ___ teacher entered the classroom. (a/an/the)
36. She gave me ___ interesting book. (a/an/the)
37. ___ weather is very cold today. (a/an/the)
38. He repaired ___ car that was damaged. (a/an/the)
39. She has ___ MBA degree. (a/an/the)
40. ___ United Nations works for peace. (a/an/the)
41. He waited for me at ___ station. (a/an/the)
42. I saw ___ elephant at the zoo. (a/an/the)
43. ___ Gita teaches moral values. (a/an/the)
44. She is ___ tallest girl in the group. (a/an/the)
45. He bought ___ pair of shoes. (a/an/the)
46. ___ internet has changed our lives. (a/an/the)
47. She drank ___ cup of tea. (a/an/the)
48. ___ Sharmas live next door. (a/an/the)
49. He spoke on ___ phone for an hour. (a/an/the)
50. ___ man who helped me was kind. (a/an/the)
Fill in the blanks with
(a / an / the) – Answers with Reasons
1. She bought an umbrella.
Reason: Umbrella starts with a vowel sound → an
2. I saw a dog in the street.
Reason: First mention, general singular noun → a
3. The
sun rises in the east.
Reason: Sun is unique (only one) → the
4. He is an honest man.
Reason: Honest has a silent “h” (vowel sound) → an
5. I have a pen. The pen is
blue.
Reason:
·
First mention → a
·
Second mention (specific) → the
6. She is the best student in the
class.
Reason: Superlative degree (best) → the
7. We live near a river.
Reason: River is not specified → a
8. He wants to be an engineer.
Reason: Engineer starts with a vowel sound → an
9. The earth moves around the
sun.
Reason: Both are unique objects → the
10. She plays the
piano very well.
Reason: Musical instruments use the
11. I met an
old friend yesterday.
Reason: Old starts with a vowel sound → an
12. The
Himalayas are very high.
Reason: Mountain ranges take the
13. Give me a
glass of water.
Reason: Countable noun, general request → a
14. He was hit on the
head.
Reason: Parts of the body use the
15. She read the
newspaper in the morning.
Reason: Newspaper as a daily activity → the
16. It took me an
hour to finish the work.
Reason: Hour has a silent “h” → an
17. The boy
standing there is my brother.
Reason: Boy is specific/identified → the
18. She bought an
apple and a banana.
Reason:
·
Apple → vowel sound → an
·
Banana → consonant sound → a
19. The Taj
Mahal is in India.
Reason: Famous building → the
20. He goes to school
by bus.
Reason: Means of transport (general) → no article
21. She has a
unique talent.
Reason: Unique starts with “you” sound → a
22. The rich
should help the poor.
Reason: Adjectives representing a class/group → the
23. I watched the
movie you suggested.
Reason: Movie is specific/known → the
24. There is a
university in this city.
Reason: University has “you” sound → a
25. The moon
looks beautiful tonight.
Reason: Moon is unique → the
26. He found a
wallet on the road.
Reason: First mention, general object → a
27. The police
arrested the thief.
Reason: Police (institution) → the
28. She is a
nurse in a hospital.
Reason: Profession → a
29. The Pacific
Ocean is very deep.
Reason: Oceans take the
30. This is the
first time I’ve visited Nepalgunj.
Reason: Ordinal number (first) → the
31. I need a
pen to write this letter.
Reason: General need, singular noun → a
32. The
computer is a useful invention.
Reason: Inventions in general → the
33. She lives on the
second floor.
Reason: Ordinal number (second) → the
34. He adopted an
orphan child.
Reason: Orphan starts with vowel sound → an
35. The teacher
entered the classroom.
Reason: Teacher is specific/known → the
36. She gave me an
interesting book.
Reason: Interesting starts with vowel sound → an
37. The weather
is very cold today.
Reason: Weather is specific situation → the
38. He repaired the
car that was damaged.
Reason: Car is specified by a clause → the
39. She has an
MBA degree.
Reason: MBA starts with vowel sound (em-bee-ay) → an
40. The United
Nations works for peace.
Reason: Name of organization → the
41. He waited for me
at the station.
Reason: Station is known/specific → the
42. I saw an
elephant at the zoo.
Reason: Elephant starts with vowel sound → an
43. The Gita
teaches moral values.
Reason: Holy book → the
44. She is the
tallest girl in the group.
Reason: Superlative degree → the
45. He bought a
pair of shoes.
Reason: Pair is singular countable → a
46. The
internet has changed our lives.
Reason: System/invention → the
47. She drank a
cup of tea.
Reason: Singular countable noun → a
48. The Sharmas
live next door.
Reason: Family name (plural) → the
49. He spoke on the
phone for an hour.
Reason: Specific object in use → the
50. The man who
helped me was kind.
Reason: Man is identified by a clause → the
Grammar
Definition of Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-Verb Agreement means the verb
must agree with its subject in number and person:
· A singular subject takes a singular verb.
· A plural subject takes a plural verb.
To learn about the process of making sentences,
you have to learn the noun (subject) and verb relation in detail.
Singular nouns and plural noun
|
Singular
noun (subject) |
verbs |
|
Ram Sita He She It A
baby A
child This That Man Woman Only
one thing or subject |
V5
(does), is, has, was |
|
Plural
noun (subject) |
verbs |
|
Ram
and Sita They We You The
babies The
children These Those Men Women Two
or more than two |
V1
(do), are, have, were |
Note: The subject "I"
takes v1,do, am, have, & was as verbs.
Subject-Verb Agreement Rules (Basic to Advanced)
Subject-Verb Agreement Rules (1–85)
(From Basic to Advance)
1.
Basic Rule: Singular subject takes singular verb; plural subject takes plural
verb.
She writes every day. / They write every day.
2.
Two singular nouns joined by "and" = plural verb.
Rita and Sam are friends.
3.
Two singular nouns joined by "or" or "nor" = singular verb.
Either the teacher or the student is responsible.
4.
Singular + plural subject joined by "or" or "nor" – verb
agrees with the nearest subject.
Either the students or the teacher is wrong.
Either the teacher or the students are wrong.
5.
Collective nouns take singular/plural verb depending on meaning.
The team is winning. / The team are arguing among themselves.
6.
Uncountable nouns always take singular verbs.
The information is useful.
7.
Subjects joined by "as well as", "along with",
"together with" take verb of the first subject.
The manager, as well as the employees, is present.
8.
Titles of books/movies/organizations take singular verbs even if plural in
form.
The United Nations is meeting today.
9.
Words like "each", "every", "either",
"neither" take singular verbs.
Each of the students is present.
10.
With fractions and percentages, verb depends on noun after "of".
Half of the cake is gone. / Half of the cookies are gone.
11.
"None" can take singular or plural verb depending on meaning.
None of the money is missing. / None of the students are absent.
12.
"Some", "all", "most" take verb depending on
object after "of".
Some of the water is contaminated. / Some of the books are missing.
13.
In sentences beginning with "here" or "there", subject
comes after the verb.
There are many problems.
14.
Plural subjects + "with"/"as well as" = verb agrees with
main subject.
The teacher, along with the students, is excited.
15.
Infinitive or gerund phrase as subject = singular verb.
To read is important. / Swimming helps you stay fit.
16.
Words like "mathematics", "news", "physics" =
singular.
Mathematics is my favorite subject.
17.
With "not only... but also", verb agrees with the second subject.
Not only the teacher but also the students are excited.
18.
With "either...or", "neither...nor", verb agrees with the
nearer subject.
Neither the students nor the teacher is here.
19.
Words ending in "s" but singular in meaning = singular verb.
The news is shocking.
20.
Subject modified by phrases like "together with" = verb agrees with
main subject.
The president, together with his advisors, is attending the meeting.
Intermediate Rules (21–60)
21.
Names of diseases = singular.
Diabetes is increasing globally.
22.
Indefinite pronouns = usually singular.
Everyone is invited.
23.
"And" joins subjects that refer to one person = singular verb.
My friend and mentor is here.
24.
Plural form nouns but singular in meaning = singular verb.
Economics is a tough subject.
25.
Titles or names of works = singular verb.
The Lord of the Rings is a classic.
26.
Expressions of time, money, or distance = singular verb.
Ten dollars is enough.
27.
"The number of" = singular verb.
The number of applicants is increasing.
28.
"A number of" = plural verb.
A number of students are absent.
29.
Inverted sentences – verb agrees with subject after it.
Here are the books you requested.
30.
Collective nouns used plurally = plural verb.
The jury are divided in their opinions.
31.
"None" = singular or plural verb based on context.
None of the cake is left. / None of the players are ready.
32.
Plural-looking nouns referring to one entity = singular.
The scissors is on the table. (Note: informally, "are" is
more common.)
33.
"Both... and..." = plural verb.
Both my brother and sister are doctors.
34.
"More than one..." = singular verb.
More than one student is absent.
35.
Ignore modifying phrase after subject for verb agreement.
The boy with the dogs is friendly.
36.
Singular subject = singular verb
She plays well.
37.
Plural subject = plural verb
They play football.
38.
Two singular nouns with "and" = plural verb
Ram and Shyam are friends.
39.
Uncountable nouns = singular verb
Water is essential.
40.
Collective nouns = singular verb (when seen as a unit)
The team wins the match.
41.
Titles of books/movies = singular
"The Avengers" is popular.
42.
Indefinite pronouns = singular
Everyone likes music.
43.
Subjects separated by commas = use plural
Ramesh, Suresh, and Ganesh are here.
44.
"Either/or", "neither/nor" – verb agrees with nearer
subject
Neither he nor his friends are coming.
45.
"Each", "every", etc. = singular
Each boy has a pen.
46.
Time, money, distance = singular
Five kilometers is a long walk.
47.
Nouns ending in -s (maths, physics) = singular
Mathematics is difficult.
48.
"One of" + plural = singular verb
One of the girls is absent.
49.
"The number of..." = singular
The number of students is increasing.
50.
"A number of..." = plural
A number of students are playing.
Advanced Rules (61–85)
61.
Fractions + uncountable = singular
Half of the water is gone.
62.
Fractions + countable = plural
Half of the apples are rotten.
63.
"There is"/"There are" – verb agrees with subject
There are many books.
64.
Singular + “or”/“nor” = singular verb
Neither tea nor coffee is available.
65.
Plural nouns used for tools = plural
Scissors are sharp.
66.
"More than one" = singular
More than one student has passed.
67.
"Many a" = singular
Many a man has failed.
68.
Plural form but singular meaning = singular
Economics is interesting.
69.
"Each of"/"Every one of" = singular
Each of the players is tired.
70.
Plural numbers as unit = singular
Ten years is a long time.
71.
Gerund subject = singular
Swimming is fun.
72.
"The majority of" – verb follows noun
The majority of people are happy.
73.
"As well as", etc. – verb with first subject
The teacher, as well as students, was present.
74.
Verb agrees with subject, not object
The list of items is long.
75.
Compound subject = one item = singular
Bread and butter is my breakfast.
76.
Proper nouns ending in "s" = singular
The United States is large.
77.
Relative clauses – verb agrees with antecedent
She is one of the girls who dance well.
78.
"Each of them who…" = verb with "each" = singular
Each of them who studies will pass.
79.
"None of the + plural noun" = plural
None of the students are present.
80.
"None" with uncountable = singular
None of the milk is wasted.
81.
"One-third of", "some of" = verb agrees with object
One-third of the books are missing.
82.
Plural nouns as one idea = singular
Fish and chips is my lunch.
83.
"One of those who..." = plural verb
She is one of those girls who work hard.
84.
Inversion – verb follows true subject
On the table lies the book.
85.
Always identify the real subject for correct verb
The sound of bells is soothing.
Prepositions – Uses & Examples
Definition of Prepositions
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship
between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence. It usually tells
us about:
1.
Time – when something happens
2.
Place / Position – where something is located
3.
Direction / Movement – where something is going
4.
Cause / Reason /
Manner / Means – why or how something
happens
Formula:
Preposition + Noun / Pronoun
Examples
1. Time
·
The meeting is at 9
a.m. → बैठक ९ बजे छ।
·
I was born in
April. → म अप्रिलमा जन्मेँ।
2. Place / Position
·
The keys are on the
table. → चाबी टेबलमा छ।
·
She lives in
Kathmandu. → उनी काठमाण्डौमा बस्छिन्।
3. Direction / Movement
·
He is going to the
market. → उनी बजारतर्फ जाँदै छन्।
·
The bird flew over
the tree. → चराले रुखमाथि उड्यो।
4. Cause / Reason / Manner
·
He was punished for
lying. → झूट बोल्दा उनलाई दण्ड दिइयो।
·
She succeeded by
working hard. → उनले कडा मेहनत गरेर सफलता हासिल गरिन्।
1. In
·
Use: To indicate enclosed space, months, years, long periods
·
Examples:
1.
She lives in
Kathmandu. → उनी काठमाण्डौमा बस्छिन्।
2.
I was born in 2005.
→ म २००५ मा जन्मेँ।
3.
We will finish the project
in two weeks. → हामी दुई हप्तामा परियोजना पूरा गर्नेछौं।
2. On
·
Use: To indicate surface, dates, specific days
·
Examples:
1.
The book is on the
table. → किताब टेबलमा छ।
2.
The meeting is on
Monday. → बैठक सोमवारमा छ।
3.
We traveled on 15th
March. → हामी १५ मार्चमा यात्रा गर्यौं।
3. At
·
Use: To indicate specific point, time, events, places
·
Examples:
1.
I am waiting at the
bus stop. → म बसपार्कमा प्रतीक्षा गर्दैछु।
2.
The class starts at
9 a.m. → कक्षा ९ बजे सुरु हुन्छ।
3.
Meet me at the
station. → मलाई स्टेशनमा भेट।
4. Until / Till
·
Use: To indicate time up to a point
·
Examples:
1.
Stay here until I
return. → म फर्किने सम्म यहाँ बस।
2.
The shop is open till
8 p.m. → पसल ८ बजे सम्म खुल्ला हुन्छ।
5. Between
·
Use: To indicate two things or people
·
Examples:
1.
The negotiations are between
Nepal and India. → वार्ता नेपाल र भारतको बीचमा छ।
2.
Sit between Ramesh
and Sita. → रमेश र सिताको बीचमा बस।
6. Among
·
Use: To indicate more than two people or things
·
Examples:
1.
Divide the cake among
the children. → केक बच्चाहरूमा बाँड्नुहोस्।
2.
He is popular among
his classmates. → उनी आफ्ना सहपाठीहरूमा लोकप्रिय छन्।
7. From
·
Use: Starting point of time, place, origin
·
Examples:
1.
I come from Nepal.
→ म नेपालबाट आएको हुँ।
2.
The office is open from
9 a.m. → कार्यालय ९ बजेबाट खुल्छ।
8. To
·
Use: Direction, recipient, end point
·
Examples:
1.
I am going to the
market. → म बजार जान्छु।
2.
Give this letter to
your teacher. → यो पत्र तपाईंको शिक्षकलाई दिनुहोस्।
9. Under
·
Use: Position below something, less than
·
Examples:
1.
The cat is under
the table. → बिरालो टेबलमुनि छ।
2.
The price is under
500 rupees. → मूल्य ५०० रुपैयाँ भन्दा कम छ।
2PTE Reading Fill-in-the-Blank Practice Passages
Passage 1 – Location & Place
The keys are __________ the drawer. Please check __________ the table. I think
I left them __________ my bag.
Options:
a) in
b) on
c) under
✅ Answers: in → drawer, on → table, under → bag
Passage 2 – Time
The meeting will start __________ 10 a.m. and last __________ 12 p.m. I will
stay here __________ the boss arrives.
Options:
a) at
b) until
c) from
✅ Answers: at → 10 a.m., until → 12 p.m., until → boss arrives
Passage 3 – Direction & Movement
She walked __________ the park __________ the school. Then she went __________
her friend’s house.
Options:
a) to
b) from
c) between
✅ Answers: through → park (optional), to → school, to → friend’s house
Passage 4 – Relationships & Groups
The teacher divided the chocolates __________ the five students. Ramesh sat
__________ Sita and Mina.
Options:
a) among
b) between
✅ Answers: among → five students, between → Sita and Mina
Passage 5 – Origin & Source
This tea comes __________ China. He received a letter __________ his cousin
__________ Australia.
Options:
a) from
b) to
c) in
✅ Answers: from → China, from → cousin, from → Australia
1Preposition: IN
Uses & Examples:
1.
Enclosed space / area
o
I live in
Kathmandu.
o
म काठमाण्डौमा बस्छु।
2.
Months
o
My birthday is in
April.
o
मेरो जन्मदिन अप्रिलमा हो।
3.
Years / centuries
o
She was born in 2005.
o
उनी २००५ मा जन्मे।
4.
Long periods /
seasons
o
We travel in
summer.
o
हामी गर्मीमा यात्रा गर्छौं।
5.
Cities / countries
o
He works in India.
o
उनी भारतमा काम गर्छन्।
6.
Parts of a book /
article
o
You can find the answer in
Chapter 5.
o
जवाफ तपाईं अध्याय ५ मा फेला पार्न सक्नुहुन्छ।
7.
Transportation
(enclosed)
o
I am in a taxi.
o
म ट्याक्सीमा छु।
8.
Clothing / wearing
o
She looked beautiful in
a red dress.
o
उनी रातो ड्रेसमा सुन्दर देखिन्थिन्।
9.
Within limits /
boundaries
o
The answer is in
the text.
o
जवाफ पाठमा छ।
10. Languages / fields / subjects
o
He is fluent in
English.
o
उनी अंग्रेजीमा धाराप्रवाह छन्।
2 Preposition: ON
Uses & Examples:
1.
Surface / top of
something
o
The book is on the
table.
o
किताब टेबलमा छ।
2.
Dates / specific days
o
The meeting is on
Monday.
o
बैठक सोमवारमा छ।
3.
Special occasions
o
She was born on
Christmas Day.
o
उनी क्रिसमसको दिन जन्मेकी हुन्।
4.
Streets / roads /
addresses
o
The shop is on Main
Street.
o
पसल मुख्य सडकमा छ।
5.
Electronic devices /
screens
o
The video is on TV.
o
भिडियो टिभीमा छ।
6.
Written media /
documents
o
I read it on the
internet.
o
मैले यो इन्टरनेटमा पढेँ।
7.
Means of transport
(surface / public)
o
I am on the bus.
o
म बसमा छु।
8.
About / topic
o
He gave a lecture on
climate change.
o
उनले जलवायु परिवर्तनमा व्याख्यान दिए।
9.
Attached / supported
by
o
The picture is on
the wall.
o
चित्र भित्तामा छ।
10. State / condition
o
She is on duty.
o
उनी ड्युटीमा छिन्।
3 Preposition: AT
Uses & Examples:
1.
Specific point /
location
o
I am waiting at the
bus stop.
o
म बसपार्कमा प्रतीक्षा गर्दैछु।
2.
Specific time
o
The class starts at
9 a.m.
o
कक्षा ९ बजे सुरु हुन्छ।
3.
Events / functions
o
I met him at the
wedding.
o
मैले उनलाई विवाहमा भेटें।
4.
Addresses (point
location)
o
I live at 45 Park
Street.
o
म पार्क स्ट्रीट ४५ मा बस्छु।
5.
Activities /
situations
o
She is at work.
o
उनी काममा छिन्।
6.
Direction / target
o
Look at the board.
o
बोर्डतिर हेर्नुहोस्।
7.
Speed / rate / price
/ level
o
The car is running at
80 km/h.
o
कार ८० किमी/घण्टामा चलिरहेको छ।
8.
Emails /
communication
o
Contact me at my
email address.
o
मलाई मेरो इमेलमा सम्पर्क गर्नुहोस्।
9.
Point of arrival /
meeting
o
Meet me at the
station.
o
मलाई स्टेशनमा भेट।
10. State / condition
o
She is good at
swimming.
o
उनी पौडी खेल्न राम्रो छिन्।
