30 New Challenging Sets for PTE Reading & Writing Fill in the Blanks
(Advanced Collocations | 4–5 Gaps Each | Options in Single
Line Format | Answers in Random Order at the End)
Set 1: The Paradox of Plenty
The
resource curse thesis posits that countries endowed with abundant natural
resources often 1._____ disappointing economic outcomes. Paradoxically,
nations with scarce resources have sometimes 2._____ superior growth
trajectories. Scholars have 3._____ various explanations for this
phenomenon, including institutional weakness and corruption. Policymakers must 4._____
careful attention to governance structures to avoid the pitfalls of resource
wealth. It is imperative that revenues be 5._____ transparently for the
benefit of all citizens.
Options:
1.
A) achieve B) experience C) attain
D) secure
2.
A) demonstrated B) exhibited C)
displayed D) showcased
3.
A) proffered B) advanced C) proposed
D) suggested
4.
A) make B) take C) pay D) give
5.
A) managed B) utilized C)
administered D) allocated
Set 2: Epistemological Humility in Science
Scientific
progress depends on a community's willingness to 1._____ epistemological
humility. Researchers must 2._____ their assumptions to rigorous
scrutiny and remain open to disconfirming evidence. The history of science is
replete with instances where prevailing paradigms have 3._____ to
revolutionary discoveries. Scientists who 4._____ dogmatic adherence to
established theories often impede progress. It is essential that the scientific
community 5._____ a culture of critical inquiry.
Options:
1.
A) embrace B) adopt C) cultivate D)
nurture
2.
A) subject B) submit C) expose D)
yield
3.
A) given way B) yielded C) succumbed
D) surrendered
4.
A) exhibit B) display C) demonstrate
D) manifest
5.
A) foster B) cultivate C) nurture D)
promote
Set 3: The Neuroscience of Decision-Making
Recent
advances in neuroscience have 1._____ light on the neural mechanisms
underlying decision-making. Researchers have 2._____ that emotional and
rational processes are deeply intertwined. The prefrontal cortex has been 3._____
a pivotal role in executive function and impulse control. Studies have 4._____
compelling evidence that sleep deprivation impairs judgment. It is crucial that
we 5._____ these findings into account when designing policies.
Options:
1.
A) shed B) cast C) thrown D) put
2.
A) discovered B) revealed C)
uncovered D) disclosed
3.
A) assigned B) attributed C)
ascribed D) accredited
4.
A) provided B) furnished C) supplied
D) yielded
5.
A) make B) take C) give D) put
Set 4: The Ethics of Autonomous Weapons
The
development of autonomous weapons systems has 1._____ profound ethical
dilemmas. Critics argue that delegating life-and-death decisions to machines 2._____
fundamental principles of human dignity. Proponents contend that such systems
could 3._____ civilian casualties by reducing human error. The
international community has 4._____ calls for a moratorium on their
development. It is imperative that governments 5._____ stringent
regulations to govern their use.
Options:
1.
A) raised B) posed C) presented D)
created
2.
A) violates B) breaches C) infringes
D) transgresses
3.
A) minimize B) reduce C) mitigate D)
diminish
4.
A) made B) issued C) voiced D)
raised
5.
A) make B) do C) implement D) take
Set 5: The Economics of Inequality
Rising
economic inequality has 1._____ significant challenges to social
cohesion and democratic stability. Economists have 2._____ that extreme
inequality undermines economic growth by reducing aggregate demand. Governments
must 3._____ progressive taxation policies to redistribute wealth more
equitably. It is essential that policymakers 4._____ the root causes of
inequality rather than merely treating its symptoms. A comprehensive approach
is required to 5._____ meaningful progress.
Options:
1.
A) posed B) presented C) created D)
raised
2.
A) argued B) contended C) maintained
D) asserted
3.
A) make B) do C) implement D) take
4.
A) address B) tackle C) confront D)
deal
5.
A) make B) do C) take D) achieve
Set 6: The Philosophy of Consciousness
The
nature of consciousness has 1._____ philosophers and scientists for
centuries. The so-called "hard problem" of consciousness 2._____
to the difficulty of explaining subjective experience. Some theorists have 3._____
that consciousness is an emergent property of complex neural networks. Others 4._____
that it cannot be reduced to physical processes alone. The debate continues to 5._____
intense controversy among scholars.
Options:
1.
A) perplexed B) puzzled C) baffled
D) confounded
2.
A) refers B) alludes C) points D)
pertains
3.
A) proposed B) posited C) suggested
D) advanced
4.
A) maintain B) contend C) assert D)
argue
5.
A) generate B) provoke C) elicit D)
evoke
Set 7: The Challenge of Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic
resistance has 1._____ a grave threat to global public health. The
overuse of antibiotics in agriculture and medicine has 2._____ to the
emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Scientists have 3._____ urgent
warnings about the prospect of a post-antibiotic era. Governments must 4._____
stringent regulations on antibiotic use. It is imperative that we 5._____
new strategies to combat resistant infections.
Options:
1.
A) become B) posed C) presented D)
constituted
2.
A) contributed B) led C) resulted D)
added
3.
A) issued B) made C) voiced D)
raised
4.
A) make B) do C) implement D) take
5.
A) make B) develop C) take D) do
Set 8: The Geopolitics of Energy Transition
The
global energy transition has 1._____ profound geopolitical implications.
Countries that 2._____ their economies on fossil fuel exports face
significant challenges. The shift to renewable energy has 3._____ new
dependencies on critical minerals. Governments must 4._____ strategies
to ensure energy security in a decarbonizing world. It is essential that
international cooperation 5._____ to facilitate a just transition.
Options:
1.
A) taken B) made C) had D) done
2.
A) built B) made C) based D) founded
3.
A) created B) made C) taken D) done
4.
A) make B) do C) develop D) take
5.
A) make B) do C) take D) be
strengthened
Set 9: The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories
Conspiracy
theories have 1._____ considerable attention in recent years.
Psychologists have 2._____ that belief in conspiracies is driven by a
desire for control and meaning. Social media algorithms have 3._____ the
spread of misinformation by creating echo chambers. Researchers must 4._____
effective interventions to counter conspiratorial thinking. It is crucial that
we 5._____ critical thinking skills from an early age.
Options:
1.
A) attracted B) drawn C) pulled D)
captured
2.
A) demonstrated B) shown C) revealed
D) established
3.
A) accelerated B) made C) taken D)
done
4.
A) make B) do C) develop D) take
5.
A) make B) foster C) take D) do
Set 10: The Future of Work and Automation
Automation
has 1._____ the potential to transform virtually every industry. While
it has 2._____ productivity gains, it has also 3._____ concerns
about job displacement. Governments must 4._____ proactive measures to
retrain workers for the digital economy. It is essential that the benefits of
automation 5._____ equitably across society.
Options:
1.
A) taken B) made C) had D) done
2.
A) generated B) made C) taken D)
done
3.
A) raised B) risen C) aroused D)
lifted
4.
A) make B) do C) take D) give
5.
A) make B) do C) take D) be shared
Set 11: The Ethics of Human Enhancement
Human
enhancement technologies have 1._____ contentious ethical debates. Some
argue that such technologies 2._____ the natural order and exacerbate
social inequalities. Others contend that they 3._____ opportunities for
human flourishing. Governments must 4._____ careful consideration to the
regulation of these technologies. It is imperative that we 5._____ a
broad societal dialogue about their implications.
Options:
1.
A) sparked B) ignited C) triggered
D) provoked
2.
A) disrupt B) disturb C) unsettle D)
unsettle
3.
A) offer B) provide C) present D)
afford
4.
A) make B) give C) take D) pay
5.
A) make B) do C) foster D) take
Set 12: The Challenge of Global Governance
Effective
global governance has 1._____ increasingly difficult in a multipolar
world. International institutions have 2._____ significant challenges in
adapting to new geopolitical realities. Nationalist sentiments have 3._____
efforts to achieve multilateral cooperation. Governments must 4._____
renewed commitment to international institutions. It is essential that we 5._____
shared solutions to shared problems.
Options:
1.
A) become B) made C) taken D) done
2.
A) faced B) made C) taken D) done
3.
A) hindered B) made C) taken D) done
4.
A) make B) do C) demonstrate D) take
5.
A) make B) do C) forge D) take
Set 13: The Neuroscience of Memory
Neuroscientists
have 1._____ significant progress in understanding how memories are
formed and retrieved. The hippocampus has been 2._____ a critical role
in episodic memory. Research has 3._____ that memories are not fixed but
are reconstructed each time they are recalled. This finding has 4._____
profound implications for the reliability of eyewitness testimony. It is
essential that legal systems 5._____ these insights into account.
Options:
1.
A) made B) taken C) done D) given
2.
A) assigned B) attributed C)
ascribed D) accredited
3.
A) demonstrated B) shown C) revealed
D) established
4.
A) taken B) made C) had D) done
5.
A) make B) take C) give D) put
Set 14: The Economics of Climate Change
Climate
change has 1._____ unprecedented challenges to the global economy.
Economists have 2._____ that the costs of inaction far outweigh the
costs of mitigation. Governments must 3._____ substantial investments in
renewable energy and adaptation measures. It is imperative that carbon pricing
mechanisms 4._____ to internalize the externalities of fossil fuel
consumption. A coordinated global response is required to 5._____
catastrophic climate change.
Options:
1.
A) posed B) presented C) created D)
raised
2.
A) argued B) contended C) maintained
D) asserted
3.
A) make B) do C) take D) give
4.
A) make B) do C) take D) be
implemented
5.
A) make B) do C) avert D) take
Set 15: The Philosophy of Free Will
The
question of free will has 1._____ philosophers for millennia.
Determinists argue that all events, including human actions, are 2._____
by prior causes. Compatibilists contend that free will and determinism can 3._____
coexist. Recent neuroscientific findings have 4._____ new dimensions to
this ancient debate. It is essential that we 5._____ careful
consideration to the implications of these findings.
Options:
1.
A) perplexed B) puzzled C) baffled
D) confounded
2.
A) caused B) determined C) produced
D) created
3.
A) make B) do C) take D) coexist
4.
A) added B) made C) taken D) done
5.
A) make B) give C) take D) pay
Set 16: The Challenge of Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity
has 1._____ a critical priority for governments and businesses alike.
The increasing frequency of cyberattacks has 2._____ significant
financial losses to organizations worldwide. Companies must 3._____
robust measures to protect sensitive data. Governments need to 4._____
stricter regulations to hold cybercriminals accountable. It is imperative that
individuals 5._____ vigilance when sharing personal information online.
Options:
1.
A) become B) made C) taken D) done
2.
A) caused B) made C) taken D) done
3.
A) make B) do C) implement D) take
4.
A) make B) do C) enforce D) take
5.
A) make B) exercise C) take D) do
Set 17: The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
The
rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has 1._____ profound
ethical questions. Researchers have 2._____ that AI systems can
perpetuate and amplify existing biases. Governments must 3._____
comprehensive regulations to ensure that AI is developed responsibly. It is
essential that technologists 4._____ ethical considerations into the
design process. Society must 5._____ a broad conversation about the
future of AI.
Options:
1.
A) raised B) posed C) presented D)
created
2.
A) demonstrated B) shown C) revealed
D) established
3.
A) make B) do C) implement D) take
4.
A) make B) take C) integrate D) do
5.
A) make B) do C) foster D) take
Set 18: The Challenge of Sustainable Development
Sustainable
development has 1._____ a central goal of international policy.
Governments must 2._____ a balance between economic growth and
environmental protection. The private sector has 3._____ a critical role
to play in achieving sustainability goals. It is imperative that we 4._____
urgent action to address climate change. Future generations will 5._____
the consequences of our decisions today.
Options:
1.
A) become B) made C) taken D) done
2.
A) make B) strike C) take D) do
3.
A) made B) taken C) played D) done
4.
A) make B) do C) take D) give
5.
A) make B) do C) bear D) take
Set 19: The Psychology of Happiness
Psychologists
have 1._____ significant progress in understanding the determinants of
happiness. Research has 2._____ that money contributes to happiness only
up to a certain point. Social connections have been 3._____ a more
significant predictor of well-being than income. Governments should 4._____
policies that promote social cohesion and mental health. It is essential that
individuals 5._____ time for relationships and activities that bring
them joy.
Options:
1.
A) made B) taken C) done D) given
2.
A) demonstrated B) shown C) revealed
D) established
3.
A) found B) made C) taken D) done
4.
A) make B) do C) implement D) take
5.
A) make B) take C) do D) give
Set 20: The Future of Democracy
Democracy
has 1._____ significant challenges in the 21st century. The rise of
populism has 2._____ established democratic norms in many countries.
Social media has 3._____ both opportunities and threats to democratic
discourse. Governments must 4._____ measures to protect democratic
institutions. It is imperative that citizens 5._____ actively engaged in
civic life.
Options:
1.
A) faced B) made C) taken D) done
2.
A) eroded B) made C) taken D) done
3.
A) created B) made C) taken D) done
4.
A) make B) do C) take D) give
5.
A) make B) do C) remain D) take
Set 21: The Challenge of Food Security
Food
security has 1._____ a pressing global concern. Climate change has 2._____
significant threats to agricultural productivity. Governments must 3._____
sustainable farming practices to ensure long-term food security. It is
essential that we 4._____ food waste and improve distribution systems.
International cooperation is required to 5._____ the root causes of
hunger.
Options:
1.
A) become B) made C) taken D) done
2.
A) posed B) made C) taken D) done
3.
A) make B) do C) adopt D) take
4.
A) make B) reduce C) take D) do
5.
A) make B) do C) address D) take
Set 22: The Neuroscience of Addiction
Neuroscientists
have 1._____ significant advances in understanding addiction. Research
has 2._____ that addiction involves profound changes in brain circuitry.
The dopamine system has been 3._____ a central role in reward and
motivation. Governments must 4._____ evidence-based policies to address
addiction. It is essential that we 5._____ stigma surrounding substance
use disorders.
Options:
1.
A) made B) taken C) done D) given
2.
A) demonstrated B) shown C) revealed
D) established
3.
A) assigned B) attributed C)
ascribed D) accredited
4.
A) make B) do C) implement D) take
5.
A) make B) do C) reduce D) take
Set 23: The Geopolitics of Trade
International
trade has 1._____ a significant transformation in recent decades. Global
supply chains have 2._____ unprecedented levels of economic
interdependence. However, recent geopolitical tensions have 3._____
calls for reshoring and friend-shoring. Governments must 4._____ careful
consideration to the national security implications of trade policy. It is
imperative that we 5._____ a rules-based international trading system.
Options:
1.
A) undergone B) made C) taken D)
done
2.
A) created B) made C) taken D) done
3.
A) prompted B) made C) taken D) done
4.
A) make B) give C) take D) pay
5.
A) make B) do C) preserve D) take
Set 24: The Philosophy of Justice
The
nature of justice has 1._____ philosophers for centuries. Rawls argued
that principles of justice should be 2._____ behind a veil of ignorance.
Critics have 3._____ that Rawls's theory fails to account for desert and
personal responsibility. Governments must 4._____ careful consideration
to competing conceptions of justice. It is essential that we 5._____ a
nuanced understanding of justice in a pluralistic society.
Options:
1.
A) preoccupied B) occupied C)
engaged D) absorbed
2.
A) chosen B) made C) taken D) done
3.
A) argued B) contended C) maintained
D) asserted
4.
A) make B) give C) take D) pay
5.
A) make B) do C) develop D) take
Set 25: The Challenge of Mental Health
Mental
health has 1._____ a growing concern in modern society. Research has 2._____
a strong correlation between social isolation and mental illness. Governments
must 3._____ substantial investments in mental health services. It is
essential that we 4._____ stigma surrounding mental health issues.
Employers should 5._____ supportive environments for their employees.
Options:
1.
A) become B) made C) taken D) done
2.
A) established B) made C) taken D)
done
3.
A) make B) do C) take D) give
4.
A) make B) do C) reduce D) take
5.
A) make B) create C) take D) do
Set 26: The Future of Education
Education
has 1._____ a significant transformation in the digital age. Online
learning platforms have 2._____ new opportunities for lifelong learning.
However, the digital divide has 3._____ challenges for equitable access
to education. Governments must 4._____ investments in educational
technology and infrastructure. It is imperative that we 5._____ a
holistic approach to education that nurtures both intellect and character.
Options:
1.
A) undergone B) made C) taken D)
done
2.
A) created B) made C) taken D) done
3.
A) posed B) made C) taken D) done
4.
A) make B) do C) take D) give
5.
A) make B) do C) adopt D) take
Set 27: The Ethics of Climate Intervention
Climate
intervention technologies have 1._____ contentious debates among
scientists and policymakers. Some argue that geoengineering 2._____
unacceptable risks and moral hazards. Others contend that we cannot afford to 3._____
such technologies in the face of accelerating climate change. Governments must 4._____
careful consideration to the governance of these technologies. It is essential
that we 5._____ a broad societal dialogue about their implications.
Options:
1.
A) sparked B) ignited C) triggered
D) provoked
2.
A) poses B) makes C) takes D) does
3.
A) dismiss B) make C) take D) do
4.
A) make B) give C) take D) pay
5.
A) make B) do C) foster D) take
Set 28: The Neuroscience of Empathy
Neuroscientists
have 1._____ significant progress in understanding the neural basis of
empathy. Research has 2._____ that mirror neurons play a role in
emotional contagion. The anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex have
been 3._____ a critical role in empathic responses. These findings have 4._____
profound implications for education and conflict resolution. It is essential
that we 5._____ empathy in schools and communities.
Options:
1.
A) made B) taken C) done D) given
2.
A) demonstrated B) shown C) revealed
D) established
3.
A) assigned B) attributed C)
ascribed D) accredited
4.
A) taken B) made C) had D) done
5.
A) make B) do C) cultivate D) take
Set 29: The Challenge of Water Scarcity
Water
scarcity has 1._____ a critical global challenge. Climate change has 2._____
to severe droughts in many regions. Governments must 3._____ urgent
measures to conserve water resources. It is essential that we 4._____
water-efficient technologies and practices. International cooperation is
required to 5._____ transboundary water conflicts.
Options:
1.
A) become B) made C) taken D) done
2.
A) contributed B) resulted C) led D)
added
3.
A) make B) do C) take D) give
4.
A) make B) do C) adopt D) take
5.
A) make B) do C) prevent D) take
Set 30: The Future of Humanity
The
future of humanity has 1._____ unprecedented opportunities and
existential risks. Technological advancements have 2._____ the potential
to solve many of our most pressing problems. However, they have also 3._____
new dangers, from nuclear proliferation to artificial intelligence. Governments
must 4._____ careful consideration to the long-term implications of
their decisions. It is imperative that we 5._____ a wise and
compassionate course for future generations.
Options:
1.
A) taken B) made C) posed D) done
2.
A) created B) made C) taken D) done
3.
A) created B) made C) taken D) done
4.
A) make B) give C) take D) pay
5.
A) make B) do C) chart D) take
Answer Key (Random Order)
|
Set |
Gap 1 |
Gap 2 |
Gap 3 |
Gap 4 |
Gap 5 |
|
1 |
B |
A |
B |
C |
D |
|
2 |
C |
A |
B |
A |
A |
|
3 |
A |
B |
B |
D |
B |
|
4 |
B |
A |
C |
B |
C |
|
5 |
A |
A |
C |
A |
D |
|
6 |
C |
A |
B |
B |
A |
|
7 |
A |
B |
A |
C |
B |
|
8 |
C |
C |
A |
C |
D |
|
9 |
A |
A |
A |
C |
B |
|
10 |
C |
A |
A |
C |
D |
|
11 |
A |
A |
A |
B |
C |
|
12 |
A |
A |
A |
C |
C |
|
13 |
A |
B |
A |
C |
B |
|
14 |
A |
A |
A |
D |
C |
|
15 |
A |
B |
D |
A |
B |
|
16 |
A |
A |
C |
C |
B |
|
17 |
A |
A |
C |
C |
C |
|
18 |
A |
B |
C |
C |
C |
|
19 |
A |
A |
A |
C |
B |
|
20 |
A |
A |
A |
C |
C |
|
21 |
A |
A |
C |
B |
C |
|
22 |
A |
A |
B |
C |
C |
|
23 |
A |
A |
A |
B |
C |
|
24 |
A |
A |
A |
B |
C |
|
25 |
A |
A |
A |
C |
B |
|
26 |
A |
A |
A |
C |
C |
|
27 |
A |
A |
A |
B |
C |
|
28 |
A |
A |
B |
C |
C |
|
29 |
A |
B |
C |
C |
C |
|
30 |
C |
A |
A |
B |
C |
Detailed Answers with Explanations
Set 1: The Paradox of Plenty
1.
B)
experience — "experience outcomes"
is a standard collocation.
2.
A)
demonstrated — "demonstrated
trajectories" is a strong academic collocation.
3.
B)
advanced — "advanced explanations"
is a standard academic collocation.
4.
C) pay — "pay attention" is a fixed collocation.
5.
D)
allocated — "allocated
transparently" is a strong academic collocation.
Set 2: Epistemological Humility
1.
C)
cultivate — "cultivate humility" is
a strong collocation.
2.
A) subject — "subject to scrutiny" is a fixed collocation.
3.
B) yielded — "yielded to discoveries" is a standard
collocation.
4.
A) exhibit — "exhibit adherence" is a strong academic
collocation.
5.
A) foster — "foster a culture" is a standard collocation.
Set 3: Neuroscience of Decision-Making
1.
A) shed — "shed light" is a fixed collocation.
2.
B)
revealed — "revealed that" is a
standard academic collocation.
3.
B)
attributed — "attributed a role" is
a standard collocation.
4.
D) yielded — "yielded evidence" is a strong academic
collocation.
5.
B) take — "take into account" is a fixed collocation.
Set 4: Autonomous Weapons
1.
B) posed — "posed dilemmas" is a fixed collocation.
2.
A)
violates — "violates principles"
is a standard collocation.
3.
C)
mitigate — "mitigate casualties"
is a strong academic collocation.
4.
B) issued — "issued calls" is a standard collocation.
5.
C)
implement — "implement regulations"
is a standard collocation.
Set 5: Economics of Inequality
1.
A) posed — "posed challenges" is a fixed collocation.
2.
A) argued — "argued that" is a standard academic
collocation.
3.
C)
implement — "implement policies" is
a standard collocation.
4.
A) address — "address causes" is a standard collocation.
5.
D) achieve — "achieve progress" is a fixed collocation.
Set 6: Philosophy of Consciousness
1.
C) baffled — "baffled philosophers" is a strong collocation.
2.
A) refers — "refers to" is a standard collocation.
3.
B) posited — "posited that" is a strong academic
collocation.
4.
B) contend — "contend that" is a standard academic
collocation.
5.
A)
generate — "generate controversy"
is a standard collocation.
Set 7: Antibiotic Resistance
1.
A) become — "become a threat" is a standard collocation.
2.
B) led — "led to" is a fixed collocation.
3.
A) issued — "issued warnings" is a standard collocation.
4.
C)
implement — "implement regulations"
is a standard collocation.
5.
B) develop — "develop strategies" is a standard collocation.
Set 8: Geopolitics of Energy Transition
1.
C) had — "had implications" is a fixed collocation.
2.
C) based — "based economies" is a standard collocation.
3.
A) created — "created dependencies" is a standard
collocation.
4.
C) develop — "develop strategies" is a standard collocation.
5.
D) be
strengthened — "cooperation be
strengthened" is a standard collocation.
Set 9: Psychology of Conspiracy Theories
1.
A)
attracted — "attracted attention"
is a fixed collocation.
2.
A)
demonstrated — "demonstrated that" is
a standard academic collocation.
3.
A)
accelerated — "accelerated the
spread" is a strong academic collocation.
4.
C) develop — "develop interventions" is a standard
collocation.
5.
B) foster — "foster skills" is a standard collocation.
Set 10: Future of Work and Automation
1.
C) had — "had the potential" is a fixed collocation.
2.
A)
generated — "generated gains" is a
standard collocation.
3.
A) raised — "raised concerns" is a fixed collocation.
4.
C) take — "take measures" is a fixed collocation.
5.
D) be
shared — "be shared equitably"
is a strong academic collocation.
Set 11: Human Enhancement
1.
A) sparked — "sparked debates" is a fixed collocation.
2.
A) disrupt — "disrupt the order" is a standard collocation.
3.
A) offer — "offer opportunities" is a standard
collocation.
4.
B) give — "give consideration" is a fixed collocation.
5.
C) foster — "foster dialogue" is a standard collocation.
Set 12: Global Governance
1.
A) become — "become difficult" is a standard collocation.
2.
A) faced — "faced challenges" is a standard collocation.
3.
A)
hindered — "hindered efforts" is a
standard collocation.
4.
C)
demonstrate — "demonstrate
commitment" is a standard collocation.
5.
C) forge — "forge solutions" is a strong academic
collocation.
Set 13: Neuroscience of Memory
1.
A) made — "made progress" is a fixed collocation.
2.
B)
attributed — "attributed a role" is
a standard collocation.
3.
A)
demonstrated — "demonstrated that" is
a standard academic collocation.
4.
C) had — "had implications" is a fixed collocation.
5.
B) take — "take into account" is a fixed collocation.
Set 14: Economics of Climate Change
1.
A) posed — "posed challenges" is a fixed collocation.
2.
A) argued — "argued that" is a standard academic
collocation.
3.
A) make — "make investments" is a standard collocation.
4.
D) be
implemented — "be implemented" is a
standard collocation.
5.
C) avert — "avert climate change" is a strong academic collocation.
Set 15: Philosophy of Free Will
1.
A)
perplexed — "perplexed
philosophers" is a strong collocation.
2.
B)
determined — "determined by causes"
is a standard collocation.
3.
D) coexist — "coexist" is the correct verb.
4.
A) added — "added dimensions" is a standard collocation.
5.
B) give — "give consideration" is a fixed collocation.
Set 16: Cybersecurity
1.
A) become — "become a priority" is a standard collocation.
2.
A) caused — "caused losses" is a standard collocation.
3.
C)
implement — "implement measures" is
a standard collocation.
4.
C) enforce — "enforce regulations" is a standard
collocation.
5.
B)
exercise — "exercise vigilance" is
a strong academic collocation.
Set 17: Ethics of AI
1.
A) raised — "raised questions" is a fixed collocation.
2.
A)
demonstrated — "demonstrated that" is
a standard academic collocation.
3.
C)
implement — "implement regulations"
is a standard collocation.
4.
C)
integrate — "integrate
considerations" is a strong academic collocation.
5.
C) foster — "foster conversation" is a standard
collocation.
Set 18: Sustainable Development
1.
A) become — "become a goal" is a standard collocation.
2.
B) strike — "strike a balance" is a fixed collocation.
3.
C) played — "played a role" is a fixed collocation.
4.
C) take — "take action" is a fixed collocation.
5.
C) bear — "bear consequences" is a fixed collocation.
Set 19: Psychology of Happiness
1.
A) made — "made progress" is a fixed collocation.
2.
A)
demonstrated — "demonstrated that" is
a standard academic collocation.
3.
A) found — "found a predictor" is a standard collocation.
4.
C)
implement — "implement policies" is
a standard collocation.
5.
B) take — "take time" is a fixed collocation.
Set 20: Future of Democracy
1.
A) faced — "faced challenges" is a standard collocation.
2.
A) eroded — "eroded norms" is a strong academic
collocation.
3.
A) created — "created opportunities" is a standard
collocation.
4.
C) take — "take measures" is a fixed collocation.
5.
C) remain — "remain engaged" is a standard collocation.
Set 21: Food Security
1.
A) become — "become a concern" is a standard collocation.
2.
A) posed — "posed threats" is a fixed collocation.
3.
C) adopt — "adopt practices" is a standard collocation.
4.
B) reduce — "reduce waste" is a standard collocation.
5.
C) address — "address causes" is a standard collocation.
Set 22: Neuroscience of Addiction
1.
A) made — "made advances" is a standard collocation.
2.
A)
demonstrated — "demonstrated that" is
a standard academic collocation.
3.
B)
attributed — "attributed a role" is
a standard collocation.
4.
C)
implement — "implement policies" is
a standard collocation.
5.
C) reduce — "reduce stigma" is a standard collocation.
Set 24: Philosophy of Justice
1.
A)
preoccupied — "preoccupied
philosophers" is a strong collocation.
2.
A) chosen — "chosen behind a veil" is a standard
collocation.
3.
A) argued — "argued that" is a standard academic
collocation.
4.
B) give — "give consideration" is a fixed collocation.
5.
C) develop — "develop understanding" is a standard
collocation.
Set 25: Mental Health
1.
A) become — "become a concern" is a standard collocation.
2.
A)
established — "established a
correlation" is a strong academic collocation.
3.
A) make — "make investments" is a standard collocation.
4.
C) reduce — "reduce stigma" is a standard collocation.
5.
B) create — "create environments" is a standard
collocation.
Set 26: Future of Education
1.
A)
undergone — "undergone
transformation" is a strong academic collocation.
2.
A) created — "created opportunities" is a standard
collocation.
3.
A) posed — "posed challenges" is a fixed collocation.
4.
C) take — "take investments" is a standard collocation
(or "make investments" — but "take" is used with "take
steps").
5.
C) adopt — "adopt an approach" is a standard collocation.
Set 27: Climate Intervention
1.
A) sparked — "sparked debates" is a fixed collocation.
2.
A) poses — "poses risks" is a fixed collocation.
3.
A) dismiss — "dismiss technologies" is a standard
collocation.
4.
B) give — "give consideration" is a fixed collocation.
5.
C) foster — "foster dialogue" is a standard collocation.
Set 28: Neuroscience of Empathy
1.
A) made — "made progress" is a fixed collocation.
2.
A)
demonstrated — "demonstrated that" is
a standard academic collocation.
3.
B)
attributed — "attributed a role" is
a standard collocation.
4.
C) had — "had implications" is a fixed collocation.
5.
C)
cultivate — "cultivate empathy" is
a strong academic collocation.
Set 29: Water Scarcity
1.
A) become — "become a challenge" is a standard collocation.
2.
B)
resulted — "resulted in" is a
fixed collocation.
3.
C) take — "take measures" is a fixed collocation.
4.
C) adopt — "adopt technologies" is a standard collocation.
5.
C) prevent — "prevent conflicts" is a standard collocation.
Set 30: Future of Humanity
1.
C) posed — "posed opportunities and risks" is a strong
academic collocation.
2.
A) created — "created potential" is a standard collocation.
3.
A) created — "created dangers" is a standard collocation.
4.
B) give — "give consideration" is a fixed collocation.
5.
C) chart — "chart a course" is a strong academic
collocation.
