A Day ( a poem) class 12 compulsory English by Emily Dickinson

Summary

"A Day" is a poem by Emily Dickinson that beautifully captures the transition from dawn to dusk, using vivid imagery and metaphor to explore the nature of day and its cyclical pattern. Here’s a summary:

The poem begins by describing the rising of the sun, likened to a "little yellow man" who climbs up the eastern sky. This imagery suggests the beginning of the day as something gentle and gradual. As the sun ascends, it illuminates the landscape, awakening the "hills untied their bonnets" and the "bobolinks" (a type of bird) begin to sing, symbolizing the start of life and activity.

As the day progresses, the poem shifts to the afternoon when the sun reaches its zenith, described as the "steeples swam in amethyst." This imagery highlights the beauty and vibrancy of the day at its peak.

The poem concludes with the setting of the sun, which is portrayed as a "dominie" (a schoolmaster or preacher) leading children away, symbolizing the end of the day and the approach of night. The sun's descent is gentle, akin to a "ferris wheel" slowing down, suggesting a peaceful conclusion to the day's cycle.

Overall, "A Day" uses simple yet evocative language to depict the natural rhythm of a day, from the joyous beginning of dawn to the serene closure at dusk. It reflects on the beauty of nature and the passage of time, emphasizing the cyclical and transient nature of life.

Theme of this poem

Emily Dickinson's poem "A Day" explores the theme of the natural cycle of life and the passage of time. Through the metaphor of a single day, the poem reflects the stages of human life, from birth to death. The sunrise symbolizes the beginning of life, filled with potential and innocence, as represented by the "little yellow man" who climbs the sky. The peak of the day, with "steeples swam in amethyst," represents the height of life's experiences and the vibrancy of youth and maturity. As the day progresses towards sunset, the imagery of a "dominie" leading children suggests the guidance and inevitability of life's end, with the descent into night symbolizing the passage into death.

The poem also emphasizes the transient nature of life and the beauty inherent in everyday moments. Dickinson's vivid descriptions of the day's progression invite readers to reflect on the ephemeral quality of time and the cycles of nature. The gentle, inevitable transition from day to night mirrors the life cycle, reminding us of the continuity and inevitability of change. Through this lens, "A Day" encourages an appreciation of the beauty and simplicity of daily life, as well as a contemplation of the mysteries and certainties that define human existence.

Answer the following questions.

a. How does the poet describe the morning sun in the first stanza?

The poet describes the morning sun as a sign of happiness in the first stanza. The sun's beams resembled a series of loosely knotted ribbons. In a flash, everything became crystal clear. The steeple of the church took on an amethyst hue as a result. Then, the news of the sun's arrival travels as quickly as a squirrel's quick movements.

b. What does the line ‘The news like squirrels ran’ means?

The meaning of the line 'The news like squirrels ran' is that the pace of spread of the news of sunrise was so quick, as is the squirrels speed. Squirrels are faster-running creatures. The light of the sun spreads rapidly. That is why; the poet used the metaphor of 'The news like squirrels ran' to indicate that the news of sunrise was faster like the speed of squirrels.

c. What do you understand by the line ‘The hills untied their bonnets’?

The hills are in the cap (bonnet) of darkness before the sun rises. Bonnets mean a special type of hat which can be tied under the chin. Before sunrise, the hills seemed darker and gloomier as they were not happy. But as soon as the sun emerges and the sun rays fall on hills, they become so happy and excited. They unveil their greenery and beauty by removing their bonnets. All hills appear lovely in excellent green colour after sunrise. The hills are characterized as they loosen their caps like ladies. Hence, the hills seem to be removing their hats in a frenzied manner, after the sunrise is what the above phrase means.

d. Is the speaker watching the morning sun? Why? Why not?

No, the speaker is not watching the morning sun because he is not doing the real-time narration of the morning sun. 'I’ll tell you how the Sun rose’ means that the speaker has witnessed the sun rise and the changes following the sun rise, and at the present moment he is describing what he saw to his friends who woke up later in the morning. 

e. How does the sun set?

The speaker is really unknown to the sunset. All he knows is that the sun goes away taking all the happiness, joy and leaves the unhappy and gloomy dark when it sets, he doesn't know where. The slowly turning purple and yellow hues signal the sun's setting, but since he is unclear, he doesn't know how exactly the sun set.

Long Questions

Discuss the use of metaphor in Emily Dickinson's poem "A Day." How does it contribute to the poem's overall meaning?

In "A Day," Dickinson uses metaphor to personify elements of the day, such as describing the sunrise as a "little yellow man" and the sunset as a "dominie" leading children. These metaphors enhance the imagery and evoke a sense of gentle progression and cyclical nature. The sun's journey across the sky becomes a narrative of life, from the innocence of dawn to the wisdom of dusk, suggesting the natural flow of time and the beauty of each phase of the day.

Analyze the theme of the cycle of life as presented in the poem "A Day." How does Emily Dickinson convey this theme through her imagery and language?

The theme of the cycle of life is central to "A Day." Dickinson uses the journey of the sun as a metaphor for the human life cycle. The poem starts with the freshness of morning, symbolizing birth and new beginnings, and moves to the fullness of the day, representing maturity and peak life experiences. The descent into sunset suggests aging and the approach of death, which is portrayed as peaceful and inevitable. Through vivid imagery and gentle language, Dickinson conveys the idea that life, like a day, is a beautiful and natural cycle that progresses through different stages.

How does Emily Dickinson's "A Day" reflect her characteristic style and themes? Provide examples from the poem.

"A Day" reflects Dickinson's characteristic style through its concise yet rich imagery, use of metaphor, and exploration of profound themes such as the passage of time and the beauty of nature. Her use of unconventional punctuation and capitalization adds emphasis and rhythm to the poem. For example, the description of the "little yellow man" and "steeples swam in amethyst" showcases her ability to transform ordinary observations into vivid, poetic experiences. The poem's exploration of the day's cycle also reflects Dickinson's interest in themes of mortality and the natural world.

Emily Dickinson's poem "A Day" employs various literary devices that enhance its meaning and emotional impact. Here are some of the key literary devices used in the poem:

Metaphor:

The entire poem uses the day as a metaphor for the human life cycle. The rising sun symbolizes birth, the peak of the day represents the prime of life, and the setting sun signifies death or the end of life.

Imagery:

Dickinson uses vivid imagery to paint a picture of the day's progression. For example, the description of the "little yellow man" climbing the sky evokes the gentle rise of the sun, while "steeples swam in amethyst" creates a rich visual of the midday sky.

Personification:

The sun is personified as a "little yellow man" and a "dominie" (a preacher or schoolmaster), which adds a human quality to the natural elements, making the day’s journey more relatable and vivid.

Symbolism:

The sun symbolizes life and vitality, while its journey across the sky represents the passage of time and life’s stages. The bobolinks, a type of bird mentioned in the poem, symbolize the start of life and the awakening of nature in the morning.

Simile:

Similes are used to enhance the descriptive quality of the poem, such as comparing the setting sun to a preacher leading children, which adds a serene and orderly quality to the depiction of sunset.

Alliteration:

The poem employs alliteration, which is the repetition of consonant sounds, to create a musical quality and emphasize certain lines, such as "steeples swam in amethyst."

Tone:

The tone of the poem is contemplative and serene, reflecting a calm and accepting view of the natural cycle of life and death.

Contrast:

The poem contrasts the bright, vibrant imagery of the day with the gentle, calming imagery of the sunset, highlighting the different phases of life and the natural progression from vitality to rest.

The Selfish Giant ( a story) class 11 compulsory English By Oscar Wilde

 

Summary

"The Selfish Giant" is a short story by Oscar Wilde, first published in 1888 as part of his collection The Happy Prince and Other Tales. Here’s a summary:

The story revolves around a Giant who owns a beautiful garden. Children love playing in the garden, especially when the Giant is away. However, the Giant, being selfish, builds a high wall around his garden to keep the children out, posting a notice that trespassers will be prosecuted.

As a result, Spring stops coming to the garden, and it remains in perpetual Winter. The garden becomes bleak and cold, with no flowers blooming and no birds singing. The Giant does not understand why his garden is so desolate while the rest of the world enjoys the beauty of Spring.

One day, the children find a way back into the garden through a hole in the wall. As they play, the garden starts to bloom again, bringing back the beauty of Spring. The Giant, seeing this, realizes how selfish he has been and his heart melts. He knocks down the wall and welcomes the children back, enjoying their laughter and the return of nature’s beauty to his garden.

However, one small boy, who is different from the others, touches the Giant deeply. This boy, whom the Giant once saw struggling to climb a tree, later reappears with wounds on his hands and feet. The boy reveals that these are the wounds of love and tells the Giant that he has been invited to his garden, which is paradise. The Giant, realizing who the boy really is, is filled with peace.

Years later, the Giant is found dead in the garden, covered in blossoms, signifying that he has gone to paradise with the boy, who is implied to be a Christ-like figure. The story ends with the notion that the Giant's soul has found rest in eternal peace and beauty.

 

Long Questions

1) Discuss the transformation of the Giant's character throughout the story. What events lead to this change?

The Giant starts as a selfish character who is unwilling to share his garden with the children. His realization of the joy and beauty the children bring to the garden, and the arrival of Spring with them, leads him to understand the value of generosity and love. His encounter with the small boy, who he later realizes has wounds resembling those of Christ, deeply touches him, ultimately leading to his complete transformation into a kind and loving figure.

2.) Analyze the symbolic significance of the garden in "The Selfish Giant." What does it represent in the story?

The garden symbolizes the Giant's heart and soul. When he is selfish, the garden becomes cold and barren, mirroring his emotional state. When he opens his heart to the children, the garden flourishes, symbolizing the warmth and beauty that generosity and kindness bring to life. The changing seasons in the garden also reflect the themes of redemption and the cycle of life and renewal.

3.) What is the significance of the small boy with wounds on his hands and feet in the story? How does his presence influence the Giant?

The small boy with wounds on his hands and feet symbolizes a Christ-like figure, representing love, sacrifice, and redemption. His presence and the wounds, which evoke the crucifixion, deeply affect the Giant, prompting him to realize the consequences of his selfishness. This encounter leads the Giant to a profound understanding of love and generosity, ultimately bringing him peace and redemption. The boy's invitation to the Giant to join him in his garden (paradise) signifies the Giant's spiritual awakening and redemption.

Reference beyond text

a. What is the main theme of the story?

The main theme of this story is selfishness and love. It is the story of transformation of selfish giant into selfless giant. At the beginning of the story, the giant was very selfish and wicked towards the children and he closes the gate of beautiful garden for them. But later he realizes his mistake when the children stop coming to the garden and the garden never experiences the spring season until and unless he allows them to play in his garden. At this point he realizes the meaning of love and sharing. This story is very much relatable to the nature of human beings. We hardly share our belongings to anyone if somebody is needy and we are selfish too. This story teaches us to share love and compassion to get love in return.

b. Does God punish those who are cruel to children and very selfish?

Yes, God punishes those who are cruel to children and very selfish. As in the story, Giant has really been so cruel to the children and selfish and he didn’t let them play on the garden because of which spring never came in his garden. In the absence of children birds also did not sing. Once a flower bloomed out of the grass but after seeing the notice board, it also went back to sleep. Then came the North Wind and the hailstorm. Due to the giant’s selfishness, autumn’s golden fruits also did not come to his garden. In this way god punishes to those who are cruel to children and very selfish.

When the little child smiled at the Giant, and said to him, "You let me play once in your garden, today you shall come with me to my garden, which is Paradise," shortly afterwards, the happy giant dies. What is the coincidence of this event? Describe it in relation to this fairy story.

The coincidence of this event once, the giant let the little child play in his garden and make him happy and today the same child wants to take him to his garden paradise to make him happy in return, which means the final time of the gaint has come and the little child is a messenger/ fairy who wants him to the heaven because of his noble works.

Short questions & answers

1. The story makes use of personification as one of the main figures of speech. Cite three examples of personification from the story. What is the significance of the seasons personified in the story?

The practice of representing the objects, qualities etc. as the human beings in art and literature is called personification. Three examples of personification from the story are the beautiful little flowers that slips back into the garden after seeing the notice board, the snow and the frost who says that the spring has forgotten this garden.

The story has the significance of the seasons personified. At the beginning, the seasons bless the garden with pleasant weather until the Giant sends the children away from his garden. Because of the Giant’s unkindness to the children, the spring season leaves the garden. The seasons disfavor indicates that the Giant’s selfishness goes against the natural order and thus deserves punishment. Thus the significance of the seasons personification is to show that if someone does bad then he/she will deserve the bad.

2. This story can be read as a fairy story, where the children, the seasons, the tree, the corner of the garden, the snow, the wind and the frost are all used as symbolism. Interpret those symbols.

The story ‘The Selfish Giant’ is a fairy tale. Here, the children symbolize innocence, love, compassion and blessings. Likewise the seasons represents life and death. The tree symbolizes patience and hope. The corner of the garden depicts the paradise. Finally the snow, the wind and the frost symbolize pain, suffering and discomfort.

3. Which figure of speech is used for ‘winter, frost, snow, north wind, hail and little child’? Who is the little child compared to?

As a fairy tale, the story is full of figures of speech. The figure of speech is used for ‘winter, frost, snow, north wind, hail and little child’ is personification. The little child is compared to the God Almighty (Paradise). 

List of verbs

 Verbs

Verbs are mainly divided in two types i.e. Main Verb and Auxiliary verbs.

A)     Main verb: It is also called the principal verbs which is the most important verb in sentence creation.  It has found five different verb forms v1,v2,v3,v4 & v5.

It is mainly categorized in two sub-types as shown:

        i)            Regular Verb                                                                    ii) Irregular   

      ii)            Regular verb: Those verbs whose verb 2 and 3 are same –ed for are called regular verbs. For e.g. played, watched

ii)       Irregular verbs: Those verbs whose verb 2 and 3 are not same are called irregular verbs. For e.g. went, gone

Verb 1	Verb 2	Verb 3	Verb 4	Verb 5
play	played	played	playing	Plays
watch	watched	watched	watching	watches
do	did	done	doing	Does
go	went	gone	going	goes

List of 1000+ V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 Words

Regular Verbs
V1 (infinitive)	V2 (d,ed)	V3 (d,ed)	V5 (s,es,ies)	v4 (ing)
Add	Added	Added	Adds	Adding
Access	Accessed	Accessed	Accesses	Accessing
Alert	Alerted	Alerted	Alerts	Alertin
Amuse	Amused	Amused	Amuses	Amusing
Admire	Admired	Admired	Admires	Admiring
Avoid	Avoided	Avoided	Avoids	Avoiding
Ask	Asked	Asked	Asks	Asking
Appear	Appeared	Appeared	Appears	Appearing
Allow	Allowed	Allowed	Allows	Allowing
Arrange	Arranged	Arranged	Arranges	Arranging
Attract	Attracted	Attracted	Attracts	Attracting
Answer	Answered	Answered	Answers	Answering
Assert	Asserted	Asserted	Asserts	Asserting
Annoy	Annoyed	Annoyed	Annoys	Annoying
Argue	Argued	Argued	Argues	Arguing
Admit	Admitted	Admitted	Admits	Admitting
Assist	Assisted	Assisted	Assists	Assisting
Attend	Attended	Attended	Attends	Attending
Attach	Attached	Attached	Attaches	Attaching
Analyse	Analysed	Analysed	Analyses	Analysing
Bake	Baked	Baked	Bakes	Baking
Belong	Belonged	Belonged	Belongs	Belonging
Beg	Begged	Begged	Begs	Begging
Bat	Batted	Batted	Bats	Batting
Boil	Boiled	Boiled	Boils	Boiling
Beam	Beamed	Beamed	Beams	Beaming
Blush	Blushed	Blushed	Blushes	Blushing
Brush	Brushed	Brushed	Brushes	Brushing
Burn	Burned	Burned	Burns	Burning
Bathe	Bathed	Bathed	Bathes	Bathing
Blink	Blinked	Blinked	Blinks	Blinking
Bolt	Bolted	Bolted	Bolts	Bolting
Branch	Branched	Branched	Branches	Branching
Bless	Blessed	Blessed	Blesses	Blessing
Boast	Boasted	Boasted	Boasts	Boasting
Book	Booked	Booked	Books	Booking
Bounce	Bounced	Bounced	Bounces	Bouncing
Bury	Buried	Buried	Buries	Burying
Bang	Banged	Banged	Bangs	Banging
Bruise	Bruised	Bruised	Bruises	Bruising
Bow	Bowed	Bowed	Bows	Bowing
Borrow	Borrowed	Borrowed	Borrows	Borrowing
Call	Called	Called	Calls	Calling
Complete	Completed	Completed	Completes	Completing
Crush	Crushed	Crushed	Crushes	Crushing
Curse	Cursed	Cursed	Curses	Cursing
Crouch	Crouched	Crouched	Crouches	Crouching
Cover	Covered	Covered	Covers	Covering
Claim	Claimed	Claimed	Claims	Claiming
Compare	Compared	Compared	Compares	Comparing
Carry	Carried	Carried	Carries	Carrying
Care	Cared	Cared	Cares	Caring
Cycle	Cycled	Cycled	Cycles	Cycling
Cry	Cried	Cried	Cries	Crying
Chase	Chased	Chased	Chases	Chasing
Colour	Coloured	Coloured	Colours	Colouring
Comb	Combed	Combed	Combs	Combing
Copy	Copied	Copied	Copies	Copying
Crumble	Crumbled	Crumbled	Crumbles	Crumbling
Coach	Coached	Coached	Coaches	Coaching
Change	Changed	Changed	Changes	Changing
Collect	Collected	Collected	Collects	Collecting
Collate	Collated	Collated	Collates	Collating
Cheer	Cheered	Cheered	Cheers	Cheering
Collaborate	Collaborated	Collaborated	Collaborates	Collaborating
Close	Closed	Closed	Closes	Closing
Continue	Continued	Continued	Continues	Continuing
Clip	Clipped	Clipped	Clips	Clipping
Charge	Charged	Charged	Charges	Charging
Curl	Curled	Curled	Curls	Curling
Consider	Considered	Considered	Considers	Considering
Correct	Corrected	Corrected	Corrects	Correcting
Connect	Connected	Connected	Connects	Connecting
Command	Commanded	Commanded	Commands	Commanding
Demand	Demanded	Demanded	Demands	Demanding
Deliver	Delivered	Delivered	Delivers	Delivering
Delve	Delved	Delved	Delves	Delving
Delay	Delayed	Delayed	Delays	Delaying
Decay	Decayed	Decayed	Decays	Decaying
Develop	Developed	Developed	Develops	Developing
Drag	Dragged	Dragged	Drags	Dragging
Dust	Dusted	Dusted	Dusts	Dusting
Dream	Dreamed	Dreamed	Dreams	Dreaming
Disappear	Disappeared	Disappeared	Disappears	Disappearing
Decorate	Decorated	Decorated	Decorates	Decorating
Dry	Dried	Dried	Dries	Drying
Dress	Dressed	Dressed	Dresses	Dressing
Destroy	Destroyed	Destroyed	Destroys	Destroying
Delight	Delighted	Delighted	Delights	Delighting
Deceive	Deceived	Deceived	Deceives	Deceiving
Drain	Drained	Drained	Drains	Draining
Divide	Divided	Divided	Divides	Dividing
Drop	Dropped	Dropped	Drops	Dropping
Depend	Depended	Depended	Depends	Depending
Discover	Discovered	Discovered	Discovers	Discovering
Dilute	Diluted	Diluted	Dilutes	Diluting
Describe	Described	Described	Describes	Describing
Drown	Drowned	Drowned	Drowns	Drowning
Doubt	Doubted	Doubted	Doubts	Doubting
Drip	Dripped	Dripped	Drips	Dripping
Double	Doubled	Doubled	Doubles	Doubling
Enter	Entered	Entered	Enters	Entering
End	Ended	Ended	Ends	Ending
Exit	Excited	Excited	Exits	Exiting
Enjoy	Enjoyed	Enjoyed	Enjoys	Enjoying
Excuse	Excused	Excused	Excuses	Excusing
Exalt	Exalted	Exalted	Exalts	Exalting
Educate	Educated	Educated	Educates	Educating
Entertain	Entertained	Entertained	Entertains	Entertaining
Embarrass	Embarrassed	Embarrassed	Embarrasses	Embarrassing
Exercise	Exercised	Exercised	Exercises	Exercising
Execute	Executed	Executed	Executes	Executing
Expect	Expected	Expected	Expects	Expecting
Excel	Excelled	Excelled	Excels	Excelling
Expand	Expanded	Expanded	Expands	Expanding
Escape	Escaped	Escaped	Escapes	Escaping
Explain	Explained	Explained	Explains	Explaining
Extend	Extended	Extended	Extends	Extending
Examine	Examined	Examined	Examines	Examining
Empower	Empowered	Empowered	Empowers	Empowering
Endorse	Endorsed	Endorsed	Endorses	Endorsing
Empty	Emptied	Emptied	Empties	Emptying
Fly	Flied	Flied	Flies	Flying
Fry	Fried	Fried	Fries	Frying
Flash	Flashed	Flashed	Flashes	Flashing
Flush	Flushed	Flushed	Flushes	Flushing
Fear	Feared	Feared	Fears	Fearing
Fleet	Fleeted	Fleeted	Fleets	Fleeting
Float	Floated	Floated	Floats	Floating
Follow	Followed	Followed	Follows	Following
Frighten	Frightened	Frightened	Frightens	Frightening
Fold	Folded	Folded	Folds	Folding
Fire	Fired	Fired	Fires	Firing
Free	Freed	Freed	Frees	Freeing
Frame	Framed	Framed	Frames	Framing
Fix	Fixed	Fixed	Fixes	Fixing
Force	Forced	Forced	Forces	Forcing
Fast	Fasted	Fasted	Fasts	Fasting
Fasten	Fastened	Fastened	Fastens	Fastening
Fill	Filled	Filled	Fills	Filled
Film	Filmed	Filmed	Films	Filming
Guess	Guessed	Guessed	Guesses	Guessing
Gather	Gathered	Gathered	Gathers	Gathering
Grieve	Grieved	Grieved	Grieves	Grieving
Greet	Greeted	Greeted	Greets	Greeting
Guide	Guided	Guided	Guides	Guiding
Grip	Gripped	Gripped	Grips	Gripping
Grab	Grabbed	Grabbed	Grabs	Grabbing
Grease	Greased	Greased	Greases	Greasing
Graze	Grazed	Grazed	Grazes	Grazing
Gloat	Gloated	Gloated	Gloats	Gloating
Grate	Grated	Grated	Grates	Grating
Glow	Glowed	Glowed	Glows	Glowing
Grin	Grinned	Grinned	Grins	Grinning
Guarantee	Guaranteed	Guaranteed	Guarantees	Guaranteeing
Guard	Guarded	Guarded	Guards	Guarding
Govern	Governed	Governed	Governs	Governing
Hover	Hovered	Hovered	Hovers	Hovering
Hustle	Hustled	Hustled	Hustles	Hustling
Happen	Happened	Happened	Happens	Happening
Hop	Hopped	Hopped	Hops	Hopping
Heal	Healed	Healed	Heals	Healing
Hope	Hoped	Hoped	Hopes	Hoping
Hook	Hooked	Hooked	Hooks	Hooking
Hunt	Hunted	Hunted	Hunts	Hunting
Heat	Heated	Heated	Heats	Heating
Hurry	Hurried	Hurried	Hurries	Hurrying
Haunt	Haunted	Haunted	Hants	Haunting
Hug	Hugged	Hugged	Hugs	Hugging
Help	Helped	Helped	Helps	Helping
Head	Headed	Headed	Heads	Heading
Hum	Hummed	Hummed	Hums	Humming
Heap	Heaped	Heaped	Heaps	Heaping
Harm	Harmed	Harmed	Harms	Harming
Handle	Handled	Handled	Handles	Handling
Hate	Hated	Hated	Hates	Hating
Hand	Handed	Handed	Hands	Handing
Ink	Inked	Inked	Inks	Inking
Interfere	Interfered	Interfered	Interferes	Interfering
Inform	Informed	Informed	Informs	Informing
Improve	Improved	Improved	Improves	Improving
Improvise	Improvised	Improvised	Improvises	Improvising
Ignore	Ignored	Ignored	Ignores	Ignoring
Ignite	Ignited	Ignited	Ignites	Igniting
Illuminate	Illuminated	Illuminated	Illuminates	Illuminating
Invite	Invited	Invited	Invites	Inviting
Imagine	Imagined	Imagined	Imagines	Imagining
Itch	Itched	Itched	Itches	Itching
Intend	Intended	Intended	Intends	Intending
Introduce	Introduced	Introduced	Introduces	Introducing
Inject	Injected	Injected	Injects	Injecting
Interest	Interested	Interested	Interests	Interesting
Interrupt	Interrupted	Interrupted	Interrupts	Interrupting
Instruct	Instructed	Instructed	Instructs	Instructing
Infect	Infected	Infected	Infects	Infecting
Influence	Influenced	Influenced	Influences	Influencing
Include	Included	Included	Includes	Including
Increase	Increased	Increased	Increases	Increasing
Jump	Jumped	Jumped	Jumps	Jumping
Jam	Jammed	Jammed	Jams	Jamming
Juggle	Juggled	Juggled	Juggles	Juggling
Jog	Jogged	Jogged	Jogs	Jogging
Joke	Joked	Joked	Jokes	Joking
Join	Joined	Joined	Joins	Joining
Judge	Judged	Judged	Judges	Judging
Link	Linked	Linked	Links	Linking
Limp	Limped	Limped	Limps	Limping
Like	Liked	Liked	Likes	Liking
Listen	Listened	Listened	Listens	Listening
Love	Loved	Loved	Loves	Loving
Live	Lived	Lived	Lives	Living
Look	Looked	Looked	Looks	Looking
Lock	Locked	Locked	Locks	Locking
List	Listed	Listed	Lists	Listing
Lie	Lied	Lied	Lies	Lying
Laugh	Laughed	Laughed	Laughs	Laughing
Label	Labelled	Labelled	Labels	Labelling
Lighten	Lightened	Lightened	Lightens	Lightening
Learn	Learned	Learned	Learns	Learning
Launch	Launched	Launched	Launches	Launching
Last	Lasted	Lasted	Lasts	Lasting
Master	Mastered	Mastered	Masters	Mastering
Mentor	Mentored	Mentored	Mentors	Mentoring
Mix	Mixed	Mixed	Mixes	Mixing
Multiply	Multiplied	Multiplied	Mutiplies	Multiplying
Miss	Missed	Missed	Misses	Missing
Mourn	Mourned	Mourned	Mourns	Mourning
Moan	Moaned	Moaned	Moans	Moaning
Measure	Measured	Measured	Measures	Measuring
Meddle	Meddled	Meddled	Meddles	Meddling
Move	Moved	Moved	Moves	Moving
Mark	Marked	Marked	Marks	Marking
Match	Matched	Matched	Matches	Matching
Memorise	Memorised	Memorised	Memorises	Memorising
Manage	Managed	Managed	Manages	Managing
Marry	Married	Married	Marries	Marrying
Muster	Mustered	Mustered	Musters	Mustering
Name	Named	Named	Names	Naming
Navigate	Navigated	Navigated	Navigates	Navigating
Need	Needed	Needed	Needs	Needing
Notice	Noticed	Noticed	Notices	Noticing
Note	Noted	Noted	Notes	Noting
Number	Numbered	Numbered	Numbers	Numbering
Nod	Nodded	Nodded	Nods	Nodding
Open	Opened	Opened	Opens	Opening
Occur	Occurred	Occurred	Occurs	Occurring
Order	Ordered	Ordered	Orders	Ordering
Optimise	Optimised	Optimised	Optimises	Optimising
Oppose	Opposed	Opposed	Opposes	Opposing
Observe	Observed	Observed	Observes	Observing
Obey	Obeyed	Obeyed	Obeys	Obeying
Own	Owned	Owned	Owns	Owning
Offer	Offered	Offered	Offers	Offering
Obtain	Obtained	Obtained	Obtains	Obtaining
Owe	Owed	Owed	Owes	Owing
Overflow	Overflowed	Overflowed	Overflows	Overflowing
Object	Objected	Objected	Objects	Objecting
Preach	Preached	Preached	Preaches	Preaching
Pinch	Pinched	Pinched	Pinches	Pinching
Pick	Picked	Picked	Picks	Picking
Plough	Ploughed	Ploughed	Ploughs	Ploughing
Pray	Prayed	Prayed	Prays	Praying
Push	Pushed	Pushed	Pushes	Pushing
Prove	Proved	Proved	Proves	Proving
Plant	Planted	Planted	Plants	Planting
Post	Posted	Posted	Posts	Posting
Protect	Protected	Protected	Protects	Protecting
Project	Projected	Projected	Projects	Projecting
Place	Placed	Placed	Places	Placing
Prepare	Prepared	Prepared	Prepares	Preparing
Pause	Paused	Paused	Pauses	Pausing
Print	Printed	Printed	Prints	Printing
Paint	Painted	Painted	Paints	Painting
Prefer	Preferred	Preferred	Prefers	Preferring
Present	Presented	Presented	Presents	Presenting
Produce	Produced	Produced	Produces	Producing
Provide	Provided	Provided	Provides	Providing
Question	Questioned	Questioned	Questions	Questioning
Rest	Rested	Rested	Rests	Resting
Race	Raced	Raced	Races	Racing
Roast	Roasted	Roasted	Roasts	Roasting
Rely	Relied	Relied	Relies	Relying
Request	Requested	Requested	Requests	Requesting
Roam	Roamed	Roamed	Roams	Roaming
Record	Recorded	Recorded	Records	Recording
Recruit	Recruited	Recruited	Recruits	Recruiting
Rescue	Rescued	Rescued	Rescues	Rescuing
Render	Rendered	Rendered	Renders	Rendering
Receive	Received	Received	Receives	Receiving
Rule	Ruled	Ruled	Rules	Ruling
Remain	Remained	Remained	Remains	Remaining
Roll	Rolled	Rolled	Rolls	Rolling
Risk	Risked	Risked	Risks	Risking
Reply	Replied	Replied	Replies	Replying
Reject	Rejected	Rejected	Rejects	Rejecting
React	Reacted	Reacted	Reacts	Reacting
Rain	Rained	Rained	Rains	Raining
Raise	Raised	Raised	Raises	Raising
Reflect	Reflected	Reflected	Reflects	Reflecting
Return	Returned	Returned	Returns	Returning
Serve	Served	Served	Serves	Serving
Smile	Smiled	Smiled	Smiles	Smiling
Smell	Smelled	Smelled	Smells	Smelling
Suffer	Suffered	Suffered	Suffers	Suffering
Separate	Separated	Separated	Separates	Separating
Stare	Stared	Stared	Stares	Staring
Start	Started	Started	Starts	Starting
Supply	Supplied	Supplied	Supplies	Supplying
Squeeze	Squeezed	Squeezed	Squeezes	Squeezing
Spray	Sprayed	Sprayed	Sprays	Spraying
Stay	Stayed	Stayed	Stays	Staying
Shelter	Sheltered	Sheltered	Shelters	Sheltering
Switch	Switched	Switched	Switches	Switching
Stitch	Stitched	Stitched	Stitches	Stitching
Sparkle	Sparkled	Sparkled	Sparkles	Sparkling
Surprise	Surprised	Surprised	Surprises	Surprising
Suit	Suited	Suited	Suits	Suiting
Subtract	Subtracted	Subtracted	Subtracts	Subtracting
Suggest	Suggested	Suggested	Suggests	Suggesting
Stamp	Stamped	Stamped	Stamps	Stamping
Skip	Skipped	Skipped	Skips	Skipping
Step	Stepped	Stepped	Steps	Stepping
Stop	Stopped	Stopped	Stops	Stopping
Sound	Sounded	Sounded	Sounds	Sounding
Store	Stored	Stored	Stores	Storing
Slip	Slipped	Slipped	Slips	Slipping
Talk	Talked	Talked	Talks	Talking
Trick	Tricked	Tricked	Tricks	Tricking
Treat	Treated	Treated	Treats	Treating
Travel	Travelled	Travelled	Travels	Travelling
Type	Typed	Typed	Types	Typing
Trip	Tripped	Tripped	Trips	Tripping
Twist	Twisted	Twisted	Twists	Twisting
Turn	Turned	Turned	Turns	Turning
Try	Tried	Tried	Tries	Trying
Thrive	Thrived	Thrived	Thrives	Thriving
Trust	Trusted	Trusted	Trusts	Trusting
Train	Trained	Trained	Trains	Training
Touch	Touched	Touched	Touches	Touching
Taste	Tasted	Tasted	Tastes	Tasting
Thank	Thanked	Thanked	Thanks	Thanking
Use	Used	Used	Uses	Using
Unite	United	United	Unites	Uniting
Unlock	Unlocked	Unlocked	Unlocks	Unlocking
Untie	Untied	Untied	Unties	Untying
Visit	Visited	Visited	Visits	Visiting
Vanish	Vanished	Vanished	Vanishes	Vanishing
Validate	Validated	Validated	Validates	Validating
Vaccinate	Vaccinated	Vaccinated	Vaccinates	Vaccinating
Vacate	Vacated	Vacated	Vacates	Vacating
Verify	Verified	Verified	Verifies	Verifying
Vacate	Vacated	Vacated	Vacates	Vacating
Wait	Waited	Waited	Waits	Waiting
Wash	Washed	Washed	Washes	Washing
Wander	Wandered	Wandered	Wanders	Wandering
Wail	Wailed	Wailed	Wails	Wailing
Wait	Waited	Waited	Waits	Waiting
Wipe	Wiped	Wiped	Wipes	Wiping
Work	Worked	Worked	Works	Working
Wish	Wished	Wished	Wishes	Wishing
Whistle	Whistled	Whistled	Whistles	Whistling
Welcome	Welcomed	Welcomed	Welcomes	Welcoming
Watch	Watched	Watched	Watches	Watching
Wave	Waved	Waved	Waves	Waving
Whisper	Whispered	Whispered	Whispers	Whispering
Waver	Wavered	Wavered	Wavers	Wavering
Wrap	Wrapped	Wrapped	Wraps	Wrapping
Worry	Worried	Worried	Worries	Worrying
Wonder	Wondered	Wondered	Wonders	Wondering
Yawn	Yawned	Yawned	Yawns	Yawning
Yell	Yelled	Yelled	Yells	Yelling
Zoom	Zoomed	Zoomed	Zooms	Zooming
Irregular verbs
V1	V2	V3	V4	V5
Arise	Arose	Arisen	Arises	Arising
Awake	Awoke	Awaken	Awakes	Awaking
Begin	Began	Begun	Begins	Beginning
Bend	Bent	Bent	Bends	Bending
Beat	Beat	Beat	Beats	Beating
Become	Became	Become	Becomes	Becoming
Bind	Bound	Bound	Binds	Binding
Bring	Brought	Brought	Brings	Bringing
Buy	Bought	Bought	Buys	Buying
Blow	Blew	Blown	Blows	Blowing
Build	Built	Built	Builds	Building
Break	Broke	Broken	Breaks	Breaking
Bite	Bit	Bitten	Bites	Biting
Catch	Caught	Caught	Catches	Catching
Choose	Chose	Chosen	Chooses	Choosing
Come	Came	Come	Comes	Coming
Cut	Cut	Cut	Cuts	Cutting
Cost	Cost	Cost	Costs	Costing
Do	Did	Done	Does	Doing
Draw	Drew	Drawn	Draws	Drawing
Drink	Drank	Drunk	Drinks	Drinking
Drive	Drove	Driven	Drives	Driving
Dig	Dug	Dug	Digs	Digging
Eat	Ate	Eaten	Eats	Eating
Feel	Felt	Felt	Feels	Feeling
Fall	Fell	Fallen	Falls	Falling
Fly	Flew	Flown	Flys	Flying
Fight	Fought	Fought	Fights	Fighting
Find	Found	Found	Finds	Finding
Freeze	Froze	Frozen	Freezes	Freezing
Forget	Forgot	Forgotten	Forgets	Forgetting
Forgive	Forgave	Forgiven	Forgives	Forgiving
Get	Got	Gotten	Gets	Getting
Give	Gave	Given	Gives	Giving
Go	Went	Gone	Goes	Going
Grow	Grew	Grown	Grows	Growing
Hit	Hit	Hit	Hits	Hitting
Hurt	Hurt	Hurt	Hurts	Hurting
Hide	Hid	Hidden	Hides	Hiding
Hang	Hung	Hung	Hangs	Hanging
Hear	Heard	Heard	Hears	Hearing
Hold	Held	Held	Holds	Holding
Kneel	Knelt	Knelt	Kneels	Kneeling
Know	Knew	Known	Knows	Knowing
Keep	Kept	Kept	Keeps	Keeping
Light	Lit	Lit	Lights	Lighting
Learn	Learnt	Learnt	Learns	Learning
Lean	Leant	Leant	Leans	Leaning
Leave	Left	Left	Leaves	Leaving
Lead	Led	Led	Leads	Leading
Lay	Laid	Laid	Lays	Laying
Let	Let	Let	Lets	Letting
Lose	Lost	Lost	Loses	Losing
Meet	Met	Met	Meets	Meeting
Make	Made	Made	Makes	Making
Put	Put	Put	Puts	Putting
Pay	Paid	Paid	Pays	Paying
Run	Ran	Run	Runs	Running
Ring	Rang	Rung	Rings	Ringing
Read	Read	Read	Reads	Reading
Rise	Rose	Risen	Rises	Rising
Ride	Rode	Ridden	Rides	Riding
Send	Sent	Sent	Sends	Sending
See	Saw	Seen	Sees	Seeing
Set	Set	Set	Sets	Setting
Stand	Stood	Stood	Stands	Standing
Sit	Sat	Sat	Sits	Sitting
Sing	Sang	Sung	Sings	Singing
Shrink	Shrank	Shrunk	Shrinks	Shrinking
Sink	Sank	Sunk	Sinks	Sinking
Shut	Shut	Shut	Shuts	Shutting
Sleep	Slept	Slept	Sleeps	Sleeping
Shoot	Shot	Shot	Shoots	Shooting
Speak	Spoke	Spoken	Speaks	Speaking
Shed	Shed	Shed	Sheds	Shedding
Spend	Spent	Spent	Spends	Spending
Spit	Spat	Spat	Spits	Spitting
Split	Split	Split	Splits	Splitting
Steal	Stole	Stolen	Steals	Stealing
Stick	Stuck	Stuck	Sticks	Sticking
Strike	Struck	Struck	Strikes	Striking
Sweep	Swept	Swept	Sweeps	Sweeping
Swing	Swung	Swung	Swings	Swinging
Think	Thought	Thought	Thinks	Thinking
Take	Took	Taken	Takes	Taking
Teach	Taught	Taught	Teaches	Teaching
Throw	Threw	Thrown	Throws	Throwing
Tell	Told	Told	Tells	Telling
Tear	Tore	Torn	Tears	Tearing
Understand	Understood	Understood	Understands	Understanding
Wear	Wore	Worn	Wears	Wearing
Wake	Woke	Woken	Wakes	Waking
Win	Won	Won	Wins	Winning
Write	Wrote	Written	Writes	Writing