GENERAL STRATEGY FOR IELTS WRITING TASK 1

 

GENERAL STRATEGY FOR IELTS WRITING TASK 1

Key Requirements

• Write at least 150 words in 20 minutes.
• Summarize visual information, compare data, and highlight trends or key features.
• Do not give opinions or reasons (except in process writing).

Overall Structure

1.      Introduction – Paraphrase the question.

2.      Overview – Write general trends or main features (no numbers).

3.      Body Paragraph 1 – Describe specific data or trends.

4.      Body Paragraph 2 – Compare or highlight contrasts.

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1. PIE CHART

Purpose:

Shows proportions or percentages of a whole.

Tips for High Score:

Compare largest and smallest segments.
 Use fractions or percentages for variety (one-third, about half).
 Group similar data together (e.g., categories that are close in value).
 Use comparison phrases: was higher than, accounted for, made up, represented.

Useful Vocabulary:

• Verbs: accounted for, made up, represented, comprised, constituted
• Adverbs: approximately, nearly, just under, about

Example (Summary):

The pie charts compare the energy sources used in France in 1995 and 2005.

Overall, while coal and gas remained the most used sources, there was a noticeable increase in nuclear energy use over the decade.

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2. BAR GRAPH

Purpose:

Shows comparisons between categories.

Tips for High Score:

Identify the highest and lowest bars.
Use comparative and superlative forms (higher than, the most popular).
 Group related bars (e.g., by gender, year, or region).
 Mention significant differences.

Useful Vocabulary:

• was the most / least popular
• showed a significant increase
• had a similar percentage

Example:

The bar chart illustrates the number of international students studying in Australia in 2010 by country.

Overall, China contributed the largest number of students, whereas Malaysia and India had significantly fewer learners.

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3. LINE GRAPH

Purpose:

Shows changes over time (e.g., years, months, days).

Tips for High Score:

Always describe trends (increase, decrease, remain steady, fluctuate).
 Use time phrases: between 1990 and 2020, over the next decade, during the period shown.
Do not describe every data point; focus on key trends and comparisons.
Use approximate numbers for natural writing.

Useful Vocabulary:

• rose sharply / gradually
• declined steadily
• peaked at / reached a low point
• remained stable

Example:

The line graph shows the number of tourists visiting Nepal from 2000 to 2020.

Overall, the figure increased significantly, with the sharpest rise observed after 2010.

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4. TABLE

Purpose:

Displays data in rows and columns, often showing comparisons or changes.

Tips for High Score:

Look for patterns rather than describing each figure.
 Use comparative language (was higher than, was twice as much as).
 Highlight highest and lowest values in each category.

Useful Vocabulary:

• showed a steady rise
• was considerably higher
• experienced a slight decline

Example:

The table provides information on household spending in five European countries in 2000.

Overall, food and housing accounted for the largest share of expenditure in all countries.

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5. MAPS

Purpose:

Shows changes in a place or layout over time (past vs present/future).

Tips for High Score:

Focus on major developments — e.g., new buildings, demolished areas, added roads.
 Use past or future tense depending on the map.
Use spatial prepositions (to the north of, next to, in the centre, on the left-hand side).
 Group changes logically (e.g., transport, housing, leisure).

Useful Vocabulary:

• was replaced by / converted into
• expanded / relocated / developed
• remained unchanged / demolished

Example:

The two maps show the transformation of a coastal village between 1990 and 2020.

Overall, the area became much more developed, with new residential and recreational facilities replacing farmland.

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6. PROCESS WRITING (ARTIFICIAL / MAN-MADE)

Purpose:

Explains how something is produced or manufactured (e.g., making bricks, recycling paper).

Tips for High Score:

Write in passive voice: is heated, is poured, is transported.
Follow the sequence logically (from start to finish).
Use linking devices: firstly, next, after that, subsequently, finally.
 Do not include numbers or comparisons.

Useful Vocabulary:

• begins with / followed by / finally
• is produced / is sent to / is processed
• stages, steps, materials, raw components

Example:

The diagram illustrates the process of producing electricity from coal.

Overall, the process involves several stages, beginning with coal extraction and ending with the generation of electricity for public use.

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7. PROCESS WRITING (NATURAL)

Purpose:

Describes natural cycles, such as the water cycle or life cycle of a butterfly.

Tips for High Score:

Use active or passive voice as appropriate.
Use present simple tense (since cycles repeat).
 Emphasize continuous and circular nature (the cycle then repeats itself).
 Link logically using: after, when, once, as soon as, before.

Example:

The diagram shows the stages in the life cycle of a frog.

Overall, the process consists of several distinct stages, beginning with eggs and ending with the development of an adult frog, which later reproduces to start the cycle again.

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8. FLOW CHART

Purpose:

Shows steps or stages in a process using arrows or boxes (can be linear or branched).

Tips for High Score:

Identify starting point, sequence, and decision points (if any).
Use sequencing phrases: first of all, then, meanwhile, if, in the next step.
 Mention alternative paths if shown.
 Keep it clear and logical — one sentence per stage.

Example:

The flow chart outlines the steps involved in applying for a university scholarship.

Overall, the process includes several stages, starting with application submission and ending with the final approval of successful candidates.

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BAND 8–9 WRITING TIPS (ALL TYPES)

Focus Area	Key to High Score
Task Achievement	Include all key features, make comparisons, highlight trends
Coherence & Cohesion	Logical paragraphing, linking words, clear overview
Lexical Resource	Variety of vocabulary, accurate collocations
Grammar Range & Accuracy	Mix of simple and complex sentences, correct tense use
Overview (Very Important!)	One clear paragraph summarizing main trends or features

 

IELTS Writing Task 2 Two-Part Essay and Discussion Essay

 

IELTS Writing Task 2 guide for Two-Part Essay and Discussion Essay — including useful tips, sample introductions and conclusions, and full 250-word sample essays for each type.

1. TWO-PART ESSAY (Direct Question Essay)

Common Question Type

These essays ask two different questions based on a single topic.
Example:

Some people believe that technology has made our lives easier, while others think it has made life more complicated.
Questions:

1.      What are the advantages of modern technology?

2.      How has it made our lives more complicated?

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Useful Tips

• Carefully answer both questions — balance your response.
• Write one main idea per paragraph.
• Use clear linking words like Firstly, On the other hand, Moreover, However, In conclusion.
• Give examples to support your ideas.

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Structure

Introduction: Paraphrase the question + state you’ll answer both parts.
Body Paragraph 1: Answer Question 1 with reasons and examples.
Body Paragraph 2: Answer Question 2 with reasons and examples.
Conclusion: Summarize both answers briefly.

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Sample Question

Some people think online education has many advantages, while others believe it can never replace traditional classrooms.
Questions:

1.      What are the benefits of online learning?

2.      What are the disadvantages compared to face-to-face learning?

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Sample Answer

Education has transformed remarkably due to the growth of online learning platforms. While online classes offer numerous benefits, they also have certain limitations compared to traditional classrooms.

One major advantage of online education is flexibility. Students can study at their own pace and from any location, which is especially helpful for working professionals and those living in remote areas. Moreover, online platforms provide access to a wide range of global courses and expert teachers that may not be available locally. For example, many learners from developing countries can now enroll in international university courses through platforms like Coursera or edX, gaining knowledge without the need to travel abroad.

However, online education has notable drawbacks. The lack of personal interaction often reduces motivation and communication skills among students. In traditional classrooms, learners can engage in real-time discussions, receive instant feedback, and build teamwork skills, which are harder to achieve online. Additionally, technical problems such as poor internet connection or lack of digital devices can limit participation, especially in rural areas.

In conclusion, online learning offers great flexibility and accessibility, but it cannot fully replace the interpersonal and engaging nature of classroom education. A blended approach combining both methods might be the best solution for future learning.

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2. DISCUSSION ESSAY

Common Question Type

You are asked to discuss both views and give your opinion.
Example:

Some people believe that children should start school at a very early age, while others think they should begin later.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

The age at which children should begin formal education is a topic of considerable debate. Some people argue that children should start school as early as possible to develop academic and social skills, while others believe that beginning later allows them to mature emotionally and learn more naturally. Both perspectives have valid points and will be discussed before presenting my opinion.

Those who support early schooling claim that young children learn quickly and adapt easily to structured environments. Starting school at an early age helps them develop fundamental literacy and numeracy skills before they fall behind their peers. Additionally, early education teaches discipline, cooperation, and time management, which are valuable life skills. It also provides a secure and stimulating setting for children whose parents work full-time, ensuring that their time is spent productively.

On the other hand, many believe that formal education should begin later to protect children from academic pressure. Early schooling can sometimes restrict creativity and cause stress, as young children may not be emotionally ready for structured study. In countries such as Finland, where schooling starts at the age of seven, students still achieve high academic results, suggesting that play-based and informal learning in early years is equally effective for overall development.

In my opinion, children should not start school too early. The early years of life should focus on emotional, social, and creative growth through play and family interaction. When children enter school at a slightly older age, they are more mature and ready to absorb academic knowledge effectively.

To conclude, while early schooling can enhance academic readiness and social skills, starting later promotes emotional well-being and natural development. A balanced approach that combines early social exposure with delayed formal education may offer the most beneficial outcome for children’s overall growth.

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Useful Tips

• Address both sides before giving your own opinion.
• Use balanced language like while, although, whereas.
• Clearly state your opinion in both introduction and conclusion.
• Keep the tone formal and academic.

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Structure

Introduction: Paraphrase the question + state both views + give your opinion.
Body Paragraph 1: Discuss the first view with examples.
Body Paragraph 2: Discuss the opposite view and include your opinion.
Conclusion: Summarize both sides and restate your opinion.

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Sample Question

Some people think that university students should study whatever they like, while others believe they should only study subjects that are useful for future employment.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

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Sample Answer

Education plays a vital role in shaping a person’s future. While some argue that university students should be free to study any subject they are interested in, others think they should choose fields that guarantee better job opportunities. Both views have valid arguments, which will be discussed below.

On one hand, allowing students to study their preferred subjects encourages creativity and motivation. When learners follow their passion, they are more likely to excel and contribute meaningfully to society. For instance, many successful artists, writers, and entrepreneurs achieved greatness because they studied what they loved rather than what was considered practical.

On the other hand, some people argue that universities should prioritize job-oriented courses such as engineering, medicine, or computer science. These subjects not only provide stable employment but also meet the growing demands of the modern economy. Governments often spend large sums on higher education; therefore, focusing on employable skills ensures that both students and the nation benefit economically.

In my opinion, a balanced approach is best. Students should have the freedom to choose their fields, but universities and governments should also guide them toward courses with promising career prospects.

To conclude, while pursuing passion leads to personal fulfillment, studying practical subjects supports economic development. Therefore, a balance between freedom and practicality can create both happy individuals and a prosperous society.

 

IELTS Writing Task 2 essay types

 IELTS Writing Task 2 essay types — with definitions, key techniques, and sample essays (each with a clear introduction and conclusion).

1. Opinion Essay (Agree or Disagree)

Definition:

You are asked to give your opinion on a statement or issue. You must clearly state whether you agree, disagree, or partly agree with the given opinion.

Useful Techniques:

• Read the question carefully and choose one clear position.
• Support your opinion with strong reasons and examples.
• Use opinion phrases: I strongly believe that… / In my view… / I completely agree that…

Sample Question

Some people think that students should learn practical skills at school instead of theoretical subjects. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Education plays a vital role in shaping an individual’s personal and professional life. While some people argue that schools should emphasize practical skills rather than theoretical subjects, I believe that both are equally important for students’ holistic development.

Theoretical subjects such as mathematics, science, and history provide the foundation of knowledge necessary for understanding the world. They help students develop critical thinking, logical reasoning, and analytical abilities. For instance, a solid grasp of scientific principles enables learners to comprehend how different technologies function. Without theoretical knowledge, it would be difficult for students to apply practical skills effectively, as practice must be based on understanding.

On the other hand, practical skills are essential for preparing students to face real-life challenges. Skills such as communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and computer literacy are directly applicable in workplaces. Moreover, learning by doing increases student engagement and helps them retain information better. Schools that include internships, laboratory work, or vocational training make students more confident and job-ready.

In conclusion, although practical skills are necessary for professional success, theoretical subjects provide the intellectual base that supports them. Therefore, I strongly believe that schools should maintain a balance between theory and practice. This combination not only ensures academic excellence but also equips students with the real-world competencies required for future success.

 

2. Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Definition

You are asked to discuss both benefits and drawbacks of a topic, sometimes also to give your own opinion.

Useful Techniques:

• Present advantages in one paragraph, disadvantages in another.
• Use linking words: One main advantage is… / On the other hand…
• If asked for your opinion, mention it clearly in the introduction and conclusion.

Many people prefer to work from home rather than in offices. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.

In recent years, working from home has become a common trend, especially with advancements in technology and digital communication tools. Although this work style offers several advantages, it also brings some notable disadvantages that need to be considered.

One of the main advantages of remote work is flexibility. Employees can organize their schedules more efficiently, which helps them maintain a healthy work-life balance. For instance, they can spend more time with family and avoid the stress of daily commuting. Furthermore, working from home saves both time and money, as individuals no longer need to travel long distances or spend on transportation and office-related expenses. This arrangement can also increase job satisfaction and overall productivity for self-disciplined workers.

However, there are certain disadvantages to this trend. Working remotely often leads to feelings of loneliness and isolation because employees miss out on social interactions with colleagues. In addition, the lack of direct supervision can reduce teamwork and make communication less effective. Another concern is that it can blur the boundary between personal and professional life, causing longer working hours and eventual burnout.

In conclusion, while working from home provides flexibility, comfort, and cost savings, it may negatively affect collaboration and emotional well-being. Therefore, adopting a hybrid system that combines home and office work could be the most effective solution, allowing individuals to enjoy the benefits of both environments while maintaining productivity and social connection.

 

3. Problem and Solution Essay

Definition

You need to identify problems related to a given topic and suggest solutions to solve them.

Useful Techniques:

• Clearly state the problems in one paragraph.
• Present practical solutions in the next paragraph.
• Use structures like: One major problem is… / A possible solution could be…

Sample Question

Traffic congestion is a serious problem in many cities today. What are the causes of this problem and what solutions can be offered?

In many modern cities, traffic congestion has become a significant issue that affects both individuals and the economy. This essay will discuss the major causes of this problem and propose effective solutions to overcome it.

One of the main causes of traffic congestion is the rapid increase in the number of private vehicles. As urban populations grow, more people can afford cars, leading to overcrowded roads, especially during rush hours. Moreover, the lack of efficient and reliable public transport systems forces commuters to depend on their personal vehicles. Poor urban planning and insufficient road infrastructure also contribute to traffic jams, as many cities were not designed to handle today’s heavy traffic flow.

To address this issue, governments should invest in developing modern and affordable public transportation systems such as metro lines, electric buses, and cycling lanes. This would encourage people to use public transport instead of private cars. Additionally, implementing policies like carpooling incentives, congestion charges, and flexible working hours can significantly reduce the number of vehicles on the road. Urban planners should also focus on widening roads, improving traffic management, and promoting mixed-use development to shorten travel distances.

In conclusion, traffic congestion mainly results from overreliance on private vehicles and poor transport infrastructure. However, by improving public transport, enforcing smart traffic policies, and encouraging sustainable commuting habits, cities can effectively reduce congestion and make urban life more comfortable and efficient.

 

 

4. Discussion Essay (Both Views and Opinion)

Definition

You must discuss both sides of an issue (for and against) and then give your own opinion.

Useful Techniques:

• Discuss each side fairly.
• Clearly state your own opinion in both introduction and conclusion.
• Use phrases: Some people believe that… / Others argue that… / In my opinion…

Sample Question

Some people think that children should start school at a very early age, while others believe they should begin later. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

The appropriate age for children to begin formal education has been a topic of debate among parents and educators. While some people believe that starting school early helps children develop more quickly, others argue that a later start supports healthier emotional and mental growth. In my opinion, it is better for children to begin schooling slightly later to ensure a balanced development.

Supporters of early schooling claim that exposing children to education at a young age gives them an academic advantage. Early education helps children develop reading, writing, and social skills sooner, which can make later learning easier. In addition, starting early allows children to adapt to a structured environment and learn discipline from an early stage, which can benefit their overall academic journey.

On the other hand, many parents believe that young children should spend their early years at home where they can play freely and bond emotionally with their families. Entering school too early can create unnecessary stress and limit their natural creativity. Children who start later often develop stronger emotional stability and are better prepared to handle academic pressure when they finally begin school.

In conclusion, although early education can help children learn faster and adjust to a structured routine, I believe that delaying school until they are emotionally mature is more beneficial. A later start allows children to enjoy their childhood while developing both emotional and intellectual readiness for formal learning.

5. Two-Part (Direct Question) Essay

Definition:

You are asked two different questions in one task. You must answer both clearly and equally.

Useful Techniques:

• Identify and separate both questions.
• Answer each in a different body paragraph.
• Use linking words: The first question is… / Regarding the second question…

Sample Question

Many people choose to study or work abroad. Why do they do this? Is it a positive or negative development?

In recent years, an increasing number of people have chosen to study or work in foreign countries. This essay will discuss the main reasons behind this trend and evaluate whether it has a positive or negative impact.

One primary reason why many individuals go abroad is to gain international exposure and better opportunities. Studying in a foreign country allows students to access high-quality education, modern facilities, and advanced teaching methods that may not be available in their home nations. Likewise, professionals move overseas to find better job prospects, higher salaries, and improved living standards. Moreover, living abroad helps people experience diverse cultures, learn new languages, and develop independence and adaptability, which are valuable life skills.

In my view, this trend is largely positive. International education and work experience broaden people’s perspectives and contribute to global understanding. When individuals return to their home countries, they bring back knowledge and skills that can support national development. However, one possible drawback is the issue of “brain drain,” where talented people settle abroad permanently, resulting in a shortage of skilled workers in developing nations. Despite this, the overall benefits for personal and global progress outweigh the disadvantages.

In conclusion, people choose to study or work abroad mainly to improve their education, career, and lifestyle. Although it may have some negative effects on home countries, it is generally a positive development that promotes growth, learning, and cross-cultural exchange.

 

Summary Table

Essay Type	Focus	Structure	Key Language
Opinion	Agree/Disagree	Intro → 2 Reasons → Conclusion	I believe, In my view
Advantage/Disadvantage	Pros & Cons	Intro → Advantages → Disadvantages → Conclusion	One advantage is…, On the other hand…
Problem/Solution	Causes & Fixes	Intro → Problems → Solutions → Conclusion	One major issue is…, A possible solution is…
Discussion	Both views + Opinion	Intro → View 1 → View 2 → Conclusion	Some people believe…, Others argue…, In my opinion…
Two-Part	Answer 2 questions	Intro → Answer Q1 → Answer Q2 → Conclusion	The first question is…, Regarding