GT IELTS Reading Passport Application

 

Section 1: Questions 1-14

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which are based on the text below.

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GT Reading: PASSPORT APPLICATION & Auckland International Airport Services

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Read the text below and answer Questions 1-7.

PASSPORT APPLICATION

You will need to fill in an application for a passport in the following circumstances: if you are applying for a passport for the first time, if you wish to replace your current passport, if your passport has expired, or if it has been lost or stolen. Your application form must be completed in your own handwriting.

As proof of your citizenship and identity, you must enclose either your passport or your birth certificate. All documents must be originals; these will be returned with your passport.

The standard time to process an application is up to 10 working days. The processing begins from when we have received the completed application form. Applicants should expect delays if the Passport Office receives a form with missing information. Extra time should be allowed for delivery to and from the Passport Office.

Please provide two identical passport photos of yourself. Both photos must be the same in all respects and must be less than 12 months old.

Ask someone who can identify you to fill in the ‘Proof of Identity’ information and identify one of your photos. This person will be called your witness and needs to meet the following requirements: a witness must be aged 1 6 years or over, be contactable by phone during normal office hours and be the holder of a valid passport. A witness should fill in the ‘Proof of Identity’ page in their own handwriting. A witness must also write the full name of the person applying for the passport on the back of one of the photos, sign their own name and date the back of the same photo. Photos with this identifying information written in the applicant’s own handwriting will not be accepted.

Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text above?

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

     TRUE  if the statement agrees with the information
     FALSE  if the statement contradicts the information
     NOT GIVEN  if there is no information on this

1.  A husband can fill in an application form for his wife.
2.  Photocopies of documents are acceptable in some circumstances.
3.  An incomplete application will affect processing time.
4.  The passport photos included with your application must be in colour.
5.  A witness can be a relative of the applicant.
6.  Anyone acting as a witness must have a passport.
7.  The passport applicant must sign their name on the back of both photos.

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Questions 8-14

The reading passage "Auckland International Airport Services" has seven sections, A-G.
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 8-14 on your answer sheet.

8.  Section A
9.  Section B
10.  Section C
11.  Section D
12.  Section E
13.  Section F
14.  Section G

List of Headings

i. Departure procedures
ii. Observation area
iii. Baggage services
iv. Meeting facilities
v. Healthcare services
vi. Flight information
vii. Currency exchange
viii. Health and safety advice
ix. Departure fees
x. Tourist travel centre

Auckland International Airport Services

A. The second floor of the international terminal offers a view of the airfield and all incoming and outgoing flights. There is a cafe situated here as well as a restaurant, which is available for all airport visitors to use.

B. We are open for all international flights and provide a comprehensive service for visitors to the city. Brochures on a range of attractions are available, and we also offer a booking service for accommodation and transport. Shuttle buses into the city centre are provided at a competitive price.

C. Passengers who require urgent medical attention should dial 9877 on any public telephone in the terminal. The airport pharmacy is located on the ground floor near the departure lounge, and stocks a comprehensive range of products.

D. Departing passengers can completely seal their luggage or packages in recyclable polythene to protect them from damage. Luggage storage, charged at $10 per hour, is available on the first floor. Transit passengers have free access to storage facilities.

E. Every international passenger, with the exception of children under 12 years of age and transit passengers in Auckland for less than 24 hours, is required to make a payment of $25 when leaving the country. This can be arranged at the National Bank on the ground floor.

F. As Auckland International Airport has adopted the 'quiet airport' concept, there are usually no announcements made over the public address system. Details of all arrivals and departures are displayed on the monitors located in the terminal halls and lounge areas.

G. The airport caters for the needs of business travellers and has several rooms available for seminars or business gatherings. These are located adjacent to the airport medical centre on the first floor. For information and bookings please contact the Airport Business Manager on extension 5294.

Section 2: Questions 15-27

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-27 which are based on the text below.

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General Training Reading: Planning a Gap Year & Succeeding at Interviews

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Read the text below and answer Questions 15-20.

Shooting Star is an organisation which offers special training for school leavers.

Planning a Gap Year

The best reason to take a gap year between school and work or higher education is to improve your CV with experience overseas. This is why some school leavers in Britain now consider a year out to be essential. Many want to travel, with Sydney the favourite destination. Shooting Star is an organisation that helps school leavers by offering training followed by appropriate employment.

We at Shooting Star offer much more than a trip abroad. At Shooting Star you acquire skills that lead to interesting jobs both for your gap year and future holidays. Magazines are full of ‘Wanted’ adverts for washing up in a restaurant. Well, we don’t do that - it’s not our idea of excitement. We offer school leavers the chance for outdoor adventure, to teach things like sailing and snowboarding. No choice, really! In your year out you train, travel and work; you can combine work with pleasure and reap the rewards. You could become an experienced yacht skipper or instructor and many people go on to spend their future holidays being paid to enjoy their favourite sport.

Australians and New Zealanders travel to Europe and North America in large numbers to gain overseas experience. Those who qualify with Shooting Star are very soon using their skills in jobs they could only dream about before, working outdoors and seeing more of the world. Wherever you come from, a gap year with Shooting Star means professional training and international adventure.

Top tips for a successful gap year:

*  Design your gap year in outline before applying for a permanent job or a college place. Human Resources officers or Admissions tutors will be impressed by a thought-out plan.
*  What’s more important to you - travel or work experience? You can be flexible with travel plans but you must research job opportunities in advance. Go to our website and click on Recruitment for ideas.
*  Who do you know who has taken a gap year before? Shooting Star can put you in touch with someone who has just completed one.
*  Sort out the admin in plenty of time - air tickets, visas, insurance and medical matters such as vaccinations for some destinations. These are your responsibility.
*  Who is in charge of your affairs while you are away? There will be forms to fill and letters to answer.
*  Allow plenty of time to settle back home on your return - and don’t be surprised if it takes some time to readjust to everyday life!

Questions 15-20

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text above?

In boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet, write

    TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
    FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
    NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

15.  For some young British people, the purpose of a gap year is to improve their academic qualifications.
16.  Shooting Star finds employment for young people in the catering industry.
17.  Training with Shooting Star can be expensive.
18.  New trainees find it easy to get the sort of work they want.
19.  New trainees who want work experience should check out vacancies before they depart.
20.  Shooting Star helps with travel arrangements.

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Read the text below and answer Questions 21-27.

Succeeding at Interviews

A.  Getting invited to an interview means you have passed the first hurdle- your application must have made a good impression. Now you need to prepare yourself for the interview to make sure you make the most of this opportunity. There are a number of things you can do.

B.  Firstly you can do some research. Find out about the employer and the job, ask for an information pack or speak to people you know who work for the company. Try to plan for the interview by asking who will be interviewing you and whether there will be a test to take.

C. Prepare for questions you might be asked. Some common ones are the reason why you want the job, whether you have done this kind of work before, what your strengths and weaknesses are, and which leisure pursuits you enjoy.

D.  Another important point is never to run the risk of arriving late. For example, consider making a ‘dummy run’ in advance to see how long the journey will take. Check out public transport or, if you are going by car, the nearest parking. Aim to arrive about 10 minutes before the interview is due to start.

E.  It is also crucial to give plenty of thought to what you are going to wear. This will depend on the job you are going for.  There is no need to buy a new outfit, but aim to look neat and tidy. Remember, if you look good it will help you feel good.

F.  You need to make a good impression. Interviews can vary from a relatively informal 'one-to-one’ chat to a very formal panel situation. Whatever the circumstances, you will give yourself an advantage by being friendly and polite, by making eye contact with the interviewer and by selling yourself by focusing on your strengths.

G.  There are also things you should avoid doing at your interview. First of all, don’t exaggerate. For example, if you don’t have the exact experience the employer is looking for, say so and explain you are willing to learn. Don’t simply give ‘yes’ and ‘no’ answers, but answer questions as fully as you can. And lastly, don’t forget to ask questions as well as answering them.

H.  One final thing to remember: it is important to show good team spirit, that you possess good people skills and that you are friendly and approachable. Finally, remember to be enthusiastic and show that you can be flexible.

Questions 21-27

The reading passage "Succeeding at Interviews" has eight sections, A-H.
Which section mentions the following?
Write correct letters, A-H, in boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet. 

NB. You can use one heading more than once. 

21.  The Importance Of Good Manners
22.  Using your contacts
23.  Giving adequate responses
24.  Getting on well with colleagues
25.  The information you need to provide
26.  Being honest with the interview
27.  Be punctual

Section 3: Questions 28-40

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on the text below.

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General Training Reading: The History Of Early Cinema

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Read the text below and answer Questions 28-40.

Questions 28-30

Which THREE possible reasons for American dominance of the film industry are given in the text 'The history of cinema'?

Write answers A-F in boxes 28-30 on your answer sheet.

A  plenty of capital to purchase what it didn't have
B  making films dealing with serious issues
C  being first to produce a feature film
D  well-written narratives
E  the effect of the First World War
F  excellent special effects

28. .............
29. .............
30. .............

The history of early cinema

The history of the cinema in its first thirty years is one of major and, to this day, unparalleled expansion and growth. Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities - New York, London, Paris and Berlin - the new medium quickly found its way across the world, attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so. As audiences grew, so did the places where films were shown, finishing up with the ‘great picture palaces’ of the 1920s, which rivalled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour. Meanwhile, films themselves developed from being short ‘attractions’ only a couple of minutes long, to the full-length feature that has dominated the world's screens up to the present day.

Although French, German, American and British pioneers have all been credited with the invention of cinema, the British and the Germans played a relatively small role in its worldwide exploitation. It was above all the French, followed closely by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia. In terms of artistic development it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead, though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part.

In the end, it was the United States that was to become, and remain, the largest single market for films. By protecting their own market and pursuing a vigorous export policy, the Americans achieved a dominant position in the world market by the start of the First World War. The centre of film-making had moved westwards, to Hollywood, and it was films from these new Hollywood studios that flooded onto the worldís film markets in the years after the First World War, and have done so ever since. Faced with total Hollywood domination, few film industries proved competitive. The Italian industry, which had pioneered the feature film with spectacular films like ìQuo vadis?î (1913) and "Cabiria" (1914), almost collapsed. In Scandinavia, the Swedish cinema had a brief period of glory, notably with powerful epic films and comedies. Even the French cinema found itself in a difficult position. In Europe, only Germany proved industrially capable, while in the new Soviet Union and in Japan, the development of the cinema took place in conditions of commercial isolation.

Hollywood took the lead artistically as well as industrially. Hollywood films appealed because they had better-constructed narratives, their special effects were more impressive, and the star system added a new dimension to the screen acting. If Hollywood did not have enough of its own resources, it had a great deal of money to buy up artists and technical innovations from Europe to ensure its continued dominance over present or future competition.

From early cinema, it was only American slapstick comedy that successfully developed in both short and feature format. However, during this ëSilent Filmí era, animation, comedy, serials and dramatic features continued to thrive, along with factual films or documentaries, which acquired an increasing distinctiveness as the period progressed. It was also at this time that the avant-garde film first achieved commercial success, this time thanks almost exclusively to the French and the occasional German film.

Of the countries which developed and maintained distinctive national cinemas in the silent period, the most important were France, Germany and the Soviet Union. Of these, the French displayed the most continuity, in spite of the war and post-war economic uncertainties. The German cinema, relatively insignificant in the pre-war years, exploded onto the world scene after 1919. Yet even they were both overshadowed by the Soviets after the 1917 Revolution. They turned their back on the past, leaving the style of the pre-war Russian cinema to the emigres who fled westwards to escape the Revolution.

The other countries whose cinemas changed dramatically are: Britain, which had an interesting but undistinguished history in the silent period; Italy, which had a brief moment of international fame just before the war; the Scandinavian countries, particularly Denmark, which played a role in the development of silent cinema quite out of proportion to their small population; and Japan, where a cinema developed based primarily on traditional theatrical and, to a lesser extent, other art forms and only gradually adapted to western influence.

Questions 31-33

Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the above reading passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet.

31. Which TWO types of film were not generally made in major studios?  
32. Which type of film did America develop in both short and feature films?  
33. Which type of film started to become profitable in the 'silent' period?

Questions 34 - 40

Look at the following statements (Questions 34-40) and the list of countries below.
Match each statement with the correct country.

Write the correct letter A-J in boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.

34. It helped other countries develop their own film industry.
35. It was the biggest producer of films.
36. It was first to develop the 'feature' film.
37. It was responsible for creating stars.
38. It made the most money from 'avant-garde' films.
39. It made movies based more on its own culture than outside influences.
40. It had a great influence on silent movies, despite its size.

List of countries

A.   France            F.   Japan
B.   Germany        G.   Soviet Union  
C.   USA                H.   Italy  
D.   Denmark         I.   Britain
E.   Sweden          J.   China

 

Class 12 Compulsory English Book 2 A Matter of Husbands by Ferenc Molnar

 Summary

‘A Matter of Husbands’ by Ferenc Molnar is a very twisted one act. It depicts the story of an Ernest Woman who is married to a lawyer who knows of a Famous Woman. The Ernest Woman comes to the Famous Woman because she believes that her husband is cheating on her with the Famous Woman. The famous woman weaves a tale about how it is a cleverly staged act where the man is attempting to trick his wife to get more affection from her. When the Famous Woman finally convinces the Ernest Woman that the story is true we find out that the husband was hiding in the closet the whole time.

This play would require only two female actresses. Our group has many strong comedic female actresses that could make these parts very over dramatic. The relationship between the two will need to grow and both of the performers will need to be very comfortable with each other. I don’t think either of the characters in this one act are particularly likable. The actor playing the Ernest Woman would need to be very ditzy and gullible and the Famous Woman would have to be very wicked and twisted.

This one act somewhat of a set; nothing too flashy, but still enough to create a mildly realistic setting, Lighting would be very basic and standard. I think that blocking could add a lot to this piece and add another layer of comedic humor to the piece. As for costuming, I see the Famous Woman wearing a floor length gown with matching gloves and a fur coat and the Ernest Woman wearing a frumpy dress with white shoes with the socks sticking out. I think that the costuming will help introduce the characters before they even begin speaking. With a one act there is not a lot of time for character development so any way to help reveal something about the characters is a necessary.

                                                Or,

“A Matter of Husbands” by Ferenc Molnár is a charming one-act play that delves into themes of deception, jealousy, and the art of manipulation. The story unfolds in the dressing room of a famous actress, known simply as The Actress, who is visited by a distraught young woman. The young woman believes that her husband, Alfred, is having an affair with The Actress, as he has been spending a suspicious amount of time away from home and has been overly enthusiastic about attending her performances. The Actress listens calmly and offers the young woman a seat, suggesting that there might be a more innocent explanation for Alfred’s behavior.

As the conversation progresses, The Actress reveals her astute understanding of human nature and the dynamics of relationships. She explains that Alfred, like many men, is likely infatuated with the idea of being associated with a famous actress rather than being involved in an actual affair. To assuage the young woman’s fears, The Actress devises a clever plan to stage a scenario that would ostensibly prove Alfred’s innocence. She proposes to write Alfred a flirtatious note and leave it in a place where the young woman can easily find it. This would allow the young woman to confront Alfred in a controlled manner, thereby exposing his superficial infatuation and reaffirming his fidelity.

In the play’s resolution, The Actress skillfully orchestrates the scene, leaving the young woman convinced of her husband’s loyalty and The Actress's integrity. Through this light-hearted yet insightful narrative, Molnár masterfully explores the complexities of marital relationships and the often-blurred lines between reality and illusion. The Actress’s manipulation not only highlights her cunning and theatrical prowess but also underscores the theme that sometimes, a little deception is necessary to preserve harmony and trust in relationships. The play ends on a humorous note, leaving the audience to ponder the nuances of love, fidelity, and the lengths to which people will go to maintain appearances.

 

Answer the following questions.

a. What favour does Earnest Young Woman ask from The Famous Actress?

Earnest Young Woman asks a favour of return her husband from The Famous Actress because she loves her husband very much but she comes to know The Famous Actress has stolen her husband from her.

b. What, according to The Earnest Young Woman, are the indications that her husband has fallen in love with Famous Actress?

According to the Earnest Young Woman, her husband sends flowers to The Famous Actress. She comes to know about it from a florist. One day, her husband forgets the love letter on table, which says her husband is unable to call the Famous Actress and beg apology offering her thousands of kisses.

c. Is Earnest Young Woman convinced by the argument of Famous Actress? How?

According to the basic conversation between Earnest Young Woman and famous Actress, it Seems as Earnest Young Woman is convinced by argument of Famous Actress.
The Famous Actress tells her that Earnest Young Woman’s husband has done that love affair with the actress so that she gets jealous and regains love from her. She tells her that many actresses easily accept such proposal for the sake of reunion of the families.

d. Where is the Earnest Young Woman’s husband hiding himself as they are talking about him?

According to the play, the Earnest Woman’s husband appears at the end of the play when the Famous Actress calls him to come When Out of her boudoir. This means throughout the entire play the Earnest Young Woman’s husband is hiding in the famous Actress boudoir.

e. When do you feel that Famous Actress is really good at acting?

I feel the famous Actress is really good at acting when she tells the Earnest Young Woman that her husband is playing a game upon her to make her jealous so that she will change her personality and can try to impress him her by any means. She asks for lock of hair, which the Earnest Young Woman brings with her. She says Alfred has that because her hair-dresser may steal and give it to him.

f. How do we come to know that Famous Actress and the husband of Earnest Young Woman are in love?

From the final part of the play we come to know that famous Actress and the husband of Earnest Young Woman are in love. Alfred is called to come out of the Famous Actress boudoir. It’s obvious that the Earnest Young woman is fooled and they are in love.

g. Write down the plot of the play in a paragraph.

A Matter of Husbands is a one-act written by most celebrated and controversial play wright Ferenc Molnar. This play sheds light on the role of actors on the stage and in real life and how much they are capable of keeping us in an illusion.

In the beginning, the Earnest Young Woman rushes to the Famous Actress angrily, asking her to return her husband. The famous Actress boldly denies, that she has stolen her husband. She says she knows him because once the contract for a case has given to him. Earnest Young Woman tells her that her husband sends her flowers and writes love letter. She reads her husband’s love letter for the actress.

Upon the circumstance, the actress smiles and still begins to deny that she has received any flowers or any letters from him. Now she fools Earnest Young Woman by saying that a misunderstanding may have arrived between her and her husband. She makes Earnest Young Woman believe that her husband has been playing with her to make her jealous and gain her love back. Then, the Earnest Young woman innocently realizes her misdeed and begs sorry with her. Earnest Young Woman leaves the stage and the famous Actress calls Alfred to come out of her boudoir.

a. Sketch the character of Famous Actress.

The Famous Actress is a young, renowned, and beautiful actress who is envied by the ordinary woman. On the outside, she looks innocent and harmless but in reality, she is mean and wicked. She is cunning and deceitful as seen in the way she concocts a story to sway the woman from believing that her husband was having an affair with her. She also lives an immoral life as seen in the conclusion of the story where it was revealed that Alfred, the ordinary woman’s husband was actually in her house.

b. Shed light on the difference between an ordinary woman and an actress.

In the story, “A Matter of Husband”, the ordinary woman is portrayed as a simple-minded and timid person who was easily deceived by the false story told by the actress. She had come to the actress in tears completely sure that her husband was having an affair with the actress. However, the actress told a story to her of how her husband was trying to regain the love he had for her by doing things to get her jealous. Without asking questions, the ordinary woman believed her and bought into the story. In the end, it was revealed that her husband was actually in the actress’s room. This shows that the actress was cunning while the ordinary woman was timid.

c. According to Famous Actress, men associated with theatre use the theatre actresses to make their estranged wives jealous so as to woo them back. Do you agree with her argument? Why? Why not?

Yes I agree with her argument. A men associated with theatre mostly have an ordinary, simple-minded and timid wife who can be easily deceived by the false story. In the act too, Alfred was hiding in the actress’s room so as to regain the love he had for her by doing things to get her jealous. Thus, men take advantage of the cunning actress to make their estranged wives jealous so as to woo them back.

d. How does Famous Actress make a fool of Earnest Young Woman?

Famous Actress makes a fool of Earnest Young Woman by saying that a misunderstanding may have arrived between her and her husband. She makes Earnest Young Woman believe that her husband has been playing with her to make her jealous and gain her love back. Then, the Earnest Young woman innocently realizes her misdeed and begs sorry with her.

e. The conversation between the two women takes place on the stage of the theatre. What role does the theatre house as a part of setting play in A Matter for Husband?

The scene is a drawing room and the design and colorings are exotic and suggestive of the apartment of the famous Hungarian actress in which this dialogue takes place. When the curtain rises the Earnest Young Woman is discovered, poised nervously on the edge of a gilt chair. It is plain she has been sitting there a long time. For perhaps the fiftieth time she is studying the furnishings of the room and regarding the curtained door with a glance that would be impatient if it were not so palpably frightened, At last the Famous Actress enters through the curtained door at the right which leads to her boudoir.

f. What do you think about the ending of the play?

The ending of this play ‘A Matter of Husbands’ is totally perfect. And it is quiet justify the ending of the play .The writer does the ending of this play is very pertness. He finishes all the nonplus of the character of the play. All the characters are satisfied to one another. The film actress and advocate are very satisfied in the end of the play. They clear the hurdle between them. They ensure to her that they have no affair it is only drama for you. In the end of the play the young woman is very happy about her husband. The film actress and the husband of young woman live together without any obstacle. The ending of the play is too good but full of irony. The film actress narrates to young woman that her husband really loves her but in reality he has no love for his wife. He only cheats his wife.

So, end of the play ‘A Matter of Husbands’, we can assume that “All is well the end is well.” Innocent people always suffer by shrewd people because they are often sincere by hearts but the cunning people always take advantage by their innocence.

Reference beyond the text

a. Write a paragraph describing your favourite actor/actress.

My Favorite Actor

My favorite Bollywood actress is Deepika Padukone, a luminous star known for her versatility, elegance, and profound acting skills. Rising to fame with her debut in "Om Shanti Om," she quickly established herself as a force to be reckoned with in the industry. Deepika's performances are marked by an incredible range, seamlessly transitioning from the spirited Meenamma in "Chennai Express" to the poignant and resilient Padmavati in "Padmaavat." Her portrayal of real-life acid attack survivor Laxmi Agarwal in "Chhapaak" was particularly compelling, showcasing her ability to tackle complex and emotionally challenging roles with grace and sensitivity. Beyond her cinematic achievements, Deepika is a vocal advocate for mental health awareness, openly sharing her own struggles with depression and founding the Live Love Laugh Foundation to support mental health initiatives in India. Her blend of on-screen brilliance and off-screen advocacy makes her not only a beloved actress but also an inspiring role model, whose influence extends far beyond the realm of cinema.

Class 11 compulsory English Book 1 Unit 2 Communication

 

Communication

Ways with words

A. The words in the crossword puzzle are from the text. Find them in the text to solve the puzzle based on the clues given below.

Down
1. to be preoccupied with a single topic or emotion – obsessed
3. to move slowly and quietly in a particular direction – creep
4. orderly, logical and Consistent – coherent

Across
2. to utter rapidly or unintelligibly – babble
5. to insert something between other things – interpose
6. an unreadable handwriting – squiggle

B. Use the following words in sentences of your own.

Massive:
He died from a massive heart attack.

Consciousness:
He moaned with pain before losing consciousness.

Catch-as-catch-can:
We went hitchhiking for a week and lived catch-as-catch-can.

Give up:
I’m too close to my goal to give up now.

Abandon:
As a baby he was abandoned by his mother.

Lousy:
He blamed Shreya for a lousy weekend.

Editing:
He’s editing a book of essays by Ritesh Berlin.

C. Word formation: Adjectives and Adverbs

b. Write the following words in the right columns. Change the adjectives into adverbs and nouns into adjectives.

Adjectives	Adverbs
Careful	Carefully
Perfect	Perfectly
Automatic	Automatically
Certain	Certainly
Fair	Fairly
General	Generally
Proud	Proudly
Rapid	Rapidly
Proper	Properly
Final	Finally
Common	Commonly
Beautiful	Beautifully
Frequent	Frequently
Heavy	Heavily
Hungry	Hungrily

 

Nouns	Adjectives
Rain	Rainy
Bush	Bushy
Spice	Spicy
Snow	Snowy
Blood	Bloody
Cloud	Cloudy
Bag	Baggy
Mood	Moody
Air	Airy
Cream	Creamy
Dust	Dusty
Ice	Icy
Fun	Funny
Ease	Easy
Hand	Handy
Oil	Oily
Greed	Greedy
Health	Healthy
Hill	Hilly

c. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate adjective or adverb.

i. Pramila is playing quietly (quiet/quietly).

ii. Hari speaks very loudly (loud/loudly).

iii. Mukesh is a careful (careful/carefully) driver.

iv. The test was easy (easy/easily) and we finished in time.

v. He is fitting the automatic (automatic/automatically) door in my house.

vi. My uncle speaks perfect (perfect/perfectly) Chinese.

vii. It was raining very heavily (heavy/heavily).

viii. She looked very calm (calm/calmly), but I am sure she was feeling very nervous.

Answer the following questions.

a. Why is free writing called ‘automatic writing’?

Free writing is also called ‘automatic writing’ because it is a continuous process of writing which is free from spellings, grammar and topics.

b. How do you differentiate writing from speaking?

Writing is editable and can be made more logical but it’s not possible in speaking. Writing is something evidential because it can be examined in future too but speaking is non evidential.

c. What is the biggest obstacle in the writing process, according to Elbow? Do you agree with him? Why? Why not?

The biggest obstacles in the writing process are the thoughts like what to write, contemplation of wrong grammar, wordiness of right editing etc. according to the Elbow. I favor his words. If writer started caring about his grammar, spelling, coherence and editing from first he can’t learn free writing properly.

d. How can free writing overcome ‘writer’s block’?

Writers block are thoughts like what to write, how to write coherently, how to write right words and so on. Such method tends to be writing than free writing. But free writing allows writer to write whatever he/she want without any limitations. Hence free writing overcome writes block.

e. What do you mean by ‘voice’ in writing?

Words, vocabularies and writing style is considered as voice in writing.

f. Elbow uses a simile to explain that freewriting “is like writing something and putting it in a bottle in the sea.” What does this mean? Explain.

If we put something in bottle and put it in the sea, nobody will go to sea again in search of that bottle and see what’s inside that. Similarly, if we write something in our copy and leave that, it won’t be examined by anybody else later.

Critical thinking

a. How does the author persuade readers in this essay? What is he trying to communicate to the readers?

The author here in this essay has suggested his suggestions for improving writing skills for all his readers. According to him, the best way to improve writing skills is free writing. Free writing should be done repeatedly to improve writing skills. He calls it automatic writing where a writer can express his feelings spontaneously. Free writing never accepts feedback. He also adds that the most important part of freewriting is “don’t change”. For him, editing is the biggest obstacle in the writing process. Compulsive and premature editing habits hinder the writer’s creativity. The writing process becomes difficult as well as dead through the editing process. For writers, free writing should be kept away from the editing process that gets in the way of the author’s authentic feeling and natural way. According to him, the main source of strength in our writing is the “voice” which includes sound, rhythm, and plot. It is the power that makes the reader listen to the writer. It is the energy that pushes meaning into the thick skull.

b. Elbow said, freewriting “is an exercise in bringing together the process of producing words and putting them down on the page.” Do you agree with his statement? Why? Why not?

Yes, I agree with his statement. The main thing about free writing is that it is not editable. This will make the writing less bogged down because the words will be easier to enter. Free writing is like our hidden voice that comes naturally when we start. We started producing words naturally. This is sound, plot and rhythm and is the main source of strength in our writing. A massive and complex series of edits was the biggest obstacle to the writing process, according to Elbow. Therefore, he asks us to start writing freely without considering the results. We just generate the words and write on the page. When we forget about editing, our free writing becomes fluid. This helps us the next time we start writing freely.

c. How did you learn to write? What was particularly difficult in writing? What inspired you to write? What are some of the challenges that you still face while writing?

I learn to write by practicing free writing on different topics from my English teacher. The most difficult thing in writing for me was to start writing. I felt a lot of difficulties at the beginning. Then I started doing things repeatedly. Every time I write, the writing looked better and better. I created a blog page and write blogs daily. Written articles related to stories, reports, news etc. inspired me to write. There are some of the challenges that I still face which are as follows:

1. Grammatical errors
2. Spelling Errors
3. Lack of Ideas
4. Poor Creativity

Sharing Tradition Class 11 Compulsory English Exercise : Summary and Question Answers

 

Summary

"Sharing Tradition" by Frank LaPena is a heartfelt exploration of Native American art, culture, and traditions, particularly focusing on the California Native American experience. LaPena, a Wintu artist and scholar, emphasizes the critical role of preserving and transmitting cultural heritage across generations. He underscores the importance of elders and cultural leaders in educating the younger generation, ensuring that traditional knowledge and practices are not lost but continually adapted to contemporary contexts. This theme of cultural transmission is central to the book, highlighting the living nature of heritage that evolves while staying deeply rooted in history.

The book delves into various forms of Native American artistic expression, including visual arts, music, dance, and storytelling. LaPena illustrates how these art forms are vital components of cultural and spiritual life, serving as connections between the past and present. He discusses the symbolic meanings and traditional knowledge embedded in these expressions, noting their significance in maintaining cultural identity and resilience. Through vivid descriptions and personal anecdotes, LaPena provides a rich narrative that celebrates the creativity and spiritual depth of Native American art.

LaPena also addresses the challenges faced by Native American communities in preserving their traditions amidst modernization and cultural assimilation. He highlights the resilience and adaptability of these communities, emphasizing their efforts to revitalize and sustain their cultural practices despite external pressures. This resilience is portrayed through the stories of contemporary Native artists who blend traditional techniques with modern themes, showcasing the dynamic nature of Native American art.

In conclusion, "Sharing Tradition" serves as both a documentation of cultural practices and a call to action for cultural preservation. LaPena's narrative is a profound tribute to the enduring legacy of Native American culture, reminding readers of the importance of understanding, respecting, and sharing traditions. Through his insights and experiences, LaPena encourages a deeper appreciation of Native American heritage and supports ongoing efforts to sustain these vital cultural expressions.

Answer the following questions.

a. According to LaPena, what is the importance of the oral tradition? To what extent do you agree with his opinions and why?

Frank Lapena, the writer of this essay give more importance in the oral tradition. According to him, the tradition followed by our elders must be passed from generation to generation orally. It helps to maintain our cultural resource.
Yes, I agree with his opinion because oral tradition helps the young generation to know about the lifestyle. Social, cultural environment of our elders in the past moreover, they can know about their family history. Our culture is our identity simply oral tradition helps people to preserve their identity.

b. Who preserve and pass on the oral tradition?

Oral tradition is a form of human communication in which knowledge, culture, traditions, ideas etc. are transmitted orally from one generation to another generation. Its duty of every to preserve and promote to pass on their tradition because they are experienced one.

c. What is the danger of not passing on information from generation to generation?

If the information from one generation to generation is not passed then there will not be perseverance of cultural environment i.e. following festivals, religion etc. our identity and values will be no more left.

d. What is the difference between oral tradition and literary tradition?

The difference between oral tradition and literary tradition is that in an oral tradition information related to culture and values are transmitted from generation to generation through oral means whereas in literary tradition information is transmitted through written means.

e. How does LaPena establish a relationship between art and the oral tradition?

Both art and the oral tradition are the form of communication in which the author or story teller tries to convey a message to the listener/reader. LaPena presents the oral tradition as the source of our inspiration for art. He says that the oral tradition has an impact on how one visualizes the stories, the characters, the designs and color for art.

 Long Questions

Question 1: How does Frank LaPena describe the role of elders in preserving Native American traditions?

Answer: Frank LaPena emphasizes the critical role of elders in preserving Native American traditions, viewing them as the primary custodians of cultural knowledge and heritage. Elders are portrayed as the living repositories of history, wisdom, and traditional practices. They play a vital role in educating the younger generation, ensuring that cultural knowledge is passed down through storytelling, ceremonies, and direct teaching. LaPena highlights the importance of this intergenerational transmission, noting that it is through the elders' guidance that young people learn the values, beliefs, and customs of their community. He argues that the respect and reverence for elders are fundamental to maintaining cultural continuity, as they provide the link between the past and the present. Elders' narratives, infused with personal experiences and ancestral knowledge, are essential in instilling a sense of identity and belonging in the younger generation. LaPena's reflections underscore the communal responsibility to honor and support elders, recognizing their indispensable role in the survival and revitalization of Native American traditions.

Question 2: In what ways does LaPena illustrate the significance of art in Native American culture?

Answer: LaPena illustrates the significance of art in Native American culture by presenting it as a multifaceted expression of identity, spirituality, and community values. He explores various art forms, including visual arts, music, dance, and storytelling, each carrying deep symbolic meanings and traditional knowledge. LaPena explains that Native American art is not merely decorative but serves as a vital component of cultural and spiritual life. For instance, he discusses how certain designs and motifs in visual arts are imbued with stories and teachings that reflect the worldview and history of the community. In music and dance, LaPena highlights the ceremonial importance, noting that these performances are often integral to rituals and communal gatherings, reinforcing social bonds and spiritual beliefs. Storytelling, another crucial art form, is described as a way to preserve and transmit cultural narratives, moral lessons, and historical events. Through these artistic expressions, LaPena demonstrates how art functions as a bridge between generations, connecting the past with the present and ensuring the continuity of cultural identity. His insights reveal the dynamic and resilient nature of Native American art, which adapts to contemporary contexts while maintaining its traditional essence.

Question 3: What challenges does LaPena identify in the preservation of Native American traditions, and how do communities address these challenges?

Answer: LaPena identifies several challenges in the preservation of Native American traditions, including cultural assimilation, loss of language, and the impact of modernization and globalization. He explains that external pressures, such as colonization, forced relocation, and the imposition of Western education systems, have disrupted traditional ways of life and led to the erosion of cultural practices and languages. Additionally, the allure of modern lifestyles and the pervasive influence of mainstream media pose further threats to the continuity of Native traditions.

Despite these challenges, LaPena highlights the resilience and adaptability of Native American communities in addressing these issues. He notes that many communities are actively engaged in cultural revitalization efforts, such as language preservation programs, cultural education initiatives, and the revival of traditional ceremonies and practices. LaPena underscores the importance of cultural centers and educational institutions that focus on teaching Native American history, art, and traditions. These efforts are often spearheaded by dedicated cultural leaders and activists who work tirelessly to reclaim and sustain their heritage.

Moreover, LaPena points out that contemporary Native artist play a crucial role in this revitalization process. By blending traditional techniques with modern themes, these artists create works that resonate with younger generations while honoring their cultural roots. Through their creativity and innovation, they contribute to the ongoing evolution of Native American art and ensure that it remains a vibrant and relevant aspect of their cultural identity. LaPena's reflections convey a message of hope and determination, emphasizing that, despite the obstacles, Native American communities is committed to preserving their traditions and passing them on to future generations.

Question 4: How does LaPena connect personal experiences to broader cultural themes in "Sharing Tradition"?

Answer: LaPena skillfully connects his personal experiences to broader cultural themes by intertwining autobiographical reflections with insights into Native American traditions and values. His narrative is enriched with anecdotes from his own life, which serve to illustrate the universal themes of identity, belonging, and cultural preservation. For instance, LaPena often recounts his experiences of participating in traditional ceremonies, learning from elders, and creating art that reflects his cultural heritage. These personal stories provide a tangible context for the abstract concepts he discusses, making them more relatable and impactful for readers.

Through his personal lens, LaPena explores the significance of cultural practices and the emotional and spiritual connections they foster. He shares how his upbringing and involvement in community activities have shaped his understanding of tradition and his sense of duty to uphold and share it. His experiences as an artist are particularly poignant, as he describes the creative process as both a personal journey and a communal responsibility. By drawing on his life story, LaPena demonstrates the profound influence of cultural heritage on individual identity and the collective well-being of the community.

Moreover, LaPena's personal reflections highlight the challenges and triumphs of living as a contemporary Native American. He candidly discusses the struggles of navigating between modern society and traditional values, providing a nuanced perspective on the complexities of cultural adaptation and resilience. His narrative is a testament to the enduring power of tradition, as seen through his commitment to preserving and sharing his heritage despite the obstacles. In this way, LaPena's personal experiences serve as a microcosm of the broader cultural themes he explores, offering readers an intimate and authentic understanding of the importance of sharing tradition.