NEB class 12 Unit 8 Adjective, Comparative, and Superlative

C. Add suitable suffix to the root words given and write the parts of speech of each newly formed word.

Root Word	Suffix	New Word	Part of Speech
Neighbour	hood	Neighbourhood	Noun
Comfort	able	Comfortable	Adjective
Shop	ing	Shopping	Noun
Husk	er	Husker	Noun
Squeamish	ly	Squeamishly	Adverb
Change	ing	Changing	Adjective
Shine	ing	Shining	Adjective
Colloquial	ly	Colloquially	Adverb
Collect	ion	Collection	Noun
Embarrass	ment	Embarrassment	Noun
Persuade	ive	Persuasive	Adjective
Type	ing	Typing	Noun/Adjective*
Differ	ence	Difference	Noun
Ship	ing	Shipping	Noun/Adjective*
Tropic	al	Tropical	Adjective
Drive	ing	Driving	Adjective
Reside	ence	Residence	Noun
Brother	hood	Brotherhood	Noun
Fresh	ness	Freshness	Noun

 

Definition & Examples of Adjective, Comparative, and Superlative

1. Adjective

An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun by giving information about its quality, size, shape, color, etc.

🔹 Examples:

• The sky is blue.
• She has a beautiful dress.
• This is a difficult question.

2. Comparative

A comparative adjective is used to compare two things, showing a difference in degree or quality. Usually, "-er" is added to short adjectives, while "more" is used before longer adjectives.

🔹 Examples:

• This book is thicker than that one.
• Today is colder than yesterday.
• This movie is more interesting than the previous one.

3. Superlative

A superlative adjective is used to compare three or more things and shows the highest or lowest degree of a quality. "-est" is added to short adjectives, while "most" is used before longer adjectives.

 Examples:

• Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
• That was the best decision of my life.
• She is the most intelligent student in the class.

Little, less, least, more, much, and most are used in sentences:

1. Little (adjective & adverb)

• Used to describe a small amount of something (especially uncountable nouns).
  Examples:
• I have little money left. (very small amount)
• She showed little interest in the project.

2. Less (comparative form of "little")

• Used to compare two things, meaning a smaller amount.
  Examples:
• This bottle has less water than that one.
• You should eat less sugar for a healthy life.

3. Least (superlative form of "little")

• Used to show the smallest amount.
  Examples:
• He did the least work among all of us.
• This is the least expensive phone in the store.

4. Much (adjective & adverb)

• Used to describe a large amount (especially with uncountable nouns).
  Examples:
• I don’t have much time to talk.
• She has much experience in this field.

5. More (comparative form of "much")

• Used to compare two things, meaning a greater amount.
  Examples:
• I need more water to fill the glass.
• She is more confident now than before.

6. Most (superlative form of "much")

• Used to show the greatest amount.
  Examples:
• This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.
• She has the most experience in the team.

 Grammar

B. Use the words from the brackets to complete the sentences.

a. This house is very small. I want to buy a much bigger one. (much / big)
b. I liked the magic show. It was far more exciting than I’d expected. (far / exciting)
c. It was very cold yesterday. It’s a bit warmer today. (a bit / warm)
d. The warmer the weather the better I feel. (good)
e. An average American earns considerably higher than an average Nepali. (considerably / high)
f. Health care in Nepal is not as expensive as it is in the US. (expensive)
g. I think the problem is far more complicated than it seems. (far / complicated)
h. You are driving very fast. Would you please drive a bit slowly? (a bit/ slowly)
i. Your handwriting is not legible. Can you write a bit neat? (a bit/ neat)

C. Rewrite the following sentences with the sentence beginnings given below.

a. Kabir is less intelligent than he pretends. He is not as intelligent as he pretends.
b. I am busy today but I was busier yesterday. I’m not as busier as I was yesterday.
c. Hari has lived in Kathmandu for 10 years but Bikram for 20 years. Bikram has lived in Kathmandu 10 years more than Hari.
d. I used to study 12 hours a day but nowadays I study only 5 hours a day. I don’t study as much as I used to do.
e. It’s a very good room in our hotel. In fact, it’s the best compared to other.
f. He earns 30 thousand rupees a month but spends 40 thousand. He spends more than he earns.
g. There is no other mountain higher than Mt. Everest in the world. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
h. The place was nearer than I thought. It was not as far as I thought.
i. Bharat can play better than Mohan. Mohan can’t play as good as Bharat.

Critical thinking

a. If you happen to be in Japan someday, will you collect articles from sodaigomi? Why or why not?

If I happen to be in Japan someday, I would definitely consider collecting articles from sodaigomi (large-sized garbage) under certain circumstances. Sodaigomi usually consists of old furniture, appliances, and other bulky items that people discard. Collecting from it could be useful if I am looking for something reusable or if I want to practice sustainable living by recycling materials. Many Japanese households carefully dispose of unwanted items, and some of these can be restored, repaired, or repurposed creatively. For example, old wooden furniture might be polished and reused, or appliances can be refurbished with technical knowledge.

However, I would also be cautious. Collecting items from sodaigomi may require permission from local authorities, as some items are meant for proper disposal and recycling systems. Hygiene and safety are also concerns, as some discarded objects might be broken or unsanitary. Therefore, I would only collect items that are clearly usable, safe, and legally allowed to take.

In conclusion, collecting from sodaigomi could be both an environmentally friendly and practical activity if done responsibly. It would give me a chance to reuse resources while experiencing an interesting aspect of Japanese culture.

b. There are some second hand shops in Nepal, too. But, people are not much interested in them. What practice would be suitable in managing second hand items in Nepal?

In Nepal, second-hand shops exist, but people generally avoid them due to social perceptions, lack of awareness, and concerns about quality and hygiene. However, managing second-hand items properly can be both environmentally friendly and economically beneficial. One suitable practice is to establish organized thrift stores where donated or pre-owned items are carefully checked, cleaned, and displayed. Proper labeling of quality, brand, and condition can increase buyers’ confidence and encourage purchases.

Another effective approach is promoting online platforms for buying and selling second-hand items. Social media groups, mobile apps, or websites can make second-hand goods accessible to a wider audience and reduce physical barriers. Regular awareness campaigns emphasizing the environmental benefits of recycling and reusing goods can change public attitudes. For example, people may realize that buying second-hand reduces waste, saves money, and supports sustainable consumption.

Additionally, NGOs and local municipalities could collaborate to organize periodic collection drives for clothes, books, furniture, and electronics. These items can then be redistributed to people in need or sold at reasonable prices. Incentives such as discounts or tax benefits for donating items may also encourage participation.

In conclusion, proper management of second-hand items in Nepal requires a combination of organization, awareness, and accessibility. By adopting these practices, Nepal can reduce waste, promote sustainability, and provide affordable goods to people, while gradually changing the public perception that second-hand items are inferior.

Writing

A. Write a paragraph elaborating the idea of 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) in garbage management.

3Rs – Reduce, Reuse & Recycle

The concept of the 3Rs—Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle—is fundamental in effective garbage management and environmental conservation. Reduce means minimizing the amount of waste we produce in our daily lives. By buying only what is necessary, avoiding single-use products, and choosing durable items, we can significantly cut down the generation of garbage. Reducing waste not only conserves resources but also decreases the burden on landfills, preventing environmental pollution.

Reuse refers to finding ways to use items multiple times instead of discarding them after a single use. Everyday objects like jars, bottles, old clothes, and bags can be creatively reused for storage, decoration, or other practical purposes. Reusing items extends their life, reduces demand for new products, and saves money. For instance, using cloth bags instead of plastic bags or repairing broken furniture instead of buying new ones are simple ways to practice reuse.

Recycle involves converting waste materials into new products. Paper, glass, metals, and plastics can be collected, processed, and transformed into useful items. Recycling helps conserve raw materials, reduces energy consumption, and minimizes pollution caused by the disposal of waste. Communities can establish collection centers for recyclable materials, while individuals can separate waste at home to facilitate recycling.

In combination, the 3Rs create a sustainable approach to waste management. They encourage responsible consumption, reduce environmental hazards, and promote a culture of sustainability. Governments, schools, and communities can play a crucial role in spreading awareness and implementing effective systems for reducing, reusing, and recycling waste. By following the 3Rs in daily life, everyone can contribute to a cleaner, healthier, and greener planet for present and future generations.

B. Garbage management is a big problem in most of the cities in Nepal. Write a letter to the editor to be published in the daily newspaper suggesting the ways of ‘Solving Garbage Problems.’

Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
August 26, 2025

To
The Editor
The Kathmandu Post
Kathmandu, Nepal

Subject: Suggestions for Solving Garbage Problems

Sir/Madam,

I am Balram Shah, a resident of Bharatpur, Chitwan, writing to highlight the urgent problem of garbage management in our cities. Rapid urbanization, increasing population, and careless disposal habits have made garbage a serious issue in most urban areas of Nepal. Open dumping, improper segregation, and lack of public awareness are polluting our streets, rivers, and air, and creating health hazards for the people.

To address this problem, I would like to suggest some practical measures. Firstly, waste segregation at the source should be made mandatory. Households and businesses must separate biodegradable, recyclable, and non-recyclable waste. This simple step would make collection, recycling, and disposal more efficient. Public awareness campaigns through schools, community programs, and media can educate people on proper waste management and the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling.

Secondly, municipalities should improve waste collection systems. Regular garbage pickups, adequate dustbins in public areas, and treatment plants for organic and recyclable waste are essential. Communities can also practice composting of biodegradable waste, which reduces landfill pressure while producing organic manure for agriculture.

Thirdly, promoting recycling and reuse can significantly reduce waste. Materials like plastics, paper, and metals can be processed into new products, and old clothes, furniture, and electronics can be donated or sold in second-hand markets. Incentives for eco-friendly practices by businesses and households can motivate people to adopt sustainable habits.

Lastly, strict monitoring and enforcement of waste management laws are necessary. Penalties for littering and rewards for responsible disposal can encourage citizens to participate actively in keeping cities clean.

In conclusion, garbage management requires a combined effort of the government, local authorities, and citizens. By adopting these measures, Nepalese cities can become cleaner, healthier, and more livable. I hope the concerned authorities take immediate steps to address this pressing issue.

Yours sincerely,
Balram Shah

 

A. 20 fill-in-the-blank questions with adjectives, comparatives, and superlatives. The correct word choices are provided in brackets.

Adjectives

1.      The sky is very ___ today. (blue, bluer, bluest)

2.      She bought a ___ dress for the party. (beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful)

3.      The soup tastes ___ with fresh herbs. (delicious, more delicious, most delicious)

4.      My grandmother’s house is very ___ but well-maintained. (old, older, oldest)

5.      This road looks ___ to drive on at night. (dangerous, more dangerous, most dangerous)

Comparatives

6.      This book is ___ than the one I read last week. (interesting, more interesting, most interesting)

7.      My car is ___ than yours. (fast, faster, fastest)

8.      Today is ___ than yesterday. (cold, colder, coldest)

9.      She is ___ than her brother. (tall, taller, tallest)

10. This problem is ___ than I expected. (difficult, more difficult, most difficult)

Superlatives

11. Mount Everest is the ___ mountain in the world. (high, higher, highest)

12. This is the ___ movie I have ever seen! (good, better, best)

13. She is the ___ student in the class. (intelligent, more intelligent, most intelligent)

14. That was the ___ decision I have ever made. (bad, worse, worst)

15. This is the ___ restaurant in town. (expensive, more expensive, most expensive)

Mixed Questions

16. My house is ___ than yours, but theirs is the ___ of all. (big, bigger, biggest)

17. He is the ___ person I know, but today he seems ___ than usual. (funny, funnier, funniest / serious, more serious, most serious)

18. This cake is ___ than the one I baked yesterday. (sweet, sweeter, sweetest)

19. Among all my friends, Rahul is the ___ . (kind, kinder, kindest)

20. The weather today is much ___ than last week. (warm, warmer, warmest)

     B. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb form

1.      She ___ to school every day. (go, goes, going)

2.      They ___ a new house last year. (buy, buys, bought)

3.      The sun ___ in the east. (rise, rises, rose)

4.      I ___ my homework before dinner yesterday. (do, did, done)

5.      He ___ football with his friends right now. (play, plays, playing)

6.      We ___ to the zoo next Sunday. (go, went, will go)

7.      She ___ a delicious cake for my birthday. (bake, bakes, baked)

8.      The baby ___ when she is hungry. (cry, cries, cried)

9.      He ___ his keys somewhere in the house. (lose, lost, losing)

10. My father ___ to work every morning. (drive, drives, drove)

11. They ___ the project by tomorrow. (complete, completes, will complete)

12. She ___ a novel when I called her. (read, reads, was reading)

13. The birds ___ in the sky. (fly, flies, flying)

14. She always ___ a glass of milk before bed. (drink, drinks, drank)

15. We ___ our grandparents every summer. (visit, visits, visited)

16. He ___ to music when he studies. (listen, listens, listened)

17. The teacher ___ the students to be quiet. (tell, tells, told)

18. I ___ a movie last night. (watch, watches, watched)

19. The children ___ in the park now. (play, plays, are playing)

20. He ___ an interesting story yesterday. (write, writes, wrote)

C. Arrange the words in alphabetical order:

1.      (Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Almond)

2.      (Ball, Balloon, Basket, Banana)

3.      (Cat, Candle, Carrot, Castle)

4.      (Dog, Doll, Drum, Dolphin)

5.      (Elephant, Eagle, Earth, Engine)

6.      (Flower, Fruit, Frog, Forest)

7.      (Garden, Gate, Giraffe, Gold)

8.      (House, Hammer, Honey, Horse)

9.      (Ice, Igloo, Iron, Island)

10. (Jacket, Jam, Jelly, Jungle)

11. (Kite, Kitchen, Kitten, King)

12. (Lamp, Ladder, Laptop, Lemon)

13. (Monkey, Mango, Market, Mirror)

14. (Nest, Net, Necklace, Newspaper)

15. (Tiger, Table, Tomato, Tunnel)

    Which quarter of the dictionary will you find the following words?

1.      Apple

2.      Giraffe

3.      Mango

4.      Rainbow

5.      Tiger

6.      Zebra

7.      Beautiful

8.      Mountain

9.      Ocean

10. Wizard