Parts of Speech NEB class 11 unit 1 (Word Class) in English Grammar

Parts of Speech (Word Class) in English Grammar

1. Noun

Definition: A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
Examples:

• Person: teacher, Rahul
• Place: school, Nepal
• Thing: book, car
• Idea: freedom, happiness
  Sentence: The cat is sleeping on the sofa.

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2. Pronoun

Definition: A word that replaces a noun to avoid repetition.
Examples: he, she, it, they, we, you, I
Sentence: Sita is my friend. She is very kind.

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3. Verb

Definition: A word that shows action or a state of being.
Examples: run, eat, is, have, go, was
Sentence: They are playing football.

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4. Adjective

Definition: A word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.
Examples: beautiful, small, red, angry, five
Sentence: He has a big house.

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5. Adverb

Definition: A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It tells how, when, where, or to what extent.
Examples: quickly, very, yesterday, outside, too
Sentence: She sings beautifully.
(beautifully modifies sings)

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6. Preposition

Definition: A word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and another word in the sentence (usually location, direction, time).
Examples: in, on, at, by, under, over, with
Sentence: The book is on the table.

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7. Conjunction

Definition: A word that joins words, phrases, or clauses.
Examples: and, but, or, because, although
Sentence: I wanted to go out, but it was raining.

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8. Interjection

Definition: A word or short phrase that expresses strong emotion or surprise.
Examples: Wow!, Oh no!, Hey!, Oops!
Sentence: “Wow! That was amazing!”

Note

Determiners

Part of Speech: Determiner (some grammars treat them as adjectives, but modern grammar treats them as a separate category)

Determiners come before nouns to show which one, how many, or whose.

 Types of Determiners include:

 1. Articles – a, an, the

2. Demonstratives – this, that, these, those

3. Possessives – my, your, his, her, our, their

4. Quantifiers – some, many, few, several, much, all

5. Numbers – one, two, ten, hundred

6. Interrogatives – which, what, whose

 Determiners are a distinct part of speech in modern grammar.

Grammar

Classify the underlined words into different word classes.

a. The man who is wearing glasses is my uncle’s friend.

who – pronoun
wearing – verb
my – determiner

b. I bought a round table in the supermarket.

round – adjective
the – determiner

c. Alas, she is dead.

Alas – interjection

d. Hari works very hard all the time but his wife is very lazy.

hard – adverb
wife – noun
very – adverb

e. I have never been to Japan.

never – adverb

f. Ann drove a car safely.

Ann – Noun
Safely – Adverb

g. Nobody has claimed it.

nobody – pronoun
it – pronoun

h. She cut her hand with a knife.

her – determiner
with – preposition

i. They have postponed the program because of rain.

have – verb
because of – preposition
rain – noun

j. Everybody comes to the party.

everybody – pronoun

k. All such people ought to be avoided.

all – determiner
such – determiner

l. All of the food has gone.

all – pronoun

m. What was that noise?

what – pronoun

n. One must not boast of one’s own success.

one – pronoun

o. Nobody was there to rescue the child.

nobody – pronoun

p. Neither of the accusations is true.

neither – pronoun

q. Neither answer is correct.

neither – determiner

r. Here is the book that you lent me.

here – adverb
that – pronoun

s. Without health there is no happiness.

without – preposition
health – noun
happiness – noun

Identify the part of speech of the bold word in each sentence

Identify the part of speech of the bold word in each sentence

1.      She quickly finished her homework.

2.      The cat slept on the warm bed.

3.      We went to the park because it was sunny.

4.      He is very talented.

5.      Wow! That was an amazing show.

6.      The bus stopped at the station.

7.      My brother runs every morning.

8.      I love eating Nepali food.

9.      The children were playing outside.

10. She bought a beautiful dress yesterday.

11. I will call you after dinner.

12. They have lived here since 2020.

13. Please give the book to him.

14. The old man walked slowly down the street.

15. Although it was raining, we went hiking.

16. Rina is a good dancer.

17. The teacher gave us a difficult assignment.

18. Hey! Are you listening to me?

19. We watched a movie, and then we had dinner.

20. The girl placed the flowers on the table.

Answers

1.      quickly — Adverb
Reason: Modifies the verb "finished," showing how she finished.

2.      warm — Adjective
Reason: Describes the noun "bed."

3.      because — Conjunction
Reason: Connects the two clauses "We went to the park" and "it was sunny."

4.      very — Adverb
Reason: Modifies the adjective "talented," intensifying it.

5.      Wow — Interjection
Reason: Expresses surprise or emotion.

6.      stopped — Verb
Reason: Main action in the sentence (past tense).

7.      runs — Verb
Reason: Main action performed regularly (present tense).

8.      eating — Verb (gerund)
Reason: Functions as the object of the verb "love," showing an action.

9.      playing — Verb
Reason: Describes ongoing action (past continuous tense).

10. beautiful — Adjective
Reason: Describes the noun "dress."

11. after — Preposition
Reason: Shows time relation between "call" and "dinner."

12. here — Adverb
Reason: Indicates place where "they have lived."

13. him — Pronoun
Reason: Object pronoun receiving the action "give."

14. slowly — Adverb
Reason: Modifies the verb "walked," describing how.

15. Although — Conjunction
Reason: Introduces a subordinate clause showing contrast.

16. dancer — Noun
Reason: A person who dances.

17. difficult — Adjective
Reason: Describes the noun "assignment."

18. Hey — Interjection
Reason: Used to get attention.

19. and — Conjunction
Reason: Joins two independent clauses.

20. on — Preposition
Reason: Shows the relationship between "placed" and "the table."