Matching Headings (List of Headings)
Passage 1: The Rise of Electric Vehicles
Paragraph
A
Electric
vehicles (EVs) have become increasingly popular in the last decade. Their
development has been driven by environmental concerns, technological
advancements, and government incentives. More people are switching from
traditional petrol or diesel cars to EVs due to lower emissions and running
costs.
Paragraph
B
One
of the biggest challenges to widespread EV adoption is the lack of
infrastructure, particularly charging stations. While urban areas have begun to
see an increase in charging points, rural and remote locations still lack
sufficient access, making long-distance travel difficult for EV users.
Paragraph
C
Battery
technology plays a vital role in the performance and cost of electric vehicles.
Recent improvements have increased battery life and reduced charging times, but
the production of batteries still relies on rare minerals, raising questions
about sustainability and ethical sourcing.
Paragraph
D
Governments
around the world are offering incentives to encourage people to buy electric
vehicles. These include tax reductions, subsidies, and permission to use
special lanes or parking areas. Such policies have led to a notable increase in
EV sales in countries like Norway and the UK.
Headings
List
- Government support for EVs
- The historical development of electric cars
- Challenges with EV infrastructure
- Environmental benefits of EVs
- Advancements in battery technology
- Public opinion about electric cars
- Reasons for increased EV popularity
Questions:
Match the headings (1–7) to paragraphs (A–D).
1. Paragraph A →
2. Paragraph B →
3. Paragraph C →
4. Paragraph D →
Answers
1. Paragraph A →VII. Reasons for
increased EV popularity
2. Paragraph B → III. Challenges with EV infrastructure
3. Paragraph C →V. Advancements in battery technology
4. Paragraph D →I. Government support for EVs
Passage 2: The History of Flight
Paragraph
A
For
centuries, humans dreamt of flying like birds. Early attempts included gliders
and parachutes, but it wasn't until the 18th century that the Montgolfier
brothers launched the first hot air balloon, marking a turning point in
aviation.
Paragraph
B
The
invention of powered flight came in 1903 when the Wright brothers successfully
flew a motorized aircraft. Their short flight proved that controlled, sustained
flight was possible and sparked a new era of innovation in aviation.
Paragraph
C
World
Wars I and II greatly accelerated the development of aircraft technology.
Planes became faster, more durable, and capable of flying longer distances.
This laid the foundation for modern commercial aviation.
Paragraph
D
Today,
air travel is one of the most common forms of transportation, connecting cities
across the globe. However, concerns about noise, pollution, and climate change
have led to efforts to make aviation more environmentally friendly.
Headings
List
- Aviation’s role in global transport
- Modern concerns about air travel
- Early efforts to achieve flight
- Impact of war on flight technology
- The Wright brothers’ breakthrough
- Environmental effects of aviation
- The future of air travel
Questions:
Match the headings (1–7) to paragraphs (A–D).
1. Paragraph A →
2. Paragraph B →
3. Paragraph C →
4. Paragraph D →
Answers
1. Paragraph A →(III) Early efforts to achieve flight
2. Paragraph B →(V) The Wright brothers’ breakthrough
3. Paragraph C →(IV). Impact of war on flight technology
4. Paragraph D →(II). Modern concerns about air travel
Practice 1: The Human Brain
Paragraph A
The human brain is the most complex organ in
the body. It is responsible for controlling all bodily functions, interpreting
sensory information, and enabling reasoning, emotions, and memory. Despite its
importance, much about how the brain works remains a mystery.
Paragraph B
Different parts of the brain are responsible
for different functions. The frontal lobe controls decision-making, while the
occipital lobe processes visual information. Damage to any of these areas can
lead to loss of specific abilities.
Paragraph C
Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to
reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. This ability allows people
to recover from injuries and adapt to changes in their environment.
Paragraph D
Although the brain is protected by the skull,
it is still vulnerable to diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. These
conditions can severely affect memory, movement, and personality.
Paragraph E
Brain scans such as MRI and CT have
revolutionized neuroscience by allowing doctors and researchers to view the
brain in great detail. These tools help in diagnosing injuries and
understanding brain function.
Paragraph F
Many scientists believe that sleep plays an
essential role in brain health. During sleep, the brain consolidates memories
and removes toxins that build up during the day.
Headings (i–viii)
i. The brain's
ability to heal and adapt
ii. Technological tools for studying the brain
iii. The brain’s role in the immune system
iv. Complexity and significance of the brain
v. How sleep benefits the brain
vi. Brain-related illnesses
vii. Functions of different brain regions
viii. The evolution of the brain
Questions: Match the headings to the
paragraphs
1.
Paragraph A →
2. Paragraph B →
3. Paragraph C →
4. Paragraph D →
5. Paragraph E →
6. Paragraph F →
Answers
1.
Paragraph
A → iv
2.
Paragraph
B → vii
3.
Paragraph
C → i
4.
Paragraph
D → vi
5.
Paragraph
E → ii
6.
Paragraph
F → v
Practice 2: Urban Farming
Paragraph A
Urban farming involves growing food within
city environments. It includes rooftop gardens, vertical farming, and community
plots, helping cities become more self-sufficient.
Paragraph B
One major benefit of urban farming is that it
provides fresh produce locally, reducing the need for long-distance
transportation and minimizing carbon emissions.
Paragraph C
Many urban areas suffer from food
deserts—regions where residents lack access to affordable, healthy food. Urban
farming can help solve this by producing food where it's needed most.
Paragraph D
Despite its benefits, urban farming faces
challenges. These include lack of space, pollution, and zoning laws that can
restrict agricultural activity in cities.
Paragraph E
Vertical farming is a promising innovation. It
involves growing plants in stacked layers using LED lights and controlled
conditions, increasing yield in a small footprint.
Paragraph F
Some cities are supporting urban agriculture
by offering tax breaks, grants, and public land to community farming groups,
promoting healthier lifestyles and greener spaces.
Headings (i–viii)
i. Government
support for city agriculture
ii. Environmental and health advantages
iii. High-tech farming techniques
iv. Barriers to growing food in cities
v. The concept and types of urban farming
vi. Solving the urban food access crisis
vii. History of farming in urban areas
viii. Community reaction to farming in cities
Questions: Match the headings to the
paragraphs
1.
Paragraph A →
2. Paragraph B →
3. Paragraph C →
4. Paragraph D →
5. Paragraph E →
6. Paragraph F →
Answers
1.
Paragraph
A → v
2.
Paragraph
B → ii
3.
Paragraph
C → vi
4.
Paragraph
D → iv
5.
Paragraph
E → iii
6.
Paragraph
F → i
Practice 3: Climate Change and
Its Effects
Paragraph A
Climate change is causing more extreme weather
events worldwide. From intense hurricanes to prolonged droughts, the impacts
are becoming more frequent and severe, affecting both humans and ecosystems.
Paragraph B
One significant cause of climate change is the
burning of fossil fuels. This releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere, trapping heat and raising global temperatures.
Paragraph C
The melting of glaciers and polar ice caps has
led to rising sea levels. Coastal areas are now more prone to flooding, and
some low-lying regions are at risk of disappearing altogether.
Paragraph D
Wildlife is also being affected by climate
change. Many species are forced to migrate to cooler areas, while others face
extinction due to habitat loss and changing temperatures.
Paragraph E
Governments and organizations are working to
fight climate change through international agreements, renewable energy
investment, and promoting sustainable lifestyles.
Paragraph F
Individuals can also contribute by reducing
energy use, recycling, using public transport, and supporting eco-friendly
products and policies.
Headings (i–viii)
i. How
governments are responding
ii. Global warming and fossil fuels
iii. Environmental consequences for animals
iv. The role of individuals in climate action
v. The science of greenhouse gases
vi. Effects on sea levels and coastlines
vii. Examples of extreme weather
viii. Climate change denial and misinformation
Questions: Match the headings to the
paragraphs
1.
Paragraph A →
2. Paragraph B →
3. Paragraph C →
4. Paragraph D →
5. Paragraph E →
6. Paragraph F →
Answers
1.
Paragraph
A → vii
2.
Paragraph
B → ii
3.
Paragraph
C → vi
4.
Paragraph
D → iii
5.
Paragraph
E → i
6.
Paragraph
F → iv
Practice 4: The History of
Writing Systems
Paragraph A
The earliest
writing systems appeared around 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia and Egypt. These
systems used pictorial symbols to record transactions and tell stories.
Paragraph B
Cuneiform,
developed by the Sumerians, involved pressing wedge-shaped marks into clay
tablets. It was used for administrative, legal, and literary purposes.
Paragraph C
The ancient
Egyptians created hieroglyphics, a complex system of pictures and symbols used
mainly for religious and ceremonial writing on monuments.
Paragraph D
The invention of
the alphabet simplified writing. The Phoenicians developed a set of letters
representing sounds, which later influenced Greek and Latin alphabets.
Paragraph E
The printing
press, invented by Gutenberg in the 15th century, revolutionized writing by
making books cheaper and more widely available to the public.
Paragraph F
Today, digital
technology has transformed writing once again. From texting and emails to blogs
and social media, communication is now faster and more global than ever.
Headings (i–viii)
i. Digital
transformation of writing
ii. Development of ancient pictorial scripts
iii. Writing’s role in religion and art
iv. Invention of the alphabet
v. Cuneiform’s practical uses
vi. The history of writing tools
vii. Impact of the printing press
viii. Early writing in ancient civilizations
Questions: Match the headings to the
paragraphs
1.
Paragraph A →
2. Paragraph B →
3. Paragraph C →
4. Paragraph D →
5. Paragraph E →
6. Paragraph F →
Answers
1.
Paragraph
A → viii
2.
Paragraph
B → v
3.
Paragraph
C → iii
4.
Paragraph
D → iv
5.
Paragraph
E → vii
6.
Paragraph
F → i
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