Summary completions
The Rise of Electric Bicycles
In
recent years, electric bicycles, commonly known as e-bikes, have gained
remarkable popularity in cities around the world. This growth can be attributed
to several factors, the most significant being the need for efficient and
environmentally friendly transportation. As traffic congestion worsens in many
urban areas, commuters are increasingly turning to e-bikes as an alternative to
cars and buses.
E-bikes
combine traditional cycling with the assistance of an electric motor. This
feature allows riders to travel longer distances without becoming exhausted. It
also encourages people who are less physically active, such as the elderly, to
choose cycling as a practical mode of transport. Additionally, e-bikes help
reduce air pollution because they produce zero emissions while in use.
Many
governments have recognized the benefits of electric bicycles and have
introduced supportive policies. These include subsidies for purchasing e-bikes,
as well as the development of dedicated cycling lanes that make riding safer.
In some countries, companies even offer e-bike rental services to promote
short-distance travel and reduce reliance on fossil-fuel-powered vehicles.
Despite
their advantages, e-bikes also face certain challenges. The initial cost of
purchasing an electric bicycle is higher than that of a regular cycle, which
discourages some buyers. Moreover, safety concerns arise due to the higher
speeds that e-bikes can reach. Nevertheless, as technology improves and
awareness spreads, experts believe that electric bicycles will continue to play
an important role in transforming urban transportation.
Summary Completion Questions (No Options)
Complete the summary below using a
suitable word or short phrase from the passage.
1.
Electric bicycles have become
popular mainly because people want transport that is both efficient and
__________________.
2.
The electric motor in e-bikes helps
riders avoid __________________ during long journeys.
3.
Some governments encourage the use
of electric bicycles by providing __________________ on their purchase.
4.
Companies in certain countries
promote short-distance travel by offering __________________ services.
5.
One problem with e-bikes is that
their initial price is higher than a __________________ bicycle.
6.
Safety concerns arise because
e-bikes can travel at relatively __________________.
7.
Experts predict that electric
bicycles will significantly change the future of __________________ transport.
Answers with Reasons
1. environmentally friendly
Reason: The passage states that e-bikes are
popular because people need transportation that is “efficient and
environmentally friendly.”
2. becoming exhausted
Reason: The passage explains that the
electric motor “allows riders to travel longer distances without becoming
exhausted.”
3. subsidies
Reason: The passage mentions that governments
have introduced supportive policies, including “subsidies for purchasing
e-bikes.”
4. e-bike rental
Reason: It says that companies “offer e-bike
rental services to promote short-distance travel.”
5. regular
Reason: The passage clearly states that “the
initial cost… is higher than that of a regular cycle.”
6. higher speeds
Reason: Safety concerns exist because e-bikes
“can reach higher speeds.”
7. urban
Reason: Experts believe e-bikes will play an
important role in transforming “urban transportation.”
Passage 2: The Benefits of Urban Green Spaces
As cities continue to expand, the importance of urban green spaces has become increasingly clear. Parks, gardens, and natural reserves inside cities offer numerous advantages for both the environment and the people who live there. They help reduce air pollution by absorbing harmful gases and producing oxygen. Trees and plants also help regulate temperature, making cities cooler during hot seasons.
Urban
green spaces provide social and psychological benefits as well. Studies show
that people who spend time in nature experience reduced stress levels and
improved mental health. Areas such as gardens and community parks encourage
outdoor activities like walking, jogging, and family gatherings, which
contribute to healthier lifestyles.
From
an environmental perspective, green spaces support biodiversity by providing
habitats for birds, insects, and small animals. They also help manage
rainwater, reducing the risk of flooding in densely populated areas. Many
cities are now investing in the development of rooftop gardens and vertical
forests to maximize the use of limited space.
Despite
these benefits, maintaining green areas in cities is challenging. High land
prices make it difficult for governments to reserve space for parks.
Additionally, the cost of maintaining plants, cleaning the area, and ensuring
public safety requires significant financial resources. However, urban planners
believe that increasing the number of green spaces is essential for creating
sustainable and livable cities in the future.
Summary Completion Questions (No Options)
Complete
the summary with a suitable word or short phrase from the passage.
1.
Urban green spaces help reduce pollution by absorbing harmful
gases and producing __________________.
2.
Spending time in nature improves mental health by reducing
__________________ levels.
3.
Community parks promote healthier lifestyles by encouraging
various __________________ activities.
4.
Green spaces protect biodiversity by providing __________________
for different species.
5.
Managing rainwater in cities is easier because green areas help
reduce the risk of __________________.
6.
One major challenge is that the high price of __________________
makes it difficult to create parks.
7.
Urban planners believe that more green spaces are essential for
building __________________ cities.
Answers
with Reasons
1.
oxygen
Reason:
The passage states that plants “absorb harmful gases and produce oxygen.”
2.
stress
Reason:
It mentions that people in nature experience “reduced stress levels.”
3.
outdoor
Reason:
The passage notes that parks encourage “outdoor activities like walking,
jogging, and family gatherings.”
4.
habitats
Reason:
The passage says green spaces support biodiversity by providing “habitats for
birds, insects, and small animals.”
5.
flooding
Reason:
Green spaces “help manage rainwater, reducing the risk of flooding.”
6.
land
Reason:
The passage explains that “high land prices make it difficult for governments
to reserve space for parks.”
7.
sustainable
Reason:
It says planners believe green spaces are essential for creating “sustainable
and livable cities.”
Passage 3: The History of Public Libraries
Public
libraries have played an important role in society for centuries. The earliest
libraries were private collections owned by wealthy individuals, religious
institutions, or royal families. Access to these collections was limited, and
ordinary people rarely had the opportunity to read or borrow books. However,
with the spread of literacy during the 18th and 19th centuries, the idea of
libraries as public institutions began to grow.
The
first modern public libraries were established to promote education and provide
free access to books for people of all backgrounds. These libraries became
essential for students, researchers, and communities seeking information. Over
time, libraries expanded their services beyond books. Many now provide
computers, internet access, educational programs, and spaces for community
gatherings.
With
the rise of digital technology, libraries have adapted to changing needs. They
offer e-books, online databases, and digital archives that allow users to
access information from anywhere. Some libraries even lend out items like
musical instruments, tools, and laptops to support community development.
Despite these changes, the core mission of libraries—to provide free and equal
access to knowledge—remains unchanged.
However,
libraries face financial challenges. Budget cuts in many regions have made it
difficult to maintain services, update technology, and hire staff.
Nevertheless, librarians and community members continue to advocate for the
importance of libraries in preserving knowledge and supporting lifelong
learning.
Summary Completion Questions
Complete the summary below using a
suitable word or short phrase from the passage.
1.
Early libraries were private collections that belonged mostly to
wealthy people or __________________ institutions.
2.
Modern public libraries were created to support education and give
everyone free access to __________________.
3.
Today, libraries also provide digital resources such as e-books
and __________________ archives.
4.
Some libraries lend out equipment like tools and
__________________ to help communities.
5.
Budget cuts in many areas make it difficult for libraries to
update technology and hire __________________.
6.
Despite challenges, libraries continue to promote
__________________ learning.
7.
The main purpose of libraries has always been to provide equal
access to __________________.
Answers
with Reasons
1.
religious
Reason: The
passage says early libraries were owned by “wealthy individuals, religious
institutions, or royal families.”
2.
books
Reason:
It states that public libraries were established to give people “free access to
books.”
3.
digital
Reason: The
passage mentions “digital archives” as part of library services.
4.
laptops
Reason:
It says some libraries lend “musical instruments, tools, and laptops.”
5.
staff
Reason:
Budget cuts make it difficult to “hire staff.”
6.
lifelong
Reason: The
passage notes that libraries support “lifelong learning.”
7.
knowledge
Reason:
It states the core mission is to provide “free and equal access to knowledge.”
Passage 4: Renewable Energy in Modern Cities
As
cities continue to grow, the demand for energy increases rapidly. To meet this
demand in a sustainable way, many urban areas are turning to renewable energy
sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. These sources are considered
cleaner and more environmentally friendly compared to traditional fossil fuels.
Solar panels on rooftops, for example, allow households and businesses to
generate their own electricity and reduce dependence on power plants.
Wind
turbines are another important source of renewable energy. Although they require
open spaces, advancements in technology have made it possible to install
smaller turbines suitable for urban environments. Hydropower, on the other
hand, is commonly used by cities located near rivers, allowing them to harness
the natural flow of water to produce electricity.
Governments
are playing a major role in promoting renewable energy. Many offer tax
reductions, incentives, or financial support to individuals and companies who
invest in green technology. Some cities have even introduced strict regulations
to limit the use of coal or diesel-based generators, encouraging more people to
shift toward cleaner alternatives.
However,
the transition to renewable energy is not without challenges. The initial
installation cost of solar panels or wind turbines can be high, and
weather-dependent energy sources may produce less electricity during certain
seasons. Despite these issues, experts believe that renewable energy is
essential for reducing pollution and ensuring a sustainable future for modern
cities.
Summary Completion Questions
Complete the summary with a
suitable word or short phrase from the passage.
1.
Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind are cleaner and
more __________________ than fossil fuels.
2.
Rooftop solar panels allow people to generate their own
__________________.
3.
Technological improvements have led to smaller __________________
suitable for cities.
4.
Cities near rivers often use __________________ to produce
electricity.
5.
Governments promote renewable energy by offering financial
__________________ to investors.
6.
One difficulty is that renewable sources may produce less energy
in certain __________________.
7.
Experts believe renewable energy is crucial for creating a
__________________ future.
Answers
with Reasons
1.
environmentally friendly
Reason:
The passage says renewable sources are “cleaner and more environmentally
friendly” than fossil fuels.
2.
electricity
Reason:
Rooftop solar panels allow users to “generate their own electricity.”
3.
turbines
Reason:
The passage mentions the development of “smaller turbines suitable for urban
environments.”
4.
hydropower
Reason:
It explains that cities near rivers use hydropower to create electricity.
5.
support / incentives
Reason:
The passage states that governments offer “tax reductions, incentives, or
financial support.”
(You may write support or incentives,
both from the passage.)
6.
seasons
Reason:
The passage says renewable energy may produce less electricity during certain
“seasons.”
7.
sustainable
Reason:
Experts believe renewable energy is essential for ensuring a “sustainable
future.”
.png)
No comments:
Post a Comment