Infectious disease

Definition (परिभाषा)

Infectious diseases are diseases that spread from one person to another through microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
(संचारी रोग वे रोग होते हैं जो एक व्यक्ति से दूसरे व्यक्ति में फैलते हैं।)

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Modes of Spread (फैलने के तरीके)

• Air (हवा से) → coughing, sneezing
• Water (पानी से) → contaminated water
• Food (भोजन से) → infected food
• Contact (स्पर्श से) → touching, body fluids
• Insects (कीट/मच्छर से) → mosquito, flies

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50 Common Infectious Diseases (50 सामान्य संचारी रोग विस्तार से)

1–10 Airborne Diseases (हवा से फैलने वाले रोग)

1. Tuberculosis (तपेदिक) – Bacterial lung infection; spreads by coughing
2. COVID-19 (कोरोना वायरस रोग) – Viral disease; fever, cough
3. Influenza (फ्लू) – Seasonal viral infection
4. Measles (खसरा) – Highly contagious rash disease
5. Chickenpox (चेचक) – Itchy blisters
6. Common Cold (सर्दी) – Mild viral infection
7. Whooping Cough (काली खाँसी) – Severe cough
8. Mumps (कंठमाला) – Swelling of glands
9. Diphtheria (डिप्थीरिया) – Throat infection
10. Pneumonia (निमोनिया) – Lung infection

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11–20 Water/Food-borne Diseases (पानी/भोजन से)

11. Cholera (हैजा) – Severe diarrhea from dirty water
12. Typhoid (टाइफाइड) – High fever from bacteria
13. Hepatitis A (हेपेटाइटिस A) – Liver infection
14. Food Poisoning (खाद्य विषाक्तता) – Vomiting, diarrhea
15. Amoebiasis (अमीबायसिस) – Intestinal infection
16. Giardiasis (जियार्डियासिस) – Parasite infection
17. Dysentery (पेचिश) – Bloody diarrhea
18. Rotavirus (रोटावायरस) – Children diarrhea
19. Norovirus (नोरोवायरस) – Vomiting illness
20. E. coli Infection (ई. कोलाई) – Stomach cramps

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21–30 Vector-borne Diseases (मच्छर/कीट से)

21. Malaria (मलेरिया) – Fever with chills
22. Dengue (डेंगू) – High fever, joint pain
23. Chikungunya (चिकनगुनिया) – Severe joint pain
24. Zika Virus (जीका वायरस) – Mild fever, rash
25. Yellow Fever (पीला बुखार) – Liver damage
26. Japanese Encephalitis (जापानी इंसेफेलाइटिस) – Brain infection
27. Leishmaniasis (लीशमैनियासिस) – Skin ulcers
28. Lyme Disease (लाइम रोग) – Tick-borne illness
29. Plague (प्लेग) – Bacterial disease from fleas
30. West Nile Virus (वेस्ट नाइल वायरस) – Fever

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31–40 Contact-based Diseases (संपर्क से)

31. Ringworm (दाद) – Fungal skin infection
32. Scabies (खुजली) – Skin mites
33. Herpes (हरपीज) – Viral infection
34. HIV/AIDS (एचआईवी/एड्स) – Weak immune system
35. Hepatitis B (हेपेटाइटिस B) – Liver infection
36. Hepatitis C (हेपेटाइटिस C)
37. Conjunctivitis (आँख आना) – Eye infection
38. Warts (मस्से) – Skin growth
39. Impetigo (इम्पेटिगो) – Bacterial skin infection
40. Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (हाथ-पैर-मुँह रोग)

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41–50 Other Common Infectious Diseases (अन्य)

41. Rabies (रेबीज) – Animal bite infection
42. Tetanus (टिटनेस) – Infection from wounds
43. Anthrax (एंथ्रेक्स) – Serious bacterial disease
44. Polio (पोलियो) – Paralysis disease
45. Smallpox (चेचक – समाप्त रोग)
46. Ebola (इबोला) – Severe bleeding fever
47. Lassa Fever (लासा बुखार)
48. Brucellosis (ब्रुसेलोसिस)
49. Salmonella (साल्मोनेला) – Food infection
50. Hantavirus (हंटावायरस) – Lung disease

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Prevention (रोकथाम)

• ✔ Wash hands regularly (हाथ धोएँ)
• ✔ Drink clean water (साफ पानी पिएँ)
• ✔ Eat hygienic food (स्वच्छ भोजन करें)
• ✔ Vaccination (टीकाकरण करवाएँ)
• ✔ Use mosquito nets (मच्छरदानी प्रयोग करें)