Tuberculosis (TB)

What is Tuberculosis? (परिचय)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs, but it can also affect other body parts like bones, brain, and kidneys.
(तपेदिक एक गंभीर संचारी रोग है जो मुख्यतः फेफड़ों को प्रभावित करता है।)

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Discovery (खोज)

• First discovered by: Robert Koch
• Year: 1882
• He discovered the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes TB.

This discovery helped doctors understand how TB spreads and how to treat it.

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Cause (कारण)

• Caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Spreads through air when an infected person:
• Coughs
• Sneezes
• Talks

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Symptoms (लक्षण)

• Persistent cough (2+ weeks) (लगातार खाँसी)
• Chest pain (सीने में दर्द)
• Coughing blood (खून आना)
• Fever (बुखार)
• Night sweats (रात में पसीना)
• Weight loss (वजन कम होना)
• Weakness (कमजोरी)

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Prevention (रोकथाम)

• ✔ BCG Vaccine (टीका) for children
• ✔ Cover mouth while coughing (खाँसते समय मुँह ढकें)
• ✔ Good ventilation (हवादार जगह)
• ✔ Early diagnosis (जल्दी जांच)
• ✔ Avoid close contact with TB patients

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Treatment / Medicines (इलाज)

• TB is curable with proper treatment
• Long-term antibiotics (6–9 months), such as:
• Isoniazid
• Rifampicin
• Ethambutol
• Pyrazinamide

Patients must complete the full course, otherwise TB can become drug-resistant.

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Injection / Vaccine (टीका)

• BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) Vaccine
• Given to newborn babies
• Protects against severe TB

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Safety Measures (सावधानियाँ)

• 😷 Wear mask if infected
• 🚫 Do not spit in public
• 🧼 Maintain hygiene
• 🏥 Regular medical check-up
• 🍎 Eat nutritious food to boost immunity

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In conclusion

• TB is caused by bacteria discovered by Robert Koch
• Spreads through air
• Shows symptoms like cough, fever, weight loss
• Prevented by vaccination & hygiene
• Treated with long-term antibiotics