Present Tense with its four sub-types

 Present Tense with its four sub-types 

Tense 1: Simple Present Tense

Structure: Subject + Verb (base form / +s/es for he/she/it) + Object

Use:

• Habits and routines.
• Universal facts and truths.
• Scheduled events (timetables).

Time Adverbs: Always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, every day/week/month, on Sundays, etc.

	English Example	Nepali Example (नेपाली)
1	I drink coffee every morning.	म हरेक बिहान कफी पिउँछु।
2	She teaches English at a school.	उनी एउटा विद्यालयमा अङ्ग्रेजी पढाउँछिन्।
3	The sun rises in the east.	सूर्य पूर्वमा उदाउँछ।
4	We visit our grandparents every Sunday.	हामी हरेक आइतबार हजुरबुबा-हजुरआमालाई भेट्न जान्छौं।
5	He works at a bank in Kathmandu.	उनी काठमाडौंको एउटा बैंकमा काम गर्छन्।
6	They play football in the evening.	उनीहरू साँझमा फुटबल खेल्छन्।
7	The train leaves at 6 PM tonight.	रेल आज राति ६ बजे छुट्छ।
8	I do not like spicy food.	मलाई मसलादार खाना मन पर्दैन।
9	Does he speak Nepali fluently?	के उनी राम्रोसँग नेपाली बोल्छन्?
10	Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.	पानी १०० डिग्री सेल्सियसमा उम्लिन्छ।

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Tense 2: Present Continuous Tense

Structure: Subject + is/am/are + Verb(+ing) + Object

Use:

• Actions happening right now at the moment of speaking.
• Temporary actions happening around now.
• Fixed future plans (arrangements).

Time Adverbs: Now, right now, at the moment, today, this week, currently, still, etc.

	English Example	Nepali Example (नेपाली)
1	I am studying for my PTE exam right now.	म अहिले PTE परीक्षाको लागि अध्ययन गरिरहेको छु।
2	She is cooking dinner in the kitchen.	उनी भान्सामा खाना पकाउँदै छिन्।
3	They are playing cricket at the moment.	उनीहरू यस क्षण क्रिकेट खेल्दै छन्।
4	We are leaving for Pokhara tomorrow morning.	हामी भोलि बिहान पोखराको लागि जाँदै छौं।
5	He is working on a new project this week.	उनी यो हप्ता एउटा नयाँ प्रोजेक्टमा काम गरिरहेका छन्।
6	I am not sleeping; I am just resting.	म सुतिरहेको छैन; म केवल आराम गरिरहेको छु।
7	Is she coming to the party tonight?	के उनी आज राति पार्टीमा आउँदै छिन्?
8	The baby is crying because she is hungry.	बच्चा रोइरहेको छ किनभने उसलाई भोक लागेको छ।
9	We are staying at a hotel near the airport.	हामी एयरपोर्ट नजिकको होटलमा बसिरहेका छौं।
10	My English is improving day by day.	मेरो अंग्रेजी दिनप्रतिदिन सुधार भइरहेको छ।

Tense 3: Present Perfect Tense

Structure: Subject + has/have + Past Participle (V3) + Object

Use:

• Past actions with a present result.
• Life experiences (ever/never).
• Actions completed recently (just/already).
• Actions that started in the past and continue to the present (with for/since).

Time Adverbs: Just, already, yet, ever, never, recently, lately, so far, up to now, for, since.

	English Example	Nepali Example (नेपाली)
1	I have finished my homework already.	मैले मेरो गृहकार्य पहिल्यै सकिसकेको छु।
2	She has never visited Europe.	उनले कहिल्यै युरोप भ्रमण गरेकी छैनन्।
3	They have just arrived at the station.	उनीहरू भर्खरै स्टेसनमा आइपुगेका छन्।
4	We have lived in this city for ten years.	हामी यो सहरमा दस वर्षदेखि बसिरहेका छौं।
5	He has lost his wallet, so he is worried.	उसले आफ्नो वालेट हराएको छ, त्यसैले ऊ चिन्तित छ।
6	I have not seen that movie yet.	मैले त्यो चलचित्र अहिलेसम्म हेरेको छैन।
7	Have you ever eaten Nepali Dal Bhat?	के तपाईंले कहिल्यै नेपाली दालभात खानुभएको छ?
8	She has written three books so far.	उनले हालसम्म तीनवटा किताब लेखिसकेकी छिन्।
9	The manager has called a meeting.	व्यवस्थापकले बैठक बोलाएका छन्।
10	I have known him since childhood.	म उसलाई बाल्यकालदेखि चिन्छु (यहाँ V3 'known' प्रयोग भएको छ)।

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Tense 4: Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Structure: Subject + has/have + been + Verb(+ing) + Object

Use:

• To emphasize the duration of an action that started in the past and is still continuing.
• To show that a recent activity has just stopped, but has a visible result in the present.

Time Adverbs: For (duration), Since (starting point), Lately, Recently, All day, All morning, How long...?

	English Example	Nepali Example (नेपाली)
1	I have been studying English for three hours.	म तीन घण्टादेखि अङ्ग्रेजी अध्ययन गरिरहेको छु।
2	She has been working here since 2015.	उनी २०१५ देखि यहाँ काम गरिरहेकी छिन्।
3	They have been playing football all morning.	उनीहरू बिहानैदेखि फुटबल खेलिरहेका छन्।
4	He is tired because he has been running.	ऊ थाकेको छ किनभने ऊ दौडिरहेको थियो (अर्थात् भर्खरै रोकिएको)।
5	We have been waiting for the bus for 20 minutes.	हामी २० मिनेटदेखि बसको पर्खाइ गरिरहेका छौं।
6	I have been feeling unwell lately.	मलाई पछिल्लो समय सन्चो नभएको महसुस भइरहेको छ।
7	How long have you been learning Nepali?	तपाईं कति समयदेखि नेपाली सिक्दै हुनुहुन्छ?
8	She has been cooking since 6 AM.	उनी बिहान ६ बजेदेखि खाना पकाउँदै छिन्।
9	The children have been watching TV all day.	बच्चाहरू दिनभरि टिभी हेरिरहेका छन्।
10	My hands are dirty because I have been fixing the car.	मेरा हात फोहोर छन् किनभने म गाडी मर्मत गरिरहेको थिएँ।

Quick Memory Chart for PTE Speaking (2026)

Tense	Structure	Key Time Words	When to use in PTE
Simple Present	Sub + V1/V5 + Obj	Always, Usually, Every day	Stating facts, routines, or scheduled events.
Present Continuous	Sub + is/am/are + Ving	Now, Right now, Today	Describing what is happening at this exact moment in a scenario.
Present Perfect	Sub + has/have + V3	Just, Already, Yet, Ever, For/Since	Giving recent news or explaining life experiences.
Present Perfect Continuous	Sub + has/have + been + Ving	For 10 mins, Since morning	Emphasizing effort/duration (e.g., "I've been waiting for hours!").