Use of have, had, has, have to, had to and has to

Use of have, had, has, have to, had to and has to

PART 1: POSSESSION / EXPERIENCE (स्वामित्व वा अनुभव)

English	Nepali Meaning	When to use	Example (English)	Example (Nepali)
Has	सँग छ (Sanga cha)	Used with He, She, It, Singular (Present)	She has a car.	उनीसँग गाडी छ। (Uni-sanga gadi cha.)
Have	सँग छ (Sanga cha)	Used with I, You, We, They, Plural (Present)	I have a car.	मसँग गाडी छ। (Ma-sanga gadi cha.)
Had	सँग थियो (Sanga thiyo)	Used with all subjects (Past)	She had a car.	उनीसँग गाडी थियो। (Uni-sanga gadi thiyo.)
Have + V3	गरिसकेको छु (Garisakeko chu)	Present Perfect	I have eaten.	मैले खाइसकेको छु। (Maile khai-sakeko chu.)
Has + V3	गरिसकेको छ (Garisakeko cha)	Present Perfect (He/She/It)	She has eaten.	उनले खाइसकेकी छिन्। (Unle khai-sakeki chhin.) (female) / उनले खाइसकेको छ। (general)
Had + V3	गरिसकेको थियो (Garisakeko thiyo)	Past Perfect	I had eaten before you came.	तिमी आउनुभन्दा अघि मैले खाइसकेको थियो।

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PART 2: OBLIGATION / NECESSITY (अनिवार्यता / जरुरी)

English	Nepali Meaning	When to use	Example (English)	Example (Nepali)
Has to	गर्नुपर्छ (Garnuparchha)	Used with He, She, It (Present)	She has to go to school.	उनी विद्यालय जानुपर्छ।
Have to	गर्नुपर्छ (Garnuparchha)	Used with I, You, We, They (Present)	I have to go to school.	म विद्यालय जानुपर्छ।
Had to	गर्नुपर्यो (Garnuparyo)	Used with all subjects (Past obligation)	She had to go to school yesterday.	उनी हिजो विद्यालय जानुपर्यो।

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PART 3: DETAILED EXAMPLES WITH NEPALI TRANSLATION

1. HAVE & HAS (Present Possession)

English: I have a pen. He has a book.

Nepali: मसँग कलम छ। उनीसँग किताब छ।
(Ma-sanga kalam cha. Uni-sanga kitab cha.)

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2. HAD (Past Possession)

English: I had a pen yesterday, but I lost it.

Nepali: मसँग हिजो कलम थियो, तर मैले हराएँ।
(Ma-sanga hijo kalam thiyo, tara maile haraye.)

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3. HAVE TO & HAS TO (Present Obligation)

English: You have to work hard. She has to wake up early.

Nepali: तिमीले कडा मेहनत गर्नुपर्छ। उनले चाँडै उठ्नुपर्छ।
(Timile kada mehanat garnuparchha. Unle chadai uthnuparchha.)

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4. HAD TO (Past Obligation)

English: I had to walk because the bus didn't come.

Nepali: बस नआएकाले म हिँड्नुपर्यो।
(Bas naaekale ma hidnuparyo.)

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5. HAVE/HAS + V3 (Present Perfect)

English: I have finished my homework. She has cooked dinner.

Nepali: मैले मेरो गृहकार्य सकिसकेको छु। उनले खाना पकाइसकेकी छिन्।
(Maile mero grihakarya sakisakeko chu. Unle khana pakaisakeki chhin.)

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6. HAD + V3 (Past Perfect)

English: I had eaten before he arrived.

Nepali: ऊ आउनुभन्दा अघि मैले खाइसकेको थियो।
(U aunubhanda aghi maile khaisakeko thiyo.)

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QUICK NEPALI GRAMMAR TIP

• छ (cha) = is / has (present)
• थियो (thiyo) = was / had (past)
• गर्नुपर्छ (garnuparchha) = have to / has to
• गर्नुपर्यो (garnuparyo) = had to
• गरिसकेको छ (garisakeko cha) = has done
• गरिसकेको थियो (garisakeko thiyo) = had done

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SUMMARY TABLE FOR QUICK REFERENCE

Word	English Use	Nepali Translation
Have	I/You/We/They possess	सँग छ (Sanga cha)
Has	He/She/It possesses	सँग छ (Sanga cha)
Had	All possessed (Past)	सँग थियो (Sanga thiyo)
Have to	I/You/We/They must do	गर्नुपर्छ (Garnuparchha)
Has to	He/She/It must do	गर्नुपर्छ (Garnuparchha)
Had to	All had to do (Past)	गर्नुपर्यो (Garnuparyo)

 

25 Practice Questions – Have, Has, Had, Have to, Has to, Had to (Fill in the Blanks)

Instructions: Choose the correct option from the brackets. (Answers are NOT provided.)

1.      She ___________ a beautiful garden behind her house. (have / has / had)

2.      We ___________ finish this project by tomorrow morning. (have to / has to / had to)

3.      He ___________ already left when I called him. (have / has / had)

4.      My mother ___________ wake up very early every day. (have to / has to / had to)

5.      They ___________ a lot of fun at the party last night. (have / has / had)

6.      I ___________ wear a uniform when I was in high school. (have to / has to / had to)

7.      The children ___________ eaten all the cookies before dinner. (have / has / had)

8.      You ___________ submit your application before the deadline. (have to / has to / had to)

9.      My brother ___________ a new smartphone. (have / has / had)

10. She ___________ wait for an hour because the bus was late. (have to / has to / had to)

11. We ___________ never visited that museum before. (have / has / had)

12. He ___________ take his medicine three times a day. (have to / has to / had to)

13. They ___________ an old car, but they sold it last year. (have / has / had)

14. I ___________ already finished my work when my boss arrived. (have / has / had)

15. The teacher ___________ check all the answer sheets tonight. (have to / has to / had to)

16. My parents ___________ lived in this city for twenty years. (have / has / had)

17. She ___________ complete the report before she left the office. (have to / has to / had to)

18. He ___________ a lot of homework to do every weekend. (have / has / had)

19. We ___________ walk home because there was no taxi. (have to / has to / had to)

20. The cat ___________ drunk all the milk already. (have / has / had)

21. Everyone ___________ wear a mask inside the hospital. (have to / has to / had to)

22. I ___________ a strange dream last night. (have / has / had)

23. She ___________ call her mother every Sunday. (have to / has to / had to)

24. They ___________ finished their project before the presentation started. (have / has / had)

25. You ___________ pay the bill before you leave the restaurant. (have to / has to / had to)

Answers with reasons

1.      has — Singular subject (She).

2.      have to — We + present obligation.

3.      had — Past perfect (had left).

4.      has to — Singular subject (My mother).

5.      had — Past possession/experience (last night).

6.      had to — Past obligation (was in high school).

7.      had — Past perfect (had eaten).

8.      have to — You + present obligation.

9.      has — Singular subject (My brother).

10. had to — Past obligation (bus was late).

11. have — Present perfect with We.

12. has to — Singular subject (He).

13. had — Past possession (sold it last year).

14. had — Past perfect (before my boss arrived).

15. has to — Singular subject (The teacher).

16. have — Present perfect with plural subject (My parents).

17. had to — Past obligation (before she left).

18. has — Singular subject (He).

19. had to — Past necessity (there was no taxi).

20. has — Present perfect with singular subject (The cat).

21. has to — Everyone is singular.

22. had — Past possession/experience (last night).

23. has to — Singular subject (She).

24. had — Past perfect (before the presentation started).

25. have to — You + present obligation.