Use of Have, Had, Has, Have to, Had to, Has to को प्रयोग

Use of Have, Had, Has, Have to, Had to, Has to को प्रयोग

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1. HAVE / HAS (Possession, Experience, Actions)

१. HAVE / HAS (स्वामित्व, अनुभव, कार्य)

A. Have/Has = Possession (स्वामित्व)

Structure: Subject + have/has + object

Person	Helping Verb	Example	Nepali Meaning
I, You, We, They	have	I have a car.	मसँग कार छ।
He, She, It, Ram	has	She has a car.	उसँग कार छ।

More Examples:

• I have two brothers. → मेरा दुई दाजुभाइ छन्।
• He has a beautiful house. → उसँग एउटा सुन्दर घर छ।
• They have a lot of money. → उनीहरूसँग धेरै पैसा छ।
• She has long hair. → उसका लामो कपाल छन्।

Negative:

• I don't have a car. → मसँग कार छैन।
• She doesn't have a car. → उसँग कार छैन।

Question:

• Do you have a pen? → तिमीसँग कलम छ?
• Does he have a pen? → उसँग कलम छ?

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B. Have/Has = Experience (अनुभव) — Present Perfect

Structure: Subject + have/has + past participle (V3)

Subject	Verb	Example	Nepali
I/You/We/They	have + V3	I have eaten.	मैले खाएको छु।
He/She/It	has + V3	She has eaten.	उसले खाएकी छ।

More Examples:

• I have visited Pokhara. → मैले पोखरा घुमेको छु।
• She has finished her homework. → उसले गृहकार्य सकाएकी छ।
• They have lived here for 5 years. → उनीहरू यहाँ ५ वर्षदेखि बसेका छन्।

Difference from Nepali: Nepali मा "एको छु/एकी छ/एका छन्" ले present perfect जनाउँछ।

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C. Have/Has = Action (कार्य) — Causative/Experience

• I have a bath every morning. → म हरेक बिहान नुहाउँछु।
• She has breakfast at 7. → उनी ७ बजे बिहानको खाना खान्छिन्।
• We have a meeting today. → आज हाम्रो बैठक छ।

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2. HAD (Past Possession, Past Perfect)

२. HAD (भूतकालको स्वामित्व, Past Perfect)

A. Had = Past Possession (भूतकालको स्वामित्व)

Structure: Subject + had + object (सबै persons को लागि)

• I had a car last year. → गत वर्ष मसँग कार थियो।
• She had long hair before. → पहिले उसका लामो कपाल थिए।
• They had a big house. → उनीहरूसँग ठूलो घर थियो।

Negative:

• I didn't have a car. → मसँग कार थिएन।
• She didn't have money. → उसँग पैसा थिएन।

Question:

• Did you have a bike? → तिमीसँग बाइक थियो?

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B. Had = Past Perfect (पूर्ण भूत)

Structure: Subject + had + V3

• I had eaten before he came. → ऊ आउनुअघि मैले खाइसकेको थिएँ।
• She had left when I called. → मैले फोन गर्दा उनी गइसकेकी थिइन्।
• They had finished the work. → उनीहरूले काम सकिसकेका थिए।

Nepali Difference: "इसकेको थिएँ/एकी थिइन्/एका थिए" ले past perfect जनाउँछ।

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C. Had = Past Action (भूतकालको कार्य)

• I had a bath yesterday. → हिजो मैले नुहाएँ।
• She had breakfast at 8. → उनले ८ बजे खाना खाइन्।

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3. HAVE TO / HAS TO (Obligation — Present)

३. HAVE TO / HAS TO (वर्तमानको बाध्यता)

Meaning: Compulsion, Necessity, Rule (बाध्यता, आवश्यकता, नियम)

Structure: Subject + have to/has to + V1

Subject	Form	Example	Nepali
I/You/We/They	have to	I have to go.	म जानुपर्छ।
He/She/It	has to	She has to go.	उनी जानुपर्छ।

More Examples:

• I have to study hard. → मैले कडा मेहनत गर्नुपर्छ।
• He has to wake up early. → उसले चाँडो उठ्नुपर्छ।
• We have to follow the rules. → हामीले नियम पालना गर्नुपर्छ।
• She has to take medicine. → उनले औषधि खानुपर्छ।

Negative (No obligation):

• I don't have to go. → म जानु पर्दैन।
• She doesn't have to go. → उनी जानु पर्दैन।

Question:

• Do I have to go? → म जानुपर्छ?
• Does she have to go? → उनी जानुपर्छ?

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Difference: MUST vs HAVE TO

Must	Have to
Personal obligation (व्यक्तिगत बाध्यता)	External obligation (बाह्य बाध्यता)
I must study. (मैले पढ्नैपर्छ — मेरो इच्छा)	I have to study. (मैले पढ्नुपर्छ — नियम/परिस्थिति)
Formal, strong	Everyday, common

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4. HAD TO (Obligation — Past)

४. HAD TO (भूतकालको बाध्यता)

Meaning: Past compulsion/necessity (भूतकालको बाध्यता)

Structure: Subject + had to + V1 (सबै persons को लागि)

• I had to go yesterday. → हिजो म जानुपर्थ्यो।
• She had to cook for everyone. → उनले सबैका लागि पकाउनुपर्थ्यो।
• They had to wait for hours. → उनीहरूले घण्टौं कुर्नुपर्थ्यो।

Negative:

• I didn't have to go. → म जानु पर्दैनथ्यो।
• She didn't have to pay. → उनले तिर्नु पर्दैनथ्यो।

Question:

• Did you have to work? → तिमीले काम गर्नुपर्थ्यो?

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5. SUMMARY TABLE / सारांश तालिका

Form	Use	Example	Nepali
Have	Possession (I/You/We/They)	I have a pen.	मसँग कलम छ।
Has	Possession (He/She/It)	She has a pen.	उसँग कलम छ।
Had	Past possession	I had a pen.	मसँग कलम थियो।
Have + V3	Present Perfect (I/You/We/They)	I have eaten.	मैले खाएको छु।
Has + V3	Present Perfect (He/She/It)	She has eaten.	उसले खाएकी छ।
Had + V3	Past Perfect	I had eaten.	मैले खाइसकेको थिएँ।
Have to	Present obligation (I/You/We/They)	I have to go.	म जानुपर्छ।
Has to	Present obligation (He/She/It)	She has to go.	उनी जानुपर्छ।
Had to	Past obligation	I had to go.	म जानुपर्थ्यो।

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6. KEY DIFFERENCES / मुख्य भिन्नताहरू

Have vs Have to

Have	Have to
Possession/Experience	Obligation/Compulsion
I have a car. (स्वामित्व)	I have to buy a car. (बाध्यता)
मसँग कार छ।	मैले कार किन्नुपर्छ।

Has vs Has to

Has	Has to
Possession	Obligation
She has a phone.	She has to call him.
उसँग फोन छ।	उनले उसलाई फोन गर्नुपर्छ।

Had vs Had to

Had	Had to
Past possession	Past obligation
I had a bike.	I had to walk.
मसँग बाइक थियो।	म हिँड्नुपर्थ्यो।

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7. COMMON MISTAKES / सामान्य गल्तीहरू

Wrong ❌	Correct ✅	Nepali
He have a car.	He has a car.	उसँग कार छ।
She have to go.	She has to go.	उनी जानुपर्छ।
I has a pen.	I have a pen.	मसँग कलम छ।
They has to work.	They have to work.	उनीहरूले काम गर्नुपर्छ।
He had to went.	He had to go.	उसले जानुपर्थ्यो।
I don't have to went.	I didn't have to go.	म जानु पर्दैनथ्यो।

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8. PRACTICE SENTENCES / अभ्यास वाक्यहरू

English	Nepali
I have a dream.	मसँग एउटा सपना छ।
She has two children.	उसका दुई बच्चा छन्।
We had a great time.	हामीसँग राम्रो समय थियो।
I have to submit it today.	मैले आज बुझाउनुपर्छ।
He has to pay the fine.	उसले जरिवाना तिर्नुपर्छ।
They had to cancel the trip.	उनीहरूले यात्रा रद्द गर्नुपर्थ्यो।
I have finished my work.	मैले मेरो काम सकाएको छु।
She had left before I arrived.	म आउनुअघि उनी गइसकेकी थिइन्।
Do you have to leave now?	तिमीले अहिले जानुपर्छ?
Did she have to cook?	उनले पकाउनुपर्थ्यो?

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9. QUICK TIPS / छिटो सुझावहरू

1.      I/You/We/They → have, have to

2.      He/She/It → has, has to

3.      Past (all persons) → had, had to

4.      Possession → have/has/had + noun

5.      Obligation → have to/has to/had to + V1

6.      Perfect tense → have/has/had + V3

7.      Negative obligation → don't/doesn't/didn't have to

8.      Never say "has to went" — always "has to go"

 

60 Examples: Have, Has, Had, Have to, Has to, Had to

A. HAVE (Possession — I/You/We/They)

A. HAVE (स्वामित्व — I/You/We/They)

	English	Nepali
1	I have a new bicycle.	मसँग नयाँ साइकल छ।
2	You have a beautiful smile.	तिम्रो सुन्दर मुस्कान छ।
3	We have a big garden.	हामीसँग ठूलो बगैंचा छ।
4	They have three dogs.	उनीहरूसँग तीनवटा कुकुर छन्।
5	I have a lot of homework today.	आज मसँग धेरै गृहकार्य छ।
6	We have enough time.	हामीसँग पर्याप्त समय छ।
7	You have a good idea.	तिमीसँग राम्रो विचार छ।
8	They have a small shop.	उनीहरूसँग सानो पसल छ।

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B. HAS (Possession — He/She/It)

B. HAS (स्वामित्व — He/She/It)

#	English	Nepali
9	He has a red car.	उसँग रातो कार छ।
10	She has two brothers.	उसका दुई दाजुभाइ छन्।
11	Ram has a new phone.	रामसँग नयाँ फोन छ।
12	Sita has long black hair.	सीताका लामो कालो कपाल छन्।
13	The house has four rooms.	घरमा चारवटा कोठा छन्।
14	He has a lot of money.	उसँग धेरै पैसा छ।
15	She has a kind heart.	उसको दयालु हृदय छ।
16	The cat has green eyes.	बिरालोका हरिया आँखा छन्।

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C. HAD (Past Possession)

C. HAD (भूतकालको स्वामित्व)

	English	Nepali
17	I had a motorcycle last year.	गत वर्ष मसँग मोटरसाइकल थियो।
18	She had a fever yesterday.	हिजो उनलाई ज्वरो थियो।
19	We had a wonderful vacation.	हामीसँग राम्रो बिदा थियो।
20	He had a lot of problems before.	पहिले उसँग धेरै समस्या थिए।
21	They had a big farm in the village.	गाउँमा उनीहरूसँग ठूलो खेत थियो।
22	My grandfather had a beautiful house.	मेरो हजुरबुबासँग सुन्दर घर थियो।
23	You had a chance to win.	तिमीसँग जित्ने मौका थियो।
24	The school had many students.	विद्यालयमा धेरै विद्यार्थी थिए।

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D. HAVE + V3 (Present Perfect — I/You/We/They)

D. HAVE + V3 (Present Perfect — I/You/We/They)

	English	Nepali
25	I have finished my homework.	मैले मेरो गृहकार्य सकाएको छु।
26	We have visited Pokhara twice.	हामीले पोखरा दुई पटक घुमेका छौं।
27	They have lived here for ten years.	उनीहरू यहाँ दस वर्षदेखि बसेका छन्।
28	You have grown taller.	तिमी अग्लो भएको छौ।
29	I have never seen the ocean.	मैले कहिल्यै समुद्र देखेको छैन।
30	We have already eaten lunch.	हामीले पहिले नै खाजा खाएका छौं।
31	They have bought a new house.	उनीहरूले नयाँ घर किनेका छन्।
32	I have known him since childhood.	मैले उसलाई बाल्यकालदेखि चिनेको छु।

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E. HAS + V3 (Present Perfect — He/She/It)

E. HAS + V3 (Present Perfect — He/She/It)

	English	Nepali
33	She has completed her degree.	उसले आफ्नो डिग्री पूरा गरेकी छ।
34	He has gone to Kathmandu.	उनी काठमाडौं गएको छ।
35	Sita has cooked delicious food.	सीताले मिठो खाना पकाएकी छ।
36	Ram has broken the window.	रामले झ्याल भाँचेको छ।
37	The train has just arrived.	रेल भर्खरै आएको छ।
38	She has never been to Japan.	उनी कहिल्यै जापान गएकी छैन।
39	He has worked here for five years.	उनी यहाँ पाँच वर्षदेखि काम गरेको छ।
40	The baby has fallen asleep.	बच्चा सुतेको छ।

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F. HAD + V3 (Past Perfect)

F. HAD + V3 (Past Perfect)

	English	Nepali
41	I had eaten before he came.	ऊ आउनुअघि मैले खाइसकेको थिएँ।
42	She had left when I called.	मैले फोन गर्दा उनी गइसकेकी थिइन्।
43	They had finished the work before sunset.	सूर्य अस्ताउनुअघि उनीहरूले काम सकिसकेका थिए।
44	He had already seen that movie.	उसले त्यो चलचित्र पहिले नै देखिसकेको थियो।
45	We had met before the party.	पार्टीअघि हामी भेटिसकेका थियौं।
46	The bus had left before we arrived.	हामी पुग्नुअघि बस गइसकेको थियो।
47	She had never traveled by plane.	उनले कहिल्यै हवाईजहाजमा यात्रा गरेकी थिइनन्।
48	I had forgotten his name.	मैले उसको नाम बिर्सिसकेको थिएँ।

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G. HAVE TO (Present Obligation — I/You/We/They)

G. HAVE TO (वर्तमानको बाध्यता — I/You/We/They)

	English	Nepali
49	I have to wake up early tomorrow.	भोलि मैले चाँडो उठ्नुपर्छ।
50	We have to follow the traffic rules.	हामीले ट्राफिक नियम पालना गर्नुपर्छ।
51	You have to submit the form today.	आज तिमीले फारम बुझाउनुपर्छ।
52	They have to pay the rent monthly.	उनीहरूले महिनावारी भाडा तिर्नुपर्छ।

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H. HAS TO (Present Obligation — He/She/It)

H. HAS TO (वर्तमानको बाध्यता — He/She/It)

	English	Nepali
53	She has to take medicine daily.	उनले दैनिक औषधि खानुपर्छ।
54	He has to finish the report by Friday.	उसले शुक्रबारसम्म प्रतिवेदन सकाउनुपर्छ।
55	Ram has to look after his parents.	रामले आफ्ना आमाबुबाको हेरचाह गर्नुपर्छ।
56	The doctor has to attend the meeting.	डाक्टरले बैठकमा उपस्थित हुनुपर्छ।

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I. HAD TO (Past Obligation)

I. HAD TO (भूतकालको बाध्यता)

	English	Nepali
57	I had to walk home yesterday.	हिजो म हिँडेर घर जानुपर्थ्यो।
58	She had to cook for ten guests.	उनले दस जना पाहुनाका लागि पकाउनुपर्थ्यो।
59	They had to cancel the picnic due to rain.	वर्षाका कारण उनीहरूले पिकनिक रद्द गर्नुपर्थ्यो।
60	He had to work overtime last week.	गत हप्ता उसले ओभरटाइम काम गर्नुपर्थ्यो।