Study With BR Sir

Preposition

A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence. It often indicates direction, place, time, manner, cause, or possession.

Examples of Prepositions:

Direction: She is going to the market.
Place: The book is on the table.
Time: We will meet at 5 PM.
Manner: She solved the problem with ease.
Cause/Reason: He was absent because of illness.

Detailed Rules for Using ‘IN’ with Examples

The preposition ‘in’ is used in various contexts, primarily to indicate place, time, manner, and condition. Below are the detailed rules along with examples:

1. ‘IN’ for Place (Location or Position)

Used when something is inside a confined space (enclosed areas, large regions, or 3D spaces).

Rule 1: ‘In’ is used for enclosed spaces

She is in the room. (Inside a room)
The keys are in the drawer. (Inside a closed space)

Rule 2: ‘In’ is used for geographical areas (cities, countries, continents, etc.)

I live in Nepal.
He was born in Asia.
She works in London.

Rule 3: ‘In’ is used for bodies of water

Many fish live in the ocean.
We swam in the river.

Rule 4: ‘In’ is used for printed materials and digital platforms

I read the news in the newspaper.
There is an interesting article in the magazine.
I saw the post in a Facebook group.

Rule 5: ‘In’ is used for transportation when referring to small vehicles (car, taxi, etc.)

He is in the car.
They are in a taxi.

Detailed Rules for Using ‘ON’ with Examples

The preposition ‘on’ is used in different contexts, primarily to indicate position (place), time, direction, manner, and condition. Below are the detailed rules along with examples.

1. ‘ON’ for Place (Position or Location)

Used when something is touching or attached to a surface.

🔹 Rule 1: ‘On’ is used for surfaces

The book is on the table. (Resting on a surface)
There is a painting on the wall.
She sat on the bench.

🔹 Rule 2: ‘On’ is used for streets, roads, and avenues

My house is on Main Street.
The shop is on New Road.

🔹 Rule 3: ‘On’ is used for devices (TV, phone, radio, etc.)

She is on the phone.
There’s a good movie on TV tonight.

🔹 Rule 4: ‘On’ is used for transportation (large vehicles like buses, trains, planes, and ships)

He is on the bus.
They traveled on a train.
She was on a plane to London.

🔹 Rule 5: ‘On’ is used for body parts

She has a ring on her finger.
He kissed her on the cheek.

🔹 Rule 6: ‘On’ is used for pages and documents

The answer is on page 5.
I read it on a website.

2. ‘ON’ for Time

Used for specific days and dates.

🔹 Rule 7: ‘On’ is used for specific days

I was born on Monday.
We have a meeting on Friday.

🔹 Rule 8: ‘On’ is used for specific dates

They got married on March 5th.
The event is on December 25th.

🔹 Rule 9: ‘On’ is used for holidays with ‘day’

We celebrate on Christmas Day.
The parade is on Independence Day.

🔹 Rule 10: ‘On’ is used for weekends (in American English)

(American English) We will go out on the weekend.
(British English uses ‘at’ instead: "We will go out at the weekend.")

3. ‘ON’ for Direction and Movement

Indicates attachment or movement towards a surface.

🔹 Rule 11: ‘On’ is used to show attachment or dependence

The clock is hanging on the wall.
The painting is on the ceiling.

🔹 Rule 12: ‘On’ is used for movement towards a surface

She jumped on the bed.
He threw his bag on the floor.

4. ‘ON’ for Manner, Condition, and Influence

Used to describe ways something is done.

🔹 Rule 13: ‘On’ is used for media and broadcasting

I heard the news on the radio.
They watched the match on TV.

🔹 Rule 14: ‘On’ is used for financial dependence

He lives on his parents' money.
Many students survive on a small budget.

🔹 Rule 15: ‘On’ is used for conditions and effects

She is on a diet.
The medicine had a bad effect on him.

🔹 Rule 16: ‘On’ is used for decisions and focus

We agreed on a solution.
She is focused on her studies.

5. ‘ON’ in Common Expressions

Some fixed expressions always use ‘on’ regardless of general rules.

✅ Fixed phrases with ‘on’

On time (He arrived on time for the meeting.)
On fire (The house is on fire!)
On purpose (He did it on purpose.)
On duty (The police officer is on duty now.)
On holiday (They are on holiday in Spain.)
On the way (I am on the way home.)
On foot (I go to school on foot.)

Summary of ‘ON’ Usage

Usage	Example
Surfaces (table, wall, floor, ceiling)	The book is on the table.
Streets and roads	I live on Main Street.
Devices (phone, TV, radio, computer)	She is on the phone.
Large transportation (bus, train, plane, ship)	He is on the bus.
Body parts	She has a tattoo on her arm.
Pages and documents	The answer is on page 10.
Specific days and dates	My birthday is on Monday.
Holidays with ‘day’	We celebrate on New Year’s Day.
Media and broadcasting	I saw it on TV.
Financial dependence	He lives on a student loan.
Conditions (diets, medicines, etc.)	She is on antibiotics.
Decisions and focus	He is focused on his career.
Movement towards a surface	She threw her jacket on the chair.
Fixed expressions	On time, on fire, on duty, on the way

Detailed Rules for Using ‘AT’ with Examples

The preposition ‘at’ is used in different contexts, mainly to indicate place, time, direction, manner, condition, and state. Below are the detailed rules along with examples.

1. ‘AT’ for Place (Location or Position)

Used to refer to a specific point or exact location.

🔹 Rule 1: ‘At’ is used for specific points or locations

We met at the bus stop. (Exact location)
She is at the door. (Specific position)
He is waiting at the traffic light.

🔹 Rule 2: ‘At’ is used for addresses when no house number is given

They live at Oxford Street.
She works at City Mall.
(If a house number is mentioned, we use ‘in’: "They live in 25 Oxford Street.")

🔹 Rule 3: ‘At’ is used for public places and events

I saw him at the airport.
She is at a concert.
We had lunch at a restaurant.

🔹 Rule 4: ‘At’ is used for specific buildings or institutions when referring to activities inside them

She is at school now. (Means she is attending school, not just inside the building)
He is at the hospital. (As a patient or visitor, not just inside the building)

🔹 Rule 5: ‘At’ is used for workplaces and businesses

He works at a bank.
I have a meeting at the office.

🔹 Rule 6: ‘At’ is used for specific locations in a house

She is at the door.
He is at the window.

🔹 Rule 7: ‘At’ is used for tables and similar flat surfaces

We sat at the table.
He is at his desk, working.

2. ‘AT’ for Time

Used for exact times and specific points in time.

🔹 Rule 8: ‘At’ is used for specific clock times

The train arrives at 10:30 AM.
We will meet at 6 PM.

🔹 Rule 9: ‘At’ is used for points of time in the day

She always drinks coffee at sunrise.
The stars are visible at night. (Exception: "in the morning/afternoon/evening")

🔹 Rule 10: ‘At’ is used for holidays and festivals without ‘day’

We have a family gathering at Christmas.
She got a gift at New Year. (But: "on Christmas Day")

🔹 Rule 11: ‘At’ is used for meal times

We had a discussion at breakfast.
She left at lunchtime.

🔹 Rule 12: ‘At’ is used for ages

She got her first job at 18.
He retired at 60.

3. ‘AT’ for Direction and Movement

Indicates a specific point where an action happens.

🔹 Rule 13: ‘At’ is used to indicate an exact point where something happens

He threw the ball at me.
She smiled at him.

🔹 Rule 14: ‘At’ is used to show a target or focus

She shouted at her brother.
He looked at the painting for hours.

🔹 Rule 15: ‘At’ is used for direction (arriving at a place)

We arrived at the hotel late at night.
She stopped at the traffic light.

4. ‘AT’ for Manner, Condition, and State

Indicates how something is done or the state of something.

🔹 Rule 16: ‘At’ is used for speed, temperature, and prices

The car was moving at 100 km/h.
Water boils at 100°C.
The product is sold at a high price.

🔹 Rule 17: ‘At’ is used for states and conditions

She is at peace now.
The country is at war.
He is at risk of losing his job.

🔹 Rule 18: ‘At’ is used for abilities or skills

He is good at singing.
She is bad at math.

5. ‘AT’ in Common Expressions

Some fixed expressions always use ‘at’ regardless of general rules.

✅ Fixed phrases with ‘at’

At work (She is at work now.)
At home (He is at home today.)
At school (The kids are at school.)
At the moment (I am busy at the moment.)
At first (I didn’t like the movie at first.)
At last (We arrived at last after a long journey.)
At random (The winner was chosen at random.)
At the end (We will discuss it at the end of the meeting.)

Summary of ‘AT’ Usage

Usage	Example
Specific points or locations	She is at the bus stop.
Addresses (without house number)	They live at Oxford Street.
Public places/events	We met at the concert.
Buildings (focus on activity inside)	She is at school.
Workplaces/businesses	He works at a bank.
Specific locations in a house	He is at the door.
Tables and flat surfaces	She is sitting at the table.
Specific times (clock time, meal times, festivals, etc.)	We met at 6 PM.
Ages	He retired at 60.
Points in the day (except morning, afternoon, evening)	She sleeps at night.
Speed, temperature, price	Water freezes at 0°C.
Conditions (peace, war, risk, etc.)	The country is at war.
Abilities/skills	She is good at playing chess.
Fixed expressions	At home, at work, at school, at the moment

25 fill-in-the-blank exercises using in, on, at.

Fill in the blanks with ‘in,’ ‘on,’ or ‘at’

1.      She was born _ 1998. (in/on/at)

2.      We will meet _ Monday. (in/on/at)

3.      The meeting is _ 5 PM. (in/on/at)

4.      I live _ Kathmandu. (in/on/at)

5.      The book is _ the table. (in/on/at)

6.      He is waiting _ the bus stop. (in/on/at)

7.      My birthday is _ March 10. (in/on/at)

8.      The kids are playing _ the park. (in/on/at)

9.      She is _ the phone right now. (in/on/at)

10. There is a painting _ the wall. (in/on/at)

11. We are going to visit them _ the evening. (in/on/at)

12. He sat _ the chair. (in/on/at)

13. I will see you _ the airport. (in/on/at)

14. The store opens _ 8 AM. (in/on/at)

15. They are _ the bus. (in/on/at)

16. He has a meeting _ Friday morning. (in/on/at)

17. She was standing _ the door. (in/on/at)

18. We stayed _ a hotel last night. (in/on/at)

19. There was a red mark _ the paper. (in/on/at)

20. The keys are _ my pocket. (in/on/at)

21. They arrived _ time for the concert. (in/on/at)

22. He lives _ the third floor. (in/on/at)

23. The stars are visible _ the sky tonight. (in/on/at)

24. I will meet you _ noon. (in/on/at)

25. She placed the book ___ the shelf. (in/on/at)

Answer Key:

1.      in 1998

2.      on Monday

3.      at 5 PM

4.      in Kathmandu

5.      on the table

6.      at the bus stop

7.      on March 10

8.      in the park

9.      on the phone

10. on the wall

11. in the evening

12. on the chair

13. at the airport

14. at 8 AM

15. on the bus

16. on Friday morning

17. at the door

18. in a hotel

19. on the paper

20. in my pocket

21. on time for the concert

22. on the third floor

23. in the sky tonight

24. at noon

25. on the shelf

Practice 2
50 fill-in-the-blank exercises using in, on, at.

Fill in the blanks with ‘in,’ ‘on,’ or ‘at’

1.      She was born _ 2001. (in/on/at)
2.      We will meet _ Sunday. (in/on/at)
3.      The meeting is scheduled _ 3 PM. (in/on/at)
4.      I live _ Pokhara. (in/on/at)
5.      The book is lying _ the table. (in/on/at)
6.      He is waiting _ the bus stop. (in/on/at)
7.      My birthday is _ July 15. (in/on/at)
8.      The kids are playing _ the garden. (in/on/at)
9.      She is speaking _ the phone right now. (in/on/at)
10. There is a clock hanging _ the wall. (in/on/at)
11. We are going to visit them _ the morning. (in/on/at)
12. He sat _ the chair. (in/on/at)
13. I will see you _ the airport. (in/on/at)
14. The store opens _ 10 AM. (in/on/at)
15. They are traveling _ a bus. (in/on/at)
16. He has a meeting _ Thursday afternoon. (in/on/at)
17. She was standing _ the door. (in/on/at)
18. We stayed _ a resort last night. (in/on/at)
19. There was a stain _ the paper. (in/on/at)
20. The keys are _ my bag. (in/on/at)
21. They arrived _ time for the event. (in/on/at)
22. He lives _ the fourth floor. (in/on/at)
23. The moon is visible _ the sky tonight. (in/on/at)
24. I will meet you _ noon. (in/on/at)
25. She placed the book _ the bookshelf. (in/on/at)
26. I usually study _ the evening. (in/on/at)
27. We went to a picnic _ Saturday. (in/on/at)
28. They will arrive _ 6:30 PM. (in/on/at)
29. The meeting is _ December 5. (in/on/at)
30. He stayed _ home all day. (in/on/at)
31. The party is _ my friend’s house. (in/on/at)
32. I was born _ Nepal. (in/on/at)
33. There was an interesting article _ the newspaper. (in/on/at)
34. My office is located _ the city center. (in/on/at)
35. The bus arrives _ the station soon. (in/on/at)
36. I usually go to bed _ night. (in/on/at)
37. We met _ the mall. (in/on/at)
38. There is a new shop _ Main Street. (in/on/at)
39. I love swimming _ the summer. (in/on/at)
40. She sat _ the bench and read a book. (in/on/at)
41. There is a fly _ the ceiling. (in/on/at)
42. He was sitting _ the front row. (in/on/at)
43. I usually wake up early _ the morning. (in/on/at)
44. I left my wallet _ the car. (in/on/at)
45. They are arriving _ the train station soon. (in/on/at)
46. The painting is hanging _ the wall. (in/on/at)
47. There were a lot of fish _ the river. (in/on/at)
48. They sat _ the grass and had lunch. (in/on/at)
49. I love going for walks _ the evening. (in/on/at)
50. I was standing _ the corner of the street. (in/on/at)

Answer Key:

1.      in 2001
2.      on Sunday
3.      at 3 PM
4.      in Pokhara
5.      on the table
6.      at the bus stop
7.      on July 15
8.      in the garden
9.      on the phone
10. on the wall
11. in the morning
12. on the chair
13. at the airport
14. at 10 AM
15. on a bus
16. on Thursday afternoon
17. at the door
18. in a resort
19. on the paper
20. in my bag
21. on time for the event
22. on the fourth floor
23. in the sky tonight
24. at noon
25. on the bookshelf
26. in the evening
27. on Saturday
28. at 6:30 PM
29. on December 5
30. at home
31. at my friend’s house
32. in Nepal
33. in the newspaper
34. in the city center
35. at the station
36. at night
37. at the mall
38. on Main Street
39. in the summer
40. on the bench
41. on the ceiling
42. in the front row
43. in the morning
44. in the car
45. at the train station
46. on the wall
47. in the river
48. on the grass
49. in the evening
50. at the corner of the street

Detailed Rules for Using ‘BY’ with Examples

The preposition ‘by’ is commonly used in English to indicate proximity, means, method, agent, measurement, and time. Below are the detailed rules with examples.

1. ‘BY’ for Place (Proximity or Location)

Used to show closeness or nearness to something.

🔹 Rule 1: ‘By’ is used to indicate something next to or near a place

He lives by the river. (Near the river)
The school is by the park. (Close to the park)
She sat by the window. (Near the window)

🔹 Rule 2: ‘By’ is used for routes and directions

We traveled by the coast.
I walked by your house yesterday.

2. ‘BY’ for Time (Deadline or Before a Certain Time)

Indicates that something happens before or at a specific time.

🔹 Rule 3: ‘By’ is used for deadlines

Submit the assignment by Friday. (On or before Friday)
I will be home by 8 PM.

🔹 Rule 4: ‘By’ is used to indicate gradual change over time

By the end of the year, she will have learned French.
By 2050, technology will have advanced even more.

3. ‘BY’ for Means and Methods

Used to describe how something is done.

🔹 Rule 5: ‘By’ is used for modes of transportation

She traveled by car.
They went by train.
We will go by plane.

🔹 Rule 6: ‘By’ is used for means of communication

He sent the message by email.
I contacted him by phone.

🔹 Rule 7: ‘By’ is used for methods of payment

She paid by credit card.
You can buy the tickets by cash or card.

🔹 *Rule 8: ‘By’ is used to indicate how something is done

He entered by breaking the window.
She succeeded by working hard.

4. ‘BY’ for Agent (Passive Voice)

Used to indicate who or what performed an action in passive voice sentences.

🔹 Rule 9: ‘By’ is used to show the doer of the action in passive voice

The book was written by J.K. Rowling.
The painting was made by an artist.
A new policy was introduced by the government.

🔹 Rule 10: ‘By’ is used for authors, inventors, or creators

This song is by The Beatles.
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

5. ‘BY’ for Measurement (Quantity, Size, Amount, Difference, and Rate)

🔹 Rule 11: ‘By’ is used for measurements and dimensions

The room is 5 meters by 4 meters. (5m × 4m)
The table is 3 feet by 2 feet.

🔹 Rule 12: ‘By’ is used for multiplication and increase/decrease

Prices have increased by 10%.
The population grew by 2 million people.
He missed the train by five minutes.

🔹 Rule 13: ‘By’ is used for units of measurement

He is paid by the hour.
We sell apples by the kilogram.

6. ‘BY’ for Position or Action

🔹 Rule 14: ‘By’ is used to indicate a position or action happening beside something

She stood by the door.
There is a café by the beach.

🔹 Rule 15: ‘By’ is used to show manner or behavior

She learned it by heart. (Memorized it)
He grabbed her by the hand.

7. ‘BY’ in Common Expressions

Some fixed expressions always use ‘by’ regardless of general rules.

✅ Fixed phrases with ‘by’

By accident (I broke the glass by accident.)
By chance (We met by chance in the market.)
By mistake (She sent the email to the wrong person by mistake.)
By name (She knows him by name, but not personally.)
By law (You must wear a helmet by law.)
By force (The soldiers entered by force.)
By the way (By the way, have you seen my keys?)
By far (He is by far the best player on the team.)

Summary of ‘BY’ Usage

Usage	Example
Nearness or proximity	She sat by the window.
Routes and directions	We walked by the river.
Deadline (before or at a specific time)	Finish your work by Monday.
Gradual change over time	By next year, I will be fluent in French.
Modes of transport	He traveled by bus.
Communication methods	She sent a message by email.
Payment methods	He paid by credit card.
Passive voice (agent)	The book was written by J.K. Rowling.
Authors/Creators	A novel by Jane Austen.
Measurements (size, quantity, dimensions, price, etc.)	The room is 5 meters by 4 meters.
Increase or decrease	Prices rose by 10%.
Position beside something	There is a house by the lake.
Expressions (fixed phrases)	By accident, by chance, by mistake, by law, by the way

Detailed Rules for Using ‘TO’ with Examples

The preposition ‘to’ is widely used in English to indicate direction, movement, destination, relationships, comparison, purpose, time, and limits. Below are the detailed rules with examples.

1. ‘TO’ for Direction, Movement, and Destination

‘To’ is often used when something moves from one place to another.

🔹 Rule 1: ‘To’ is used to indicate movement toward a specific place

He is going to school.
She walked to the park.
They moved to a new city.

🔹 Rule 2: ‘To’ is used for travel or transport destinations

We are flying to London tomorrow.
He took a bus to the airport.

🔹 Rule 3: ‘To’ is used for giving and transferring objects

I gave the book to my friend.
She sent an email to the manager.

🔹 Rule 4: ‘To’ is used for a point of arrival or end destination

The road leads to the village.
The key to the door is missing.

2. ‘TO’ for Time (Starting and Ending Points, Deadlines)

Indicates a limit in time.

🔹 Rule 5: ‘To’ is used to indicate a range of time

The meeting is from 10 AM to 12 PM.
I work Monday to Friday.

🔹 Rule 6: ‘To’ is used for telling time

It’s five minutes to ten. (9:55 AM)
We have ten days to the festival.

🔹 Rule 7: ‘To’ is used for deadlines

I need to submit this project to the manager by Friday.
She has only two days to complete her work.

3. ‘TO’ for Purpose and Reason

Indicates an aim, goal, or purpose.

🔹 Rule 8: ‘To’ is used to indicate purpose (with verbs in infinitive form)

She went to the gym to exercise.
I study hard to pass the exam.

🔹 Rule 9: ‘To’ is used with certain verbs to show purpose

He spoke to explain the situation.
She smiled to show her happiness.

4. ‘TO’ for Comparisons and Relations

Shows comparison or relation between two things.

🔹 Rule 10: ‘To’ is used in comparisons

I prefer coffee to tea.
Your house is similar to mine.

🔹 Rule 11: ‘To’ is used to show relationships and connections

She is married to John.
He is loyal to his company.
This is the solution to the problem.

🔹 Rule 12: ‘To’ is used for showing reactions or responses

She was kind to the stranger.
His actions were shocking to everyone.

5. ‘TO’ for Limits and Extent

Used to indicate a limit or boundary.

🔹 Rule 13: ‘To’ is used to show a limit or extent

The temperature dropped to zero degrees.
He worked to the point of exhaustion.

🔹 Rule 14: ‘To’ is used for prices and measurements

The price increased to $100.
The distance from here to the city is 10 km.

6. ‘TO’ in Fixed Expressions

Certain expressions always use ‘to.’

✅ Fixed Phrases with ‘To’

To be honest (To be honest, I don’t like this idea.)
To my surprise (To my surprise, she arrived early.)
To this day (He remains a mystery to this day.)
To some extent (I agree with you to some extent.)
To and fro (The ship moved to and fro in the storm.)

Summary of ‘TO’ Usage

Usage	Example
Movement toward a place	He went to the store.
Travel destinations	They flew to Paris.
Giving/transferring something	I gave a gift to my friend.
Arrival or endpoint	The road leads to the beach.
Time range	We work from 9 AM to 5 PM.
Telling time	It’s 10 minutes to 8.
Deadlines	You have one week to submit your project.
Purpose (infinitive form)	She studies hard to pass the exam.
Comparison	I prefer tea to coffee.
Relationships	She is married to John.
Limits/extent	The price increased to $200.
Reactions and responses	She was kind to him.
Fixed expressions	To be honest, to some extent, to this day

Detailed Rules for Using ‘From,’ ‘With,’ and ‘Since’ with Examples

Each of these prepositions has distinct uses in English. Below are their detailed rules along with examples.

1. ‘FROM’ – Indicating Origin, Source, Time, Cause, and Difference

(A) ‘FROM’ for Origin and Source

🔹 Rule 1: ‘From’ is used to show the origin of a person, thing, or place

She is from Nepal.
The letter came from my friend in the USA.
He graduated from Harvard University.

🔹 Rule 2: ‘From’ is used to indicate the source of information, material, or production

This sweater is made from wool.
I learned it from my teacher.
I borrowed a book from the library.

(B) ‘FROM’ for Time (Starting Point of an Action)

🔹 Rule 3: ‘From’ is used to indicate the beginning of a time period

I will be on leave from Monday.
He has lived here from 2015.
She worked from morning to night.

🔹 Rule 4: ‘From’ is used with ‘to’ or ‘until’ to show a time range

We work from 9 AM to 5 PM.
The shop is open from Monday to Saturday.

(C) ‘FROM’ for Cause and Reason

🔹 Rule 5: ‘From’ is used to indicate the cause of an action or reaction

He is suffering from fever.
She fainted from exhaustion.
The child was crying from hunger.

(D) ‘FROM’ for Difference and Separation

🔹 Rule 6: ‘From’ is used to indicate separation or distinction between things

He is different from his brother.
The new system is an improvement from the old one.
Keep the chemicals from children.

🔹 Rule 7: ‘From’ is used to describe distance or measurement

My house is 2 km from the school.
We are far from the city center.

✅ Fixed Phrases with ‘From’

Apart from (Apart from English, he also speaks French.)
Different from (This version is different from the old one.)
Prevent from (They prevented him from leaving.)
Recover from (She recovered from the flu.)

2. ‘WITH’ – Indicating Accompaniment, Instrument, Manner, and Cause

(A) ‘WITH’ for Accompaniment (Together with Someone or Something)

🔹 Rule 1: ‘With’ is used to indicate being together or in the company of someone/something

I went to the movie with my friends.
She lives with her parents.
He was talking with his boss.

🔹 Rule 2: ‘With’ is used for relationships and connections

She is in love with him.
He is still angry with me.

(B) ‘WITH’ for Instruments and Tools

🔹 Rule 3: ‘With’ is used to indicate the tool or instrument used to perform an action

He wrote with a pen.
She cut the paper with scissors.
I opened the door with a key.

🔹 Rule 4: ‘With’ is used for ingredients and components

She made tea with milk and sugar.
The pizza is topped with cheese and olives.

(C) ‘WITH’ for Manner and Emotion

🔹 Rule 5: ‘With’ is used to indicate how an action is performed

She looked at me with a smile.
He listened with interest.

🔹 Rule 6: ‘With’ is used to describe emotion or state

I am pleased with your progress.
She was trembling with fear.

✅ Fixed Phrases with ‘With’

Agree with (I agree with your opinion.)
Satisfied with (She is satisfied with her job.)
Covered with (The ground was covered with snow.)
Angry with (He was angry with his brother.)

3. ‘SINCE’ – Indicating Time and Reason

(A) ‘SINCE’ for a Specific Time (Starting Point Until Now)

🔹 Rule 1: ‘Since’ is used to show the starting point of an action that continues in the present

I have lived here since 2010.
She has been studying since morning.
They have been married since last year.

🔹 Rule 2: ‘Since’ is always used with the present perfect or present perfect continuous tense

I have known her since childhood.
He has been working here since January.

🔹 Rule 3: ‘Since’ is used in time expressions like ‘ever since’

I met him in 2015, and we’ve been friends ever since.
She left home a year ago and hasn’t returned since.

(B) ‘SINCE’ for Cause and Reason

🔹 Rule 4: ‘Since’ is used to indicate a reason (similar to ‘because’)

Since it was raining, we stayed home.
She didn’t go out since she was sick.

✅ Fixed Phrases with ‘Since’

Ever since (I have been a fan ever since I heard their first song.)
Since then (I met him last year, and since then, we have been good friends.)
Since when (Since when do you like jazz music?)

Summary of ‘FROM,’ ‘WITH,’ and ‘SINCE’ Usage

Preposition	Usage	Example
FROM	Origin or source	He is from Nepal.
	Starting point in time	She worked from 2015 to 2020.
	Cause	He is suffering from a cold.
	Difference	This design is different from that one.
	Separation	Keep dangerous items from children.
WITH	Accompaniment (together with someone)	She went to the party with her brother.
	Instrument or tool	He wrote with a pencil.
	Manner or emotion	She looked at him with anger.
	Relationship or connection	She is angry with him.
SINCE	Starting point in time (continuing action)	I have been living here since 2010.
	Cause or reason	Since it was raining, we stayed home.

Final Thoughts

Each preposition has specific and fixed uses.

‘From’ → Used for origin, source, starting points, cause, and separation.
‘With’ → Used for company, instruments, manner, relationships, and emotions.
‘Since’ → Used for a time reference (continuing action) or reason.

These common prepositions along with examples:

1. Prepositions of Place

in → Inside an enclosed space

She is in the room.

on → Resting on a surface

The book is on the table.

at → A specific point or location

She is at the door.

behind → At the back of something

The cat is behind the sofa.

in front of → Ahead of something

The car is in front of the house.

under → Directly beneath something

The shoes are under the bed.

below → At a lower level (not directly under)

The temperature is below freezing.

over → Above with possible contact or covering

The plane is flying over the city.

above → Higher than something without contact

The clock is above the door.

2. Prepositions of Time

since → From a specific point in the past until now

She has lived here since 2010.

for → Duration of time

He stayed there for five years.

from → Starting point of time

The store is open from 9 AM to 5 PM.

3. Prepositions of Direction/Movement

to → Destination or direction

I am going to the market.

through → Movement within something (with an exit)

He walked through the tunnel.

via → By way of a place or method

We traveled to India via Kathmandu.

4. Prepositions of Manner/Means

by → Method or agent

She traveled by car.

5. Prepositions of Relation

between → In the middle of two things

The school is between the park and the hospital.

among → In the middle of more than two things

She was sitting among her friends.

B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.

a. I was accompanied to the hospital by my friend.
b. I have great respect for my teachers.
c. The culprit was sentenced to death.
d. His arguments are not based on truth.
e. He has not contributed to the development of our nation.
f. He died because of Corona at the age of thirty-five.
g. The young generation of Nepali people don’t take interest in politics.
h. Our village was not infected by Corona.
i. Why do you sneer at me?

C. Fill in the blanks with for, since, until, by or in.

a. The classes will be over by 5 PM.
b. Karma Sherpa reached the top of Mt. Everest in 8 hours.
c. We had met after five years. So we kept on talking until three in the morning.
d. She has been living in America since she got married.
e. He has been playing video game for ten hours.
f. She practices the Sitar every day for five hours.
g. He lived in Jumla until he passed high school examinations.
h. There is no chance of dry weather even today. It has rained since last Saturday.
i. I can type 120 words in a minute.
j. We take an early breakfast. It’s generally ready by six in the morning.

Wednesday, 2 April 2025

Preposition NEB Grade 11 and 12

Examples of Prepositions:

Detailed Rules for Using ‘IN’ with Examples

1. ‘IN’ for Place (Location or Position)

Detailed Rules for Using ‘ON’ with Examples

1. ‘ON’ for Place (Position or Location)

2. ‘ON’ for Time

3. ‘ON’ for Direction and Movement

4. ‘ON’ for Manner, Condition, and Influence

5. ‘ON’ in Common Expressions

Summary of ‘ON’ Usage

Detailed Rules for Using ‘AT’ with Examples

1. ‘AT’ for Place (Location or Position)

2. ‘AT’ for Time

3. ‘AT’ for Direction and Movement

4. ‘AT’ for Manner, Condition, and State

5. ‘AT’ in Common Expressions

Summary of ‘AT’ Usage

25 fill-in-the-blank exercises using in, on, at.

Fill in the blanks with ‘in,’ ‘on,’ or ‘at’

Answer Key:

Fill in the blanks with ‘in,’ ‘on,’ or ‘at’

Answer Key:

Detailed Rules for Using ‘BY’ with Examples

1. ‘BY’ for Place (Proximity or Location)

2. ‘BY’ for Time (Deadline or Before a Certain Time)

3. ‘BY’ for Means and Methods

4. ‘BY’ for Agent (Passive Voice)

5. ‘BY’ for Measurement (Quantity, Size, Amount, Difference, and Rate)

6. ‘BY’ for Position or Action

7. ‘BY’ in Common Expressions

Summary of ‘BY’ Usage

Detailed Rules for Using ‘TO’ with Examples

1. ‘TO’ for Direction, Movement, and Destination

2. ‘TO’ for Time (Starting and Ending Points, Deadlines)

3. ‘TO’ for Purpose and Reason

4. ‘TO’ for Comparisons and Relations

5. ‘TO’ for Limits and Extent

6. ‘TO’ in Fixed Expressions

Summary of ‘TO’ Usage

Detailed Rules for Using ‘From,’ ‘With,’ and ‘Since’ with Examples

1. ‘FROM’ – Indicating Origin, Source, Time, Cause, and Difference

(A) ‘FROM’ for Origin and Source

(B) ‘FROM’ for Time (Starting Point of an Action)

(C) ‘FROM’ for Cause and Reason

(D) ‘FROM’ for Difference and Separation

2. ‘WITH’ – Indicating Accompaniment, Instrument, Manner, and Cause

(A) ‘WITH’ for Accompaniment (Together with Someone or Something)

(B) ‘WITH’ for Instruments and Tools

(C) ‘WITH’ for Manner and Emotion

3. ‘SINCE’ – Indicating Time and Reason

(A) ‘SINCE’ for a Specific Time (Starting Point Until Now)

(B) ‘SINCE’ for Cause and Reason

Summary of ‘FROM,’ ‘WITH,’ and ‘SINCE’ Usage

Final Thoughts

1. Prepositions of Place

2. Prepositions of Time

3. Prepositions of Direction/Movement

4. Prepositions of Manner/Means

5. Prepositions of Relation

Preposition NEB Grade 11 and 12