TRUE,
FALSE and NOT GIVEN in IELTS Reading Passage
TRUE
If the statement matches the information in the passage
FALSE
If the statement contradicts the information in the passage
NOT GIVEN
If the information is not found in the passage
Sample 1
The hottest month
According to the Met Office, the UK had its warmest July
day ever on July 1, when temperatures hit 36.7 C near London. There were record
heat waves in many countries including Spain, while the African continent had
the second-warmest July on record.
While the impact of increased levels of carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere is a key driver of rising temperatures, another important factor
is El Nino. This natural phenomenon, which appears as a large swathe of warm
water in the Pacific every few years, is known to push up global temperatures.
In recent days there have been reports that this year's El
Nino will be particularly intense. As a result, many experts believe that 2015
will be the warmest year on record by some margin.
The seas have also been soaking up a large amount of heat,
the NOAA said, with record warming in large expanses of the Pacific and Indian
Oceans
Peter Stott, head of climate monitoring and attribution at
the UK Met Office, said: "A strong El Nino is under way in the tropical
Pacific and this, combined with the long-term global warming trend, means there
is the potential to see some very warm months throughout this year - as the new
figures for July appear to show.
Questions
1. 1 Africa had the warmest July day ever on July 1.
2. 2 The temperature is rising due to the increased level
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
3. 3 2015 might be the hottest year in the history.
4. 4 Record warming was recorded in various seas, such as
Black and Azov Sea.
5. 5 The year 2015 might very well consist of a number of
very warm months.
Sample 2
The
concept of releasing aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the Arctic has
been proposed by several scientists. This would involve using sulphur or
hydrogen sulphide aerosols so that sulphur dioxide would form clouds, which
would, in turn, lead to global dimming. The idea is modelled on historic
volcanic explosions, such as that of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991,
which led to a short-term cooling of global temperatures by 0.5 °C. Scientists
have also scrutinised whether it’s possible to preserve the ice sheets of
Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving
into the sea. Meanwhile, in the Russian Arctic, geoengineering plans include
the planting of millions of birch trees. Whereas the region’s native evergreen
pines shade the snow and absorb radiation, birches would shed their leaves in
winter, thus enabling radiation to be reflected by the snow. Re-routing Russian
rivers to increase cold water flow to ice-forming areas could also be used to
slow down warming, say some climate scientists.
Questions
1. Many scientists thought
it was irrelevant to release the aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the
Arctic.
2. Sulphur dioxide aerosols
will lead to global dimming.
3. Climate scientists say
that Re-routing Russian rivers will not only increase the water flow in the
ice-forming areas but will also help in slowing down the warming.
4. Planting of birch trees
in the Arctic region will absorb the radiation.
5. The historic volcanic
explosions on Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines occurred in the year 1991.
Sample 3
All
dinosaurs, whether large or small, quadrupedal or bipedal, fleet-footed or
slow-moving, shared a common body plan. Identification of this plan makes it
possible to differentiate dinosaurs from any other types of animal, even other
archosaurs. Most significantly, in dinosaurs, the pelvis and femur had evolved
so that the hind limbs were held vertically beneath the body, rather than
sprawling out to the sides like the limbs of a lizard. The femur of all
dinosaur hull a sharply in-turned neck and a halt-shaped bead, which slotted
into a fully open acetabulum or hip socket. A supra-acetabular crest helped
prevent dislocation of the femur. The position of the knee joint, aligned below
the acetabulum, made it possible for the whole hind limb to swing backward and
forwards. This unique combination of features gave dinosaurs what is known as a
“fully improved gait.” Evolution of this highly efficient method of walking
also developed in mammals, but among reptiles, it occurred only in dinosaurs.
Questions
1.The dinosaurs were known
as “fully improved gait.”
2. Archosaurs and dinosaurs
are of the same species.
3. The evolution of walking
evolved in all the reptiles and in humans.
4. The dinosaurs’ hind
limbs are sprawling out of the sides like the limbs of a lizard.
5. It is the knee joint
position aligned below the acetabulum that makes it possible for the entire
hind limbs to swing back and forth.
Sample 4
No one
doubts that intelligence develops as children grow older. Yet, the concept of
intelligence has proved both quite difficult to define in unambiguous terms and
unexpectedly controversial in some respects. Although at one level, there seem
to be almost as many definitions of intelligence as people who have tried to
define it, there is broad agreement on two key features. That is, intelligence
involves the capacity to not only to learn from experience but also to adapt to
one’s environment. However, we cannot leave the concept there. Before turning
to what is known about intelligence development, it is necessary to consider
whether we consider the growth of one or many skills. That question has been
tackled in rather different ways by psychometricians and by developmentally.
Questions
1. As children grow older,
Intelligence evolves.
2. The concept of
intelligence has failed to win over the controversies regarding the definition
of intelligence.
3. Intelligence can be
defined as the capacity to learn from experience and learn to adapt to the
environment.
4. It is unnecessary to
consider how many skills are involved in the evolution of intelligence.
5. Many psychometricians
have avoided giving an exact definition of intelligence.
Sample 5
Hot-air
ballooning is generally a safe activity, and serious accidents are rare. In the
event that something does go wrong, several items of safety gear are useful to
have on board. In case, the pilot light and the auxiliary piezo ignition fail,
it is a good idea to have a welding torch flint sparker available for the
pilot’s use. Given the propane combustion used to propel the hot-air balloon, a
fire extinguisher is an absolute necessity. Flame-resistant gauntlets made
out of either leather or Nomex are required for the pilot so that a gas
valve can be disabled even if an open flame is present. While Nomex is a
specially manufactured synthetic form of fire retardant material, synthetic
clothing is generally a hindrance to fire safety, and clothing made of natural
fiber is a superior option for pilots. Finally, a handling line – a long rope
that can be thrown overboard – is a vital precautionary measure that allows
people on the ground to steer the balloon away from trouble.
Questions
1.Fatal accidents are more
common in hot-air balloons
2. Safety gears are always
available on the hot-air balloons
3. It is unnecessary to
carry a fire extinguisher in the hot-air balloons.
4. Flame-resistant
gauntlets made of leather are one of the required items for a pilot.
5. People on the ground use handling rope to steer the
balloon.
Sample 6
One of the strongest
explanations for the severe loss of life has been the fact that the Titanic did
not carry enough lifeboats for everyone on board. Maritime regulations at the
time tied lifeboat capacity to the ship size, not to the number of passengers
on board. This meant that the Titanic, with room for 1,178 of its 2,222
passengers, actually surpassed the Board of Trade’s requirement to carry
lifeboats for 1,060 of its passengers. Nevertheless, with lifeboats being
lowered less than half full in many cases, and only 712 passengers surviving
despite a two-and-a-half-hour window of opportunity, more lifeboats would not
have guaranteed more survivors in the absence of better training and
preparation. Many passengers were confused about where to go after the order to
launch lifeboats was given; a lifeboat drill scheduled for earlier on the same
day that the Titanic struck the iceberg was cancelled by Captain Smith to allow
passengers to attend church.
Questions
1. The Titanic carried
1,178 lifeboats for 2,222 passengers.
2. Out of the total 2,222
passengers, only 712 passengers survived with the help of lifeboats
3. Lifeboat drills were
cancelled by Captain Smith on the very same day when Titanic ended up hitting
the iceberg
4. Captain Smith knew that
the Titanic would hit the iceberg.
5. Passengers who survived the tragic accident were already
trained and prepared.
Sample 7
Read the text below and answer Questions 9-14.
BIG ROCK CLIMBING CENTRE
Big Rock Climbing Center is a modern, friendly
professionally run centre offering over 1,200 square metres of fantastic indoor
climbing. We use trained and experienced instructors to give you the
opportunity to learn and develop climbing skills, keep fit and have fun. Master
our 11 m-high climbing walls using a rope harness, for an unbeatable sense of
achievement. Or experience the thrills of climbing without any harness in our
special low-level arena, which has foam mats on the floor to cushion any fall safety.
Who is Big Rock for?
Almost anyone can enjoy Big Rock. Previous
climbing experience and specialist equipment are not required. You can come on
your own or with friends and family. Comes as a fun alternative to the gym or
for a special day out with the kids. If you're visiting with friends or family
but not climbing, or just fancy coming to look, please feel free to relax in
our excellent cafe overlooking the climbing areas.
Mobile Climbing Wall
Available on a day hire
basis at any location, the big Rock mobile Climbing Wall is the perfect way to
enhance any show, festival or event. The mobile wall can be used indoors or
outdoors and features four unique 7.3 m-high climbing faces designed to allow
four people to climb simultaneously. Quick to set up and pack up, the mobile
climbing wall is staffed by qualified and experienced climbing instructors,
providing the opportunity to climb the wall in a controlled and safe
environment. When considering what to wear, we've found that trousers and
t-shirts are ideal. We will however, ask people to remove scarves. Most flat
shoes are suitable as long as they are enclosed and support the foot. The
mobile wall is very adaptable and can be operated in light rain and winds up to
50 kph. There are however, particular measures that we take in such conditions.
What about hiring the Mobile
Climbing Wall for my school or college?
As climbing is different from the usual team games practiced at schools, we've
found that some students who don’t usually like participating in sports are
willing to have a go on the mobile climbing wall. If you're concerned that some
children may not want to take part because they feel nervous if they climb,
then please be assured that our instructors will support them up to a level
which they're comfortable with. They will still benefit greatly from the
experience.
Questions 9-14
Do the following statement agree with the information given in the
text above?
In boxes 9-14 on your answer sheet write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the
information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
9. When climbing at
the big Rock Centre, it is compulsory to be attached by a rope.
10. People who just want to watch the climbing can
enter the Centre without paying.
11. People can arrange to have a climbing session
in their own garden if they wish.
12. A certain item of clothing is forbidden for
participants.
13. The Mobile Climbing wall can only be used in
dry, calm weather.
14. It is inadvisable for children who are afraid
of heights to use the Mobile Climbing Wall.
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