Study With BR Sir: Conditional sentence (If Sentence) NEB grade 11 and 12

Conditional sentence (If Sentence)

A conditional sentence is a sentence that expresses a condition and its possible result. It usually consists of two parts:

Example of All Conditional Types:

1. Zero Conditional: If you heat water, it boils.

2. First Conditional: If it rains, we will stay inside.

3. Second Conditional: If I were rich, I would travel the world.

4. Third Conditional: If you had studied, you would have passed the test.

1. Zero Conditional (General Truths & Facts)

Rule: If + present simple , present simple

(If+sub+v1/v5+obj, sub+v1/v5+obj)

Use: Used for universal truths, scientific facts, and general rules.
Example:

If you heat water to 100°C, it boils. (Fact)
If you touch fire, it burns. (Universal truth)

2. First Conditional (Real Situations in the Future)

(IF +sub+v1/v5+obj, sub+ will, shall, may, can+v1+obj)

Rule: If + present simple, will + base verb
Use: Used for real and possible future events.
Example:

If you study hard, you will pass the exam. (Possible future outcome)
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. (Real possibility)

3. Second Conditional (Unreal or Hypothetical Present/Future Situations)

(If+sub+v2_obj, sub +would, should, could, might+v1+obj)

Rule: If + past simple, would + base verb
Use: Used for hypothetical or unlikely situations in the present or future.
Example:

If I were a millionaire, I would travel the world. (Imaginary situation)
If she studied more, she would get better grades. (Unreal present situation)

(Note: "Were" is used instead of "was" in formal English, e.g., If I were you...)

5. Third Conditional (Past Hypothetical Situations, Regrets)

(If + sub+had+v3+obj, sub +would, should, could, might+have+v3+obj

Rule: If + past perfect, would have + past participle
Use: Used for hypothetical past situations that did not happen.
Example:

If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam. (But you didn’t study, so you failed.)
If they had left earlier, they wouldn’t have missed the train. (They left late, so they missed it.)

Practice 1

Fill in the blanks with the correct conditional form:

1. If you ______ (study, studied, will study) hard, you will pass the exam.

2. If it ______ (rains, rained, will rain) tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.

3. If I ______ (were, am, will be) you, I would take the job offer.

4. If they had left earlier, they ______ (wouldn’t miss, wouldn’t have missed, won’t miss) the bus.

5. If the sun ______ (shines, shone, will shine), we will go to the beach.

6. If he ______ (doesn’t hurry, didn’t hurry, won’t hurry), he will be late.

7. If she ______ (was, were, had been) taller, she could be a model.

8. If we ______ (had known, knew, know) about the traffic, we would have taken another route.

9. If you ______ (eat, ate, had eaten) too much, you will feel sick.

10. If I ______ (had enough money, have enough money, will have enough money), I would buy a car.

11. If she ______ (calls, called, had called) me, I will answer.

12. If I ______ (win, won, had won) the lottery, I would travel the world.

13. If you ______ (listen, listened, had listened) to me, you wouldn’t be in trouble.

14. If the weather ______ (was, had been, were) better, we would go for a walk.

15. If I ______ (had set, set, have set) an alarm, I wouldn’t have been late.

16. If he ______ (apologized, apologizes, had apologized), she might forgive him.

17. If you ______ (touch, touched, had touched) fire, it burns.

18. If they ______ (arrive, arrived, had arrived) on time, they will see the performance.

19. If you ______ (had studied, study, studied) more, you would have passed the test.

20. If we ______ (don’t hurry, didn’t hurry, hadn’t hurried), we will miss the train.

Answer

Here are the correct answers:

1. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. (First Conditional)

2. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. (First Conditional)

3. If I were you, I would take the job offer. (Second Conditional - Unreal Present)

4. If they had left earlier, they wouldn’t have missed the bus. (Third Conditional - Unreal Past)

5. If the sun shines, we will go to the beach. (First Conditional)

6. If he doesn’t hurry, he will be late. (First Conditional)

7. If she were taller, she could be a model. (Second Conditional - Unreal Present)

8. If we had known about the traffic, we would have taken another route. (Third Conditional - Unreal Past)

9. If you eat too much, you will feel sick. (First Conditional)

10. If I had enough money, I would buy a car. (Second Conditional - Unreal Present)

11. If she calls me, I will answer. (First Conditional)

12. If I won the lottery, I would travel the world. (Second Conditional - Unreal Present/Future)

13. If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be in trouble. (Third Conditional - Unreal Past)

14. If the weather were better, we would go for a walk. (Second Conditional - Unreal Present)

15. If I had set an alarm, I wouldn’t have been late. (Third Conditional - Unreal Past)

16. If he apologizes, she might forgive him. (First Conditional)

17. If you touch fire, it burns. (Zero Conditional - General Truth)

18. If they arrive on time, they will see the performance. (First Conditional)

19. If you had studied more, you would have passed the test. (Third Conditional - Unreal Past)

20. If we don’t hurry, we will miss the train. (First Conditional)

Practice 2