NEB grade 12 unit 2 Modal verbs

 NEB grade 12 unit 2 Modal verbs 

1. Can

Use: Ability, possibility, permission
Example: She can swim.
Nepali: उसले पौडी खेल्न सक्छ।

---

2. Can’t (Cannot)

Use: Inability, prohibition
Example: He can’t come to the party.
Nepali: ऊ पार्टीमा आउन सक्दैन।

---

 3. May

Use: Possibility, polite permission
Example: You may leave now.
Nepali: तपाईं अब जान सक्नुहुन्छ।

---

4. Might

Use: Less certain possibility than “may”
Example: She might be at home.
Nepali: उनी घरमा हुन सक्छिन्।

---

5. Will

Use: Future certainty, willingness, promise
Example: I will help you.
Nepali: म तिमीलाई मद्दत गर्नेछु।

---

6. Would

Use: Politeness, imaginary/hypothetical situations, past habits
Example: I would go if I had money.
Nepali: मेरो पैसा भएको भए म जाने थिएँ।

---

7. Shall

Use: Formal suggestions, future (especially with “I” or “we”)
Example: Shall we dance?
Nepali: के हामी नाच्ने?

---

8. Should

Use: Advice, moral obligation, probability
Example: You should study more.
Nepali: तिमीले बढी पढ्नुपर्छ।

---

9. Must

Use: Strong necessity, obligation, certainty
Example: You must wear a seatbelt.
Nepali: तपाईंले सिट बेल्ट लगाउनैपर्छ।

---

10. Mustn’t (Must not)

Use: Prohibition
Example: You mustn’t smoke here.
Nepali: यहाँ धूम्रपान गर्न पाइँदैन।

---

 11. Could have + past participle

Use: Unused past possibility
Example: I could have won the race.
Nepali: मैले दौड जित्न सक्थें।

---

12. Should have + past participle

Use: Regret or advice for the past
Example: You should have apologized.
Nepali: तिमीले माफी माग्नुपर्थ्यो।

---

13. Would have + past participle

Use: Imaginary past
Example: I would have gone if I had time.
Nepali: मलाई समय भएको भए म जाने थिएँ।

---

14. Must have + past participle

Use: Past certainty
Example: He must have left already.
Nepali: ऊ पहिल्यै गइसकेको हुनुपर्छ।

---

 15. Mustn’t have + past participle (less common, but possible)

Use: Prohibition in past, often sarcastic or speculative
Example: You mustn’t have told her the truth.
Nepali: तिमीले उसलाई सत्य कुरा भनेको हुनुहुँदैन।

---

16. Couldn’t have + past participle

Use: Impossible past
Example: He couldn’t have known.
Nepali: उसले थाहा पाउन सक्दैनथ्यो।

---

17. Wouldn’t have + past participle

Use: Refused past or conditional
Example: I wouldn’t have believed it.
Nepali: म त्यसमा विश्वास गर्ने थिइनँ।

---

18. Mightn’t have + past participle

Use: Negative possibility in the past
Example: She mightn’t have seen the message.
Nepali: उसले सन्देश देखेको नहुन सक्छ।