NEB class 11 Essays 3rd essay What I Require from Life By J.B.S. Haldane

 3^rd essay

What I Require from Life

By J.B.S. Haldane

"What I Require from Life" is an essay by J.B.S. Haldane, a prominent British scientist and writer known for his work in biology and his outspoken views on science and society. In this essay, Haldane reflects on the needs and aspirations that shape a meaningful life, blending his scientific perspective with philosophical inquiry.

About essayist (J.B.S. Haldane)

J.B.S. Haldane (1892–1964) was a renowned scientist, known for his contributions to genetics and evolutionary biology. He was also a bold and original thinker who often expressed his views on social and political issues. Haldane was deeply interested in the intersection of science, ethics, and human progress, and he emphasized the importance of scientific inquiry and rational thinking. His writings reflect a broad curiosity about the world and humanity’s place within it.

Themes

1.  Human Aspirations and Needs: Haldane explores the essential requirements for a meaningful life, suggesting that these needs go beyond material comforts. He emphasizes intellectual curiosity, personal growth, and the pursuit of knowledge.

2. The Role of Science and Rational Thinking: Haldane, a scientist himself, argues that scientific discovery and rational thought should be at the core of human life. He sees science as a path to understanding the world and solving human problems, and he calls for a society that nurtures and values scientific inquiry.

3. Intellectual Independence: Haldane stresses the importance of thinking independently and not being confined by tradition or dogma. He urges people to question the status quo and to be open to new ideas.

4. Social Responsibility: Haldane emphasizes that individual progress is not separate from the collective good. He believes that one’s actions should contribute to the betterment of society, and that humans should work toward creating a fairer, more just world.

Summary in short

In What I Require from Life, J.B.S. Haldane explains that life is not about wealth or comfort but about learning and curiosity. He believes that true happiness comes from discovering new things and understanding the world.

As a scientist, Haldane says science and logical thinking are important for solving problems and making life better. He sees science as a way to help both individuals and society.

He also believes people should care about others. A meaningful life should include working to make the world fairer and better for everyone. In short, Haldane says a good life means being curious, thinking clearly, and helping others.

Summary in detail

In "What I Require from Life," J.B.S. Haldane outlines his philosophical perspective on what constitutes a fulfilling and meaningful life. He begins by rejecting the idea that the ultimate purpose of life is to accumulate wealth or personal comforts. Instead, Haldane argues that intellectual curiosity and the pursuit of knowledge are the primary drivers of a meaningful existence. He stresses the importance of a life dedicated to learning, discovering, and understanding the world, rather than one focused solely on material gain or social status. Haldane believes that true fulfillment comes from personal growth and intellectual engagement, not from external achievements or possessions.

Haldane also emphasizes the essential role of science and rational thinking in shaping human life. As a scientist, he argues that the pursuit of scientific knowledge is crucial for understanding the natural world and solving the complex problems faced by society. He views science not only as a way to expand human understanding but also as a means to improve the human condition. For Haldane, scientific inquiry is inseparable from the goal of societal progress. He believes that a commitment to rational thought and scientific exploration should be central to human life, shaping both personal decisions and collective action.

Finally, Haldane underscores the importance of social responsibility in a fulfilling life. He asserts that individual progress cannot be separated from the collective good and that people should use their intellectual and personal growth to contribute to society. He calls for a life that not only seeks personal enrichment but also works toward creating a fairer, more just world for everyone. Haldane’s reflections blend his scientific worldview with a moral commitment to improving society, advocating for a life that combines curiosity, intellectual rigor, and a sense of responsibility to the broader community.

Understanding the text

Answer the following questions.

a. How does the writer distinguish between a peaceful age and a heroic age?

In "What I Require from Life," J.B.S. Haldane distinguishes between a peaceful age and a heroic age by contrasting the nature of human activity and ambition in each period. A peaceful age, according to Haldane, is characterized by stability, security, and the absence of major conflict. In such an age, people may focus on personal comfort, routine, and maintaining the status quo, often prioritizing material success over larger, more challenging goals. In contrast, a heroic age is marked by struggle, innovation, and the pursuit of great ideals or goals that require significant effort and sacrifice. During heroic times, individuals are driven by the need to overcome obstacles, push boundaries, and contribute to causes that transcend their personal interests. Haldane suggests that while peaceful ages may provide comfort, it is the challenges and aspirations of heroic ages that push humanity forward, encouraging progress, change, and the pursuit of meaningful achievements.

b. Why does the writer want more freedom of speech than most people?

In "What I Require from Life," J.B.S. Haldane expresses a desire for more freedom of speech because he believes it is essential for the pursuit of knowledge, intellectual growth, and the advancement of society. Haldane, as a scientist and independent thinker, values the ability to challenge existing ideas, question established norms, and explore new concepts without fear of censorship or repression. He argues that the free exchange of ideas is vital for progress, as it allows individuals to share insights, debate differing viewpoints, and critically examine societal issues. Haldane recognizes that true intellectual freedom is necessary for discovering truths, solving problems, and pushing the boundaries of human understanding. His call for greater freedom of speech reflects his belief in the importance of an open, transparent society where all ideas, no matter how unconventional, can be expressed and scrutinized.

c. According to the writer, what are the four general human needs?

According to the writer the four general human needs are work, freedom of speech, health and friendship. In "What I Require from Life," J.B.S. Haldane outlines four general human needs that he believes are essential for a meaningful and fulfilling life: work, freedom of speech, health, and friendship.

·         Work: Haldane stresses the importance of meaningful work, which provides individuals with purpose, structure, and the opportunity to contribute to society. He believes that work should not just be about earning a living but should also provide intellectual and emotional satisfaction.

·         Freedom of speech: He argues that the ability to express ideas openly and without fear of repression is vital for intellectual and societal progress. Freedom of speech allows individuals to challenge norms, exchange ideas, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge.

·         Health: Haldane recognizes that good physical and mental health is crucial for individuals to live fully and engage with the world around them. Without health, other aspects of life—such as work and relationships—become more difficult to pursue.

·         Friendship: Haldane highlights the importance of meaningful social connections, emphasizing that friendships and relationships with others are fundamental to emotional well-being and a fulfilling life.

 

d. What is the difference between desire and demand according to the writer?

In "What I Require from Life," J.B.S. Haldane distinguishes between desire and demand by emphasizing that desire is an inherent, personal longing or wish for something, while demand is a more active, sometimes public call for something that one believes is necessary or deserved. Desire is driven by individual need or aspiration, and it may be private or internal, not necessarily influenced by external factors. It is something that a person might wish for, but it does not carry the expectation of entitlement or require immediate action.

On the other hand, demand involves a stronger sense of urgency and entitlement. It implies that the individual not only wants something but believes it is a right or necessity that should be fulfilled, often with a sense of expectation or forcefulness. Haldane suggests that while desire is a personal wish, demand often arises from a more public or societal perspective, where people feel justified in seeking their needs or rights to be met.

e. Why does the writer demand security?

In "What I Require from Life," J.B.S. Haldane demands security because he believes it is essential for intellectual and creative freedom. For Haldane, security provides the stability needed to think critically, pursue scientific research, and engage in meaningful work without constant fear of personal or financial instability. He views security as a foundation that allows individuals to focus on higher goals, such as the advancement of knowledge, creativity, and social progress, without the distractions of worrying about basic survival or financial hardship. In his view, without security, people are limited in their ability to take risks, innovate, and contribute to society in significant ways. Therefore, he sees security not as a luxury, but as a fundamental need that enables individuals to fully realize their potential and fulfill their responsibilities.

Reference to the context

Explain the following lines with reference to the context:

a. “The satisfaction of adventure is something much more solid than a thrill.”

In this statement, “The satisfaction of adventure is something much more solid than a thrill,” J.B.S. Haldane suggests that the deeper value of adventure lies not in the fleeting excitement or adrenaline rush it provides, but in the lasting sense of fulfillment and personal growth that comes from overcoming challenges and exploring the unknown. While a thrill might offer temporary enjoyment or excitement, the satisfaction from adventure is more enduring. It comes from the sense of accomplishment, learning, and self-discovery that arises from venturing into new and uncertain territory, whether physically, intellectually, or emotionally. Haldane emphasizes that true adventure enriches the individual, providing a sense of purpose and a lasting impact that goes beyond the immediate pleasure of the experience.

b.“I want the workers to see the fruit of their own work not in profits for others, but in their own and their friends’ well-being.”

In this statement, “I want the workers to see the fruit of their own work not in profits for others, but in their own and their friends’ well-being,” J.B.S. Haldane expresses his belief in the importance of fair distribution of the rewards of labor. He argues that workers should not simply produce goods or services that generate profit for someone else, but should instead directly benefit from their labor in a way that enhances their own quality of life and that of their communities. Haldane emphasizes the idea of economic justice, where the efforts of workers lead to tangible improvements in their own well-being, such as better living conditions, health, and social security. This perspective reflects Haldane’s commitment to creating a society where work is not just a means to an economic end for a few, but a way for all individuals to improve their lives and experience a sense of fulfillment.

c. Why do you think the essayist has taken reference from the ancient philosophers?

The essayist, J.B.S. Haldane, likely references ancient philosophers in "What I Require from Life" to draw on timeless ideas about human nature, purpose, and ethics. Ancient philosophers, such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, grappled with questions of what it means to live a meaningful and fulfilling life. By referencing them, Haldane connects his own reflections on life’s requirements to a long tradition of thought that emphasizes the importance of intellectual inquiry, moral responsibility, and the search for truth.

Using ancient philosophy allows Haldane to ground his own ideas in a broader intellectual framework, providing a sense of continuity and depth to his arguments. Philosophers like Aristotle, who focused on virtue and human flourishing, align with Haldane’s themes of intellectual and social fulfillment. By invoking these philosophers, Haldane reinforces the idea that the pursuit of knowledge, freedom, and well-being has always been central to human life, offering a timeless perspective on the challenges and aspirations that define a meaningful existence.

d. Discuss the essay in terms of its language, purpose, subject, point of view and mode of writing.

J.B.S. Haldane's essay, "What I Require from Life," can be analyzed through various aspects such as its language, purpose, subject, point of view, and mode of writing.

1.      Language: Haldane's language is both intellectual and accessible. He uses clear, concise language to convey complex ideas, balancing a formal tone with straightforward, thought-provoking statements. His style is not overly technical, despite his background in science, and he avoids jargon, making the essay approachable for a wider audience. The language is reflective and philosophical, inviting readers to consider the deeper meanings of life and human needs.

2.      Purpose: The primary purpose of the essay is to express Haldane's personal beliefs about what constitutes a meaningful life. He articulates the values and needs that he believes are essential for fulfillment, such as intellectual curiosity, social responsibility, and the pursuit of knowledge. His purpose is also to inspire readers to think critically about their own lives, encouraging them to seek purpose beyond material success and to contribute to society in a way that promotes the well-being of all.

3.      Subject: The subject of the essay is Haldane's reflections on the human condition and the requirements for a fulfilling life. He discusses four key needs—work, freedom of speech, health, and friendship—and examines the role of intellectual freedom, creativity, and social justice in creating a meaningful existence. He addresses both individual and collective responsibilities, blending personal aspirations with broader societal ideals.

4.      Point of View: The essay is written from a first-person point of view, allowing Haldane to present his personal thoughts, reflections, and beliefs. This subjective point of view makes the essay more intimate and direct, as Haldane speaks from his own experience and perspective, giving readers insight into his intellectual and ethical framework. This personal approach also invites readers to reflect on their own values and needs.

5.      Mode of Writing: Haldane’s mode of writing is philosophical and reflective, with a tone that is both serious and contemplative. He uses a combination of persuasive and expository techniques, presenting his ideas in a logical manner while also trying to persuade the reader of the importance of his beliefs. The essay is not purely academic; it is a blend of intellectual exploration and personal opinion. Through anecdotes, philosophical musings, and a call for action, Haldane encourages readers to critically examine their own lives and consider the broader social and moral implications of their choices.

e. What is socialism? How is it different from capitalism?

Socialism is an economic and political system in which the means of production, such as factories, land, and resources, are owned and controlled by the state, the community, or the workers themselves. The core idea of socialism is to reduce inequality by ensuring that wealth is distributed more evenly among the population. Under socialism, the government often plays a significant role in planning and regulating the economy, aiming to provide for the basic needs of all citizens, including healthcare, education, and social welfare. The goal is to achieve a fairer distribution of resources, minimize poverty, and ensure that everyone has access to essential services and opportunities.

Capitalism, on the other hand, is an economic system where the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit. In a capitalist economy, businesses and individuals make decisions about production, distribution, and investment based on market forces like supply and demand. Capitalism is driven by competition, and prices are determined by the market rather than by the state. The primary focus of capitalism is on individual freedom and economic growth, with the belief that competition leads to innovation, efficiency, and wealth creation. However, capitalism can also result in significant income inequality and uneven access to resources.

Write an essay about your dream house.

My Dream House

My dream house is a reflection of both my personality and my aspirations, designed to provide comfort, peace, and a sense of belonging. It would be situated in a peaceful location, away from the hustle and bustle of city life, yet not too far from essential amenities. I imagine it being nestled in a serene countryside or on a hill with a beautiful view of nature, where I can enjoy the tranquility of the environment. The house would be spacious, with large windows that allow natural light to flood in, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere throughout the day.

The interior of my dream house would be a blend of modern style and traditional comfort. I would have an open-plan living area with a cozy living room, featuring a fireplace for those chilly evenings, and a modern kitchen equipped with the latest appliances for both functionality and style. The living room would be connected to a large dining area, perfect for hosting family gatherings and dinner parties. A library would also be an important part of my dream house, filled with books and a comfortable reading nook where I could escape into different worlds.

The bedrooms in my dream house would be spacious and designed for relaxation. The master bedroom would have an en-suite bathroom with a luxurious bathtub, creating a spa-like experience at home. There would also be a room dedicated to guests, with a calming, welcoming atmosphere, and an art studio where I could express my creativity. Additionally, I envision a balcony or a terrace where I could sit, enjoy a cup of coffee, and soak in the beauty of the surroundings.

Ultimately, my dream house would be environmentally friendly, with sustainable energy sources such as solar panels and a rainwater harvesting system. The garden would be lush with plants, flowers, and fruit trees, providing a peaceful retreat where I could unwind and connect with nature. I would also have a space for outdoor activities, such as a swimming pool or a small pond, where I could enjoy time with family and friends. Ultimately, my dream house would not just be a place to live, but a sanctuary that nurtures body and mind, offering comfort, peace, and a sense of belonging.