Passage: The History of Paper
Paper is one of the most important inventions
in human history. It was first developed in China around 105 CE by Cai Lun, who
used a mixture of mulberry bark, hemp, rags, and water to create sheets. Before
the invention of paper, people wrote on materials such as bamboo, papyrus,
and parchment.
The knowledge of papermaking spread slowly
along trade routes. By the 8th century, paper was being produced in the Islamic
world, and by the 11th century, it had reached Europe. Early European paper was
often handmade and expensive, but the invention of the printing press in
the 15th century increased demand.
Modern paper is made mainly from wood pulp
and is used for books, newspapers, packaging, and many other purposes. The
development of recycling methods has helped reduce the environmental impact of
paper production.
Summary Completion with Options
Complete the summary below using words from
the passage. Choose the correct answer from the options given.
Paper was first developed in China by ________.
Before paper, people wrote on materials such as ________, ________,
and ________. Knowledge of papermaking spread along ________. By
the 15th century, the invention of the ________ increased the demand for
paper. Modern paper is mainly made from ________, and ________
methods help reduce its environmental impact.
Options:
a) bamboo
b) parchment
c) trade routes
d) Cai Lun
e) wood pulp
f) papyrus
g) printing press
h) recycling
Answers:
1.
d)
Cai Lun
2.
a)
bamboo
3.
f)
papyrus
4.
b)
parchment
5.
c)
trade routes
6.
g)
printing press
7.
e)
wood pulp
8.
h)
recycling
Tips for IELTS Summary Completion with
Options:
- The answer must
come from the passage; paraphrasing is not needed.
- Pay
attention to chronology in the passage—it often helps locate
answers.
- Carefully
read the options; sometimes two words may seem correct, but only one fits
the blank logically.
- Check the grammar
and context of the summary to ensure the chosen word fits.
Passage: The Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China is one of the most
famous architectural achievements in the world. Construction of the wall began
during the 7th century BCE and continued through the Ming dynasty (14th–17th
centuries CE). The wall was built to protect Chinese states from invasions by
northern nomadic tribes.
The Great Wall stretches over 21,000
kilometers and passes through deserts, mountains, and plains. It is made
primarily of stone, brick, and tamped earth, depending on
the materials available in different regions. Watchtowers and fortresses were
built along the wall to allow soldiers to communicate and defend against
attacks.
Today, the Great Wall is a symbol of China’s
historical strength and ingenuity. It attracts millions of tourists every year
and has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987.
Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect and restore sections of the wall
that have deteriorated over time.
Summary Completion with Options
Complete the summary below using words from
the passage. Choose the correct answer from the options given.
Construction of the Great Wall of China began
during the ________ and continued through the ________ dynasty.
The wall was built to ________. It stretches over ________ and
passes through ________, ________, and ________. Materials
used include ________, ________, and ________. Watchtowers
and fortresses were built for ________. Today, it is recognized as a
UNESCO ________, and ________ efforts continue to preserve it.
Options:
a) Ming
b) 21,000 kilometers
c) deserts
d) stone
e) 7th century BCE
f) brick
g) tampered earth
h) mountains
i) protect Chinese states
j) plains
k) World Heritage Site
l) communication and defense
m) conservation
Answers:
1.
e)
7th century BCE
2.
a)
Ming
3.
i)
protect Chinese states
4.
b)
21,000 kilometers
5.
c)
deserts
6.
h)
mountains
7.
j)
plains
8.
d)
stone
9.
f)
brick
10. g) tamped earth
11. l) communication and defense
12. k) World Heritage Site
13. m) conservation
Tips for Summary Completion with Options:
- Scan the
passage for specific numbers, dates, and key terms.
- Chronological
or structural cues help identify correct answers.
- Some options
may be similar, so always check the context of the blank.
Passage: The Amazon Rainforest
The Amazon Rainforest is the largest tropical
rainforest in the world, covering over 5.5 million square kilometers across
nine countries in South America. It is home to an incredible diversity of
plants, animals, and indigenous peoples.
The Amazon plays a crucial role in regulating
the Earth’s climate by absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide. It is
often referred to as the “lungs of the planet” because it produces
roughly 20% of the world’s oxygen. Rivers, including the Amazon River,
flow through the rainforest and support aquatic life and human settlements.
Deforestation is a major threat to the Amazon,
caused by logging, agriculture, and mining. Conservation efforts, such as
creating protected areas and promoting sustainable practices, aim to preserve
the rainforest’s biodiversity and ecological importance.
Summary Completion with Options
Complete the
summary below using words from the passage. Choose the correct answer
from the options given.
The Amazon
Rainforest is the largest ________ in the world, covering over ________.
It is home to a wide variety of ________, ________, and ________.
The rainforest helps regulate the ________ and is called the ________
because it produces a large amount of oxygen. The ________ flows through
the rainforest and supports both aquatic life and human settlements.
Deforestation caused by ________, ________, and ________
is a major threat. Efforts such as ________ and promoting ________
aim to preserve its biodiversity.
Options:
a) Amazon River
b) tropical rainforest
c) 5.5 million square kilometers
d) plants
e) animals
f) indigenous peoples
g) Earth’s climate
h) lungs of the planet
i) logging
j) agriculture
k) mining
l) creating protected areas
m) sustainable practices
Answers:
1.
b)
tropical rainforest
2.
c)
5.5 million square kilometers
3.
d)
plants
4.
e)
animals
5.
f)
indigenous peoples
6.
g)
Earth’s climate
7.
h)
lungs of the planet
8.
a)
Amazon River
9.
i)
logging
10. j) agriculture
11. k) mining
12. l) creating protected areas
13. m) sustainable practices
Tips
for Summary Completion with Options:
- Identify numbers,
names, and key terms in the passage.
- Look for cause
and effect relationships, especially for threats and solutions.
- Use the exact
wording from the passage; do not paraphrase unless explicitly
required.
- Pay
attention to the order of information—the summary often follows the
passage sequence.
Passage: The History of Vaccination
Vaccination is a medical practice that
protects individuals from infectious diseases by stimulating the immune system.
The first successful vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner in 1796 to
prevent smallpox. He observed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox were
immune to smallpox, leading him to experiment with inoculation.
Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries,
vaccines were developed for diseases such as polio, measles, and tuberculosis.
These vaccines have significantly reduced mortality rates and eradicated
smallpox worldwide.
Modern vaccination programs continue to
expand, using advanced technology to create vaccines against influenza,
hepatitis, and more recently, COVID-19. Public health campaigns aim to increase
awareness, ensure widespread coverage, and combat vaccine hesitancy to protect
populations.
Summary Completion with Options
Complete the
summary below using words from the passage. Choose the correct answer
from the options given.
Vaccination
stimulates the ________ to protect people from infectious diseases. The
first successful vaccine was developed by ________ in 1796 to prevent ________.
Jenner observed that milkmaids who had contracted ________ were immune
to smallpox. Later vaccines were developed for diseases such as ________,
________, and ________. Modern vaccination programs create
vaccines against ________ and ________, and public health
campaigns aim to increase ________ and combat ________.
Options:
a) smallpox
b) polio
c) Edward Jenner
d) cowpox
e) immune system
f) tuberculosis
g) COVID-19
h) influenza
i) awareness
j) vaccine hesitancy
Answers:
1.
e)
immune system
2.
c)
Edward Jenner
3.
a)
smallpox
4.
d)
cowpox
5.
b)
polio
6.
f)
tuberculosis
7.
a)
measles (Note: add
“measles” if using the passage text)
8.
h)
influenza
9.
g)
COVID-19
10. i) awareness
11. j) vaccine hesitancy
Tips
for Summary Completion with Options:
- Use keywords
or short phrases directly from the passage.
- Focus on chronology,
especially for historical or scientific passages.
- Pay
attention to cause-effect relationships, e.g., why Jenner
experimented.
- Check the grammar
and context to select the correct option.
Electricity is a form of energy resulting from
the movement of charged particles. The study of electricity began in the 17th
century with experiments by scientists such as William Gilbert, who
first coined the term “electricus” to describe static electricity.
In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin
conducted experiments with lightning, proving the electrical nature of storms.
The 19th century saw major advancements with inventors like Alessandro Volta,
who created the first electrical battery, and Michael Faraday, who
developed the principle of electromagnetic induction.
Today, electricity powers homes, industries,
and transportation. Innovations in renewable energy sources such as
solar and wind energy aim to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and promote
sustainable development.
Summary Completion with Options
Complete the
summary below using words from the passage. Choose the correct answer
from the options given.
The study of
electricity began in the ________ with experiments by ________,
who coined the term ________. In the 18th century, ________
experimented with lightning. The 19th century brought inventions such as the
first ________ by ________ and ________’s discovery of
electromagnetic induction. Today, electricity powers ________, ________,
and ________, and ________ aim to reduce fossil fuel use.
Options:
a) William Gilbert
b) 17th century
c) 18th century
d) electricus
e) Benjamin Franklin
f) Alessandro Volta
g) Michael Faraday
h) electrical battery
i) homes
j) industries
k) transportation
l) renewable energy sources
Answers:
1.
b)
17th century
2.
a)
William Gilbert
3.
d)
electricus
4.
e)
Benjamin Franklin
5.
h)
electrical battery
6.
f)
Alessandro Volta
7.
g)
Michael Faraday
8.
i)
homes
9.
j)
industries
10. k) transportation
11. l) renewable energy sources
Tips
for Summary Completion with Options:
- Identify chronological
order of scientific discoveries.
- Pay
attention to names, inventions, and centuries mentioned.
- Always
choose the exact terms from the passage.
- Check that
the option fits grammatically into the summary.
Passage: The History of the Internet
The Internet is a global network that connects
millions of computers worldwide, allowing the exchange of information. Its
origins can be traced back to the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET
by the United States Department of Defense. ARPANET initially connected four
universities to facilitate communication and research.
During the 1980s, protocols such as TCP/IP
were developed, which allowed different networks to communicate with each
other, forming the foundation of the modern Internet. In the 1990s, the
creation of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee revolutionized
the way people accessed information, enabling websites, email, and online
services.
Today, the Internet is essential for commerce,
education, communication, and entertainment. Ongoing developments in wireless
technology and cybersecurity continue to expand its accessibility
and safety.
Summary Completion with Options
Complete the
summary below using words from the passage. Choose the correct answer
from the options given.
The Internet
began in the ________ with the creation of ________ by the United
States Department of Defense. Initially, it connected ________ to
facilitate research and communication. In the 1980s, ________ protocols
were developed, allowing networks to communicate. The ________ created
by ________ in the 1990s revolutionized information access. Today, the
Internet is used for ________, ________, ________, and ________.
Modern developments in ________ and ________ continue to improve
it.
Options:
a) ARPANET
b) 1960s
c) TCP/IP
d) Tim Berners-Lee
e) World Wide Web
f) wireless technology
g) cybersecurity
h) commerce
i) universities
j) education
k) communication
l) entertainment
Answers:
1.
b)
1960s
2.
a)
ARPANET
3.
i)
universities
4.
c)
TCP/IP
5.
e)
World Wide Web
6.
d)
Tim Berners-Lee
7.
h)
commerce
8.
j)
education
9.
k)
communication
10. l) entertainment
11. f) wireless technology
12. g) cybersecurity
Tips
for IELTS Summary Completion with Options:
- Follow the chronology
of events in the passage.
- Identify key
names, dates, technologies, and their purposes.
- Use the exact
wording from the passage for the blanks.
- Check that
the selected option fits grammatically in the summary.
Passage: Ocean Currents
Ocean currents
are continuous movements of seawater in specific directions, driven by factors
such as wind, water density differences, and the Earth’s rotation. They play a
crucial role in regulating global climate and distributing heat around
the planet.
Surface currents
are primarily influenced by wind and affect the upper 100 meters of the
ocean. Deep-water currents, also called thermohaline currents, are driven by
differences in temperature and salinity. These currents form a
global conveyor belt, circulating water between the oceans and influencing
weather patterns.
Major currents,
such as the Gulf Stream, transport warm water from the tropics toward
the poles, while cold currents flow from polar regions toward the equator.
Ocean currents also affect marine ecosystems, helping to distribute nutrients
and support biodiversity.
Summary Completion with Options
Complete the
summary below using words from the passage. Choose the correct answer
from the options given.
Ocean currents
are continuous movements of ________, influenced by wind, ________,
and the Earth’s rotation. They help regulate ________ and distribute ________.
Surface currents affect the upper ________ of the ocean, while
deep-water currents, called ________, are driven by differences in ________
and ________. Major currents like the ________ carry warm water
toward the poles, and cold currents flow toward the ________. Currents
also support marine life by distributing ________ and maintaining ________.
Options:
a) temperature
b) salinity
c) 100 meters
d) Gulf Stream
e) global climate
f) seawater
g) thermohaline currents
h) equator
i) nutrients
j) biodiversity
k) water density
Answers:
1.
f)
seawater
2.
k)
water density
3.
e)
global climate
4.
a)
heat (Note: use
"heat" from “distributing heat” in passage)
5.
c)
100 meters
6.
g)
thermohaline currents
7.
a)
temperature
8.
b)
salinity
9.
d)
Gulf Stream
10. h) equator
11. i) nutrients
12. j) biodiversity
Tips
for Summary Completion with Options:
- Look for keywords
and technical terms in the passage.
- Pay
attention to causes, effects, and processes.
- Use exact
wording from the passage; do not invent synonyms unless the passage
allows.
- The summary
often follows the same order as the passage.
Passage 1: Mount Everest
Mount Everest,
the highest mountain in the world, is part of the Himalaya range. It
rises to an elevation of 8,848 meters above sea level. The mountain was
first surveyed by the British in 1856 and initially called Peak XV.
Mount Everest
attracts climbers from around the world, although it presents extreme
challenges such as altitude sickness, harsh weather, and avalanches. The
first confirmed successful ascent was by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing
Norgay in 1953. Today, climbing permits and regulations aim to reduce
environmental impacts on the mountain.
Summary
Completion with Options:
Mount Everest is
the highest mountain in the ________, with an elevation of ________.
It was first surveyed by the British and called ________. Climbers face
challenges like ________ and harsh ________. The first successful
ascent was by ________ and ________. Modern climbing requires
permits to reduce ________.
Options:
a) Himalaya
b) Peak XV
c) altitude sickness
d) weather
e) Sir Edmund Hillary
f) Tenzing Norgay
g) environmental impacts
h) 8,848 meters
Answers:
1.
a)
Himalaya
2.
h)
8,848 meters
3.
b)
Peak XV
4.
c)
altitude sickness
5.
d)
weather
6.
e)
Sir Edmund Hillary
7.
f)
Tenzing Norgay
8.
g)
environmental impacts
Passage 2: Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are
diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate
structures secreted by corals. They support thousands of species, including
fish, mollusks, and sea turtles. Coral reefs provide coastal protection,
tourism opportunities, and fisheries for millions of people.
However, coral
reefs face threats such as climate change, ocean acidification,
pollution, and destructive fishing practices. Conservation strategies include
establishing marine protected areas, coral farming, and reducing local
stressors to maintain reef health.
Summary
Completion with Options:
Coral reefs are
underwater ecosystems made of ________. They support species like ________,
________, and ________. Reefs provide benefits such as ________,
tourism, and ________. Threats to reefs include ________, ________,
pollution, and destructive fishing. Conservation strategies include ________,
________, and reducing ________.
Options:
a) fish
b) coral farming
c) ocean acidification
d) calcium carbonate
e) mollusks
f) sea turtles
g) marine protected areas
h) coastal protection
i) fisheries
j) climate change
k) local stressors
Answers:
1.
d)
calcium carbonate
2.
a)
fish
3.
e)
mollusks
4.
f)
sea turtles
5.
h)
coastal protection
6.
i)
fisheries
7.
j)
climate change
8.
c)
ocean acidification
9.
g)
marine protected areas
10. b) coral farming
11. k) local stressors
Passage 3: The Moon
The Moon is
Earth’s only natural satellite and the fifth largest in the Solar System. It
has a diameter of about 3,474 kilometers and orbits the Earth every 27.3
days.
The Moon’s
surface features include craters, maria, and mountain ranges,
formed by meteor impacts and volcanic activity. The Moon influences Earth’s
tides through gravitational pull. Humans first landed on the Moon during the Apollo
11 mission in 1969.
Summary
Completion with Options:
The Moon is
Earth’s ________ and the fifth largest in the Solar System. It has a
diameter of ________ and orbits Earth every ________. Its surface
includes ________, ________, and ________. The Moon
affects Earth’s ________. Humans first landed on the Moon during the ________.
Options:
a) natural satellite
b) 3,474 kilometers
c) 27.3 days
d) craters
e) maria
f) mountain ranges
g) tides
h) Apollo 11 mission
Answers:
1.
a)
natural satellite
2.
b)
3,474 kilometers
3.
c)
27.3 days
4.
d)
craters
5.
e)
maria
6.
f)
mountain ranges
7.
g)
tides
8.
h)
Apollo 11 mission
Passage 4: The Solar System
The Solar System
consists of the Sun and all objects bound to it by gravity,
including planets, moons, comets, asteroids, and meteoroids. The inner
planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars—are rocky, while the outer planets are
gas giants.
The asteroid
belt lies between Mars and Jupiter. Comets are icy bodies that form tails
when near the Sun. The Solar System’s formation began about 4.6 billion
years ago from a cloud of gas and dust.
Summary
Completion with Options:
The Solar System
includes the ________ and objects bound by ________. The inner
planets are ________, and the outer planets are ________. The ________
lies between Mars and Jupiter. Comets form ________ when close to the
Sun. The Solar System formed about ________.
Options:
a) Sun
b) gas giants
c) rocky
d) asteroid belt
e) gravity
f) tails
g) 4.6 billion years ago
Answers:
1.
a)
Sun
2.
e)
gravity
3.
c)
rocky
4.
b)
gas giants
5.
d)
asteroid belt
6.
f)
tails
7.
g)
4.6 billion years ago
Passage 5: Renewable Energy
Renewable energy
comes from natural resources that are constantly replenished, including solar,
wind, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass.
Solar energy is
captured using photovoltaic panels, while wind energy is harnessed by turbines.
Hydropower uses the flow of water, and geothermal energy uses the Earth’s heat.
Renewable energy reduces greenhouse gas emissions and helps combat climate
change.
Summary
Completion with Options:
Renewable energy is
derived from ________. Examples include ________, ________,
________, ________, and ________. Solar energy is captured
with ________, and wind energy with ________. Hydropower uses ________,
and geothermal energy uses ________. Renewable energy helps reduce ________
and combat ________.
Options:
a) natural resources
b) solar
c) wind
d) hydropower
e) geothermal
f) biomass
g) photovoltaic panels
h) turbines
i) flow of water
j) Earth’s heat
k) greenhouse gas emissions
l) climate change
Answers:
1.
a)
natural resources
2.
b)
solar
3.
c)
wind
4.
d)
hydropower
5.
e)
geothermal
6.
f)
biomass
7.
g)
photovoltaic panels
8.
h)
turbines
9.
i)
flow of water
10. j) Earth’s heat
11. k) greenhouse gas emissions
12. l) climate change
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