PTE Grammar
1. Parts of Speech (Foundation of Grammar)
a. Noun
Names of people,
places, things, ideas.
Examples
- Education is
important.
- Students
attend lectures.
👉 PTE Tip: Identify noun forms for
fill-in-the-blanks (educate → education).
b. Pronoun
Used instead of
nouns.
Examples
- She
completed the task.
- They are
attending the seminar.
c. Verb
Shows action or
state.
Examples
- Students study
daily.
- The lecture was
interesting.
d. Adjective
Describes a noun.
Examples
- A complex
problem
- An effective
solution
e. Adverb
Describes verb,
adjective, or another adverb.
Examples
- She speaks fluently.
- The data is highly
reliable.
2. Tenses (Very Important for PTE)
a. Present Simple
Used for facts,
routines, general truths.
Structure
Subject + base
verb (+ s/es)
Examples
- Students study
grammar.
- He teaches
English.
b. Present Continuous
Actions happening
now or temporary actions.
Structure
am/is/are +
verb-ing
Examples
- She is
preparing for PTE.
- They are
attending a lecture.
c. Present Perfect
Actions completed
with present relevance.
Structure
has/have + past
participle
Examples
- She has
completed the test.
- Researchers have
found new data.
d. Past Simple
Completed actions
in the past.
Examples
- He wrote
the essay yesterday.
- They attended
the seminar.
e. Future Forms
Will
- Predictions,
instant decisions
The results will
be announced.
Going
to
- Planned
decisions
She is going
to take PTE.
3. Subject–Verb Agreement
Rules
- Singular
subject → singular verb
- Plural
subject → plural verb
Examples
- Each student
has an ID.
- Many
students have registered.
Tricky
Subjects
- Everyone,
somebody, nobody → singular
- A number of
→ plural
- The number
of → singular
4. Articles (a, an, the)
a / an (Indefinite)
Used for general
or first mention.
Examples
- A university
- An idea
the (Definite)
Specific or
already known.
Examples
- The
university I visited
- The results
were published
5. Prepositions (Common in PTE)
|
Preposition |
Example |
|
in |
in Nepal |
|
on |
on Monday |
|
at |
at university |
|
for |
for students |
|
by |
by researchers |
6. Modals (Ability, Permission, Possibility)
|
Modal |
Use |
Example |
|
can |
ability |
She can
speak fluently |
|
may |
possibility |
Results may
improve |
|
must |
obligation |
Students must
register |
|
should |
advice |
You should
practice |
7. Passive Voice (Very Important)
Structure
Object + be +
past participle
Examples
- The report was
written by experts.
- Data is
collected annually.
👉 Used frequently in academic texts.
8. Conditionals
Zero Conditional (facts)
- If +
present, present
If you study, you
improve.
First Conditional (real future)
- If +
present, will
If you practice,
you will succeed.
Second Conditional (imaginary)
- If + past,
would
If I had time, I
would study more.
9. Gerund & Infinitive
Gerund (verb + ing)
- After enjoy,
avoid, suggest
Examples
- She enjoys reading.
- Avoid making
mistakes.
Infinitive (to + verb)
- After plan,
decide, want
Examples
- She plans to
study abroad.
- They decided
to apply.
10. Connectors & Linking Words (Scoring
Booster)
Addition
- Moreover,
Furthermore, In addition
Contrast
- However,
Although, Whereas
Cause & Effect
- Therefore,
As a result, Due to
Example
The system is
efficient; however, it is costly.
11. Comparative & Superlative
Comparative
- smarter,
more effective
Superlative
- smartest,
most effective
Examples
- Online
learning is more flexible.
- This is the best
solution.
12. Common Grammar Errors in PTE
❌ He go to university
✅ He goes to university
❌ Discuss about the issue
✅ Discuss the issue
❌ More better
✅ Better
13. PTE Exam-Focused Grammar Tips
✔ Read sentences completely before
choosing words
✔ Check collocations (make a decision,
conduct research)
✔ Identify subject + verb first
✔ Focus on academic tone
✔ Practice Reading & Writing Fill in the
Blanks daily
PTE GRAMMAR RULES – COMPLETE NOTES WITH EXAMPLES
1️⃣ PARTS OF SPEECH (With Exam Examples)
1. Noun
A naming word (person, place, thing, idea).
📌 Forms
·
educate → education
·
decide → decision
✅ PTE Example
·
Education plays a vital role in society.
2. Pronoun
Replaces a noun.
|
Type |
Example |
|
Personal |
he, she, they |
|
Reflexive |
himself, herself |
|
Relative |
who, which, that |
✅ PTE Example
·
Students who practice daily succeed.
3. Verb
Shows action or state.
📌 Types
·
Main verb: study, write
·
Auxiliary: is, have, will
✅ PTE Example
·
Researchers have conducted experiments.
4. Adjective
Describes a noun.
✅ PTE Example
·
A significant improvement
5. Adverb
Describes verb / adjective /
adverb.
📌
ends in -ly
✅ PTE
Example
·
The graph clearly shows growth.
2️⃣ TENSES (MOST IMPORTANT)
A. Present Simple
📌
Facts, routines, general truth
Structure
Subject + base verb (+ s/es)
✅ Examples
·
Water boils at 100°C.
·
She teaches English.
B. Present Continuous
📌
Action happening now / temporary
Structure
am / is / are + verb-ing
✅ Examples
·
Students are preparing for PTE.
C. Present Perfect
📌
Past action with present result
Structure
has / have + V³
✅ Examples
·
Scientists have discovered a new method.
D. Past Simple
📌
Completed action in the past
✅ Examples
·
The lecture ended early.
E. Future Forms
Will
– prediction
·
Results will improve.
Going
to – plan
·
I am going to take PTE.
3️⃣ SUBJECT–VERB AGREEMENT
Basic Rule
·
Singular subject → singular verb
·
Plural subject → plural verb
✅ Examples
·
Each student has an ID.
·
Many students have applied.
Tricky Subjects (VERY IMPORTANT)
|
Subject |
Verb |
|
Everyone, somebody |
singular |
|
Neither of |
singular |
|
A number of |
plural |
|
The number of |
singular |
✅ Example
·
The number of students is increasing.
4️⃣ ARTICLES (a / an / the)
a / an → general
·
a university
·
an idea
the → specific
·
the university I visited
❌ Common
mistake
·
Discuss about the issue ❌
·
Discuss the issue ✅
5️⃣ PREPOSITIONS (HIGH-FREQUENCY)
|
Preposition |
Example |
|
in |
in Nepal |
|
on |
on Monday |
|
at |
at university |
|
by |
by experts |
|
for |
for students |
6️⃣ MODAL VERBS
|
Modal |
Use |
Example |
|
can |
ability |
She can speak fluently |
|
may |
possibility |
Results may change |
|
must |
obligation |
Students must register |
|
should |
advice |
You should practice |
7️⃣ PASSIVE VOICE (VERY COMMON)
📌
Used in academic writing
Structure
Object + be + V³
✅ Examples
·
The report was published.
·
Data is collected annually.
8️⃣ CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Zero Conditional (facts)
·
If you heat ice, it melts.
First Conditional (real future)
·
If you study, you will pass.
Second Conditional (imaginary)
·
If I had time, I would practice more.
9️⃣ GERUND & INFINITIVE
Gerund (verb + ing)
📌
after enjoy, avoid, suggest
✅ Examples
·
She enjoys reading.
Infinitive (to + verb)
📌
after plan, decide, want
✅ Examples
·
He decided to apply abroad.
🔟
COMPARISON
Comparative
·
better, more effective
Superlative
·
best, most effective
✅ Example
·
Online study is more flexible.
1️⃣1️⃣ LINKING WORDS (SCORING BOOSTER)
Addition
·
Moreover, Furthermore
Contrast
·
However, Although
Cause–Effect
·
Therefore, As a result
✅ Example
·
The system is costly; however, it is effective.
1️⃣2️⃣ COMMON PTE GRAMMAR ERRORS
❌ He go to university
✅ He goes to university
❌ More better
✅ Better
❌ Discuss about the topic
✅ Discuss the topic
📝 PTE GRAMMAR PRACTICE (WITH ANSWERS)
🔹
Fill in the blanks
1.
Each student ______ applied.
a) have
b) has ✅
2.
Data ______ collected annually.
a) is ✅
b) are
🔹
Error correction
❌ The number of students are
increasing
✅ The number of students is increasing
🔹
Sentence Transformation
Active → Passive
·
Researchers conducted the study.
→ The study was conducted by researchers.
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