Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

(वर्तमान पूर्ण निरन्तर काल)

Definition

The present perfect continuous tense is used to talk about an action that started in the past and is still continuing, or has just stopped but its effect is visible now.

Nepali:
Present Perfect Continuous Tense प्रयोग गरिन्छ जब कुनै काम भूतकालमा सुरु भएर अहिले पनि जारी छ, वा भर्खरै रोकिए पनि यसको असर अहिले देखिन्छ।

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Structure

Affirmative (Positive)

Subject + has / have + been + V-ing

·         I / We / You / They have been + V-ing

·         He / She / It has been + V-ing

Example:

·         I have been studying English.
→ म अंग्रेजी पढ्दै आएको छु।

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Negative

Subject + has / have + not + been + V-ing

·         She has not been working today.
→ ऊ आज काम गर्दै आएकी छैन।

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Interrogative (Question)

Has / Have + subject + been + V-ing ?

·         Have you been waiting long?
→ के तिमी धेरै बेरदेखि कुर्दै आएका छौ?

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Wh-Question

Wh-word + has / have + subject + been + V-ing ?

·         How long have you been living here?
→ तिमी कति समयदेखि यहाँ बस्दै आएका छौ?

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Common Time Adverbs

Time Expression	Nepali Meaning
For	समयदेखि
Since	देखि
All day	दिनभरि
All morning	बिहानभरि
All night	रातभरि
Recently	हालसालै
Lately	पछिल्लो समयदेखि
How long	कति समयदेखि
So far	अहिलेसम्म

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Uses with Examples

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1Action started in the past and still continuing

·         I have been working here for five years.
→ म यहाँ पाँच वर्षदेखि काम गर्दै आएको छु।

·         She has been studying since morning.
→ ऊ बिहानदेखि पढ्दै आएकी छ।

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2Temporary or ongoing action

·         They have been staying in Kathmandu.
→ उनीहरू काठमाडौंमा बस्दै आएका छन्।

·         He has been preparing for the exam.
→ ऊ परीक्षाको तयारी गर्दै आएको छ।

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3Recently stopped action with present result

·         I’m tired because I have been running.
→ म थाकेको छु किनकि म दौडिरहेको थिएँ।

·         Her eyes are red; she has been crying.
→ उसका आँखा रातो छन्; ऊ रोइरहेकी थिई।

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4Repeated activity over a period of time

·         We have been practicing English every day.
→ हामी दैनिक अंग्रेजी अभ्यास गर्दै आएका छौँ।

·         He has been calling me all day.
→ ऊ दिनभरि मलाई फोन गर्दै आएको छ।

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More Daily-Life Examples

English	Nepali
1.      I have been waiting for you.	म तिमीलाई कुर्दै आएको छु।
2.      She has been teaching for 10 years.	ऊ १० वर्षदेखि पढाउँदै आएकी छ।
3.      We have been watching TV for hours.	हामी घण्टौँदेखि टिभी हेरिरहेका छौँ।
4.      They have been playing football.	उनीहरू फुटबल खेल्दै आएका छन्।
5.      Have you been feeling well?	के तिमी राम्रो महसुस गर्दै आएका छौ?

 

Daily Life Examples

English	Nepali
1.      I have been waking up early these days.	म यी दिनहरू चाँडै उठ्दै आएको छु।
2.      She has been cooking since morning.	ऊ बिहानदेखि खाना पकाउँदै आएकी छ।
3.      We have been cleaning the house all day.	हामी दिनभरि घर सफा गर्दै आएका छौँ।
4.      They have been traveling for two days.	उनीहरू दुई दिनदेखि यात्रा गर्दै आएका छन्।
5.      He has been exercising regularly.	ऊ नियमित रूपमा व्यायाम गर्दै आएको छ।
6.      I have been feeling tired lately.	म पछिल्लो समय थकित महसुस गर्दै आएको छु।
7.      She has been taking online classes.	ऊ अनलाइन कक्षा लिँदै आएकी छ।
8.      We have been waiting for the bus.	हामी बस कुर्दै आएका छौँ।
9.      It has been raining since night.	रातिदेखि पानी परिरहेको छ।
10.  I have been using this phone for years.	म यो फोन वर्षौंदेखि प्रयोग गर्दै आएको छु।

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Work / Office Examples

English	Nepali
1.      I have been working in this company since 2020.	म २०२० देखि यो कम्पनीमा काम गर्दै आएको छु।
2.      She has been preparing the report all morning.	ऊ बिहानभरि प्रतिवेदन तयार गर्दै आएकी छ।
3.      He has been attending meetings all day.	ऊ दिनभरि बैठकमा सहभागी हुँदै आएको छ।
4.      We have been discussing the project.	हामी परियोजनाबारे छलफल गर्दै आएका छौँ।
5.      They have been learning new skills at work.	उनीहरू काममा नयाँ सीप सिक्दै आएका छन्।
6.      I have been handling customer calls.	म ग्राहकका फोनहरू सम्हाल्दै आएको छु।
7.      She has been managing the team effectively.	ऊ टोली राम्रोसँग व्यवस्थापन गर्दै आएकी छ।
8.      He has been traveling for office work.	ऊ अफिसको कामका लागि यात्रा गर्दै आएको छ।

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Study / Student Life Examples

English	Nepali
1.      I have been studying English for three years.	म तीन वर्षदेखि अंग्रेजी पढ्दै आएको छु।
2.      She has been preparing for IELTS.	ऊ IELTS को तयारी गर्दै आएकी छ।
3.      We have been practicing grammar daily.	हामी दैनिक व्याकरण अभ्यास गर्दै आएका छौँ।
4.      He has been reading novels recently.	ऊ हालसालै उपन्यास पढ्दै आएको छ।
5.      They have been attending extra classes.	उनीहरू अतिरिक्त कक्षामा सहभागी हुँदै आएका छन्।
6.      I have been improving my speaking skills.	म आफ्नो बोल्ने सीप सुधार्दै आएको छु।
7.      She has been revising lessons at night.	ऊ राति पाठ दोहोर्याउँदै आएकी छ।

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Question Sentences

English	Nepali
1.      How long have you been living here?	तिमी कति समयदेखि यहाँ बस्दै आएका छौ?
2.      What have you been doing today?	तिमी आज के गर्दै आएका छौ?
3.      Have you been waiting long?	के तिमी धेरै बेरदेखि कुर्दै आएका छौ?
4.      Why have you been working so hard?	तिमी किन यति धेरै मेहनत गर्दै आएका छौ?
5.      Have they been following the rules?	के उनीहरूले नियम पालना गर्दै आएका छन्?

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Negative Examples

English	Nepali
1.      I have not been feeling well today.	म आज राम्रो महसुस गर्दै आएको छैन।
2.      She has not been attending classes regularly.	ऊ नियमित रूपमा कक्षा लिँदै आएकी छैन।
3.      We have not been sleeping properly.	हामी राम्ररी सुत्दै आएका छैनौँ।
4.      He has not been responding to calls.	ऊ फोनको जवाफ दिँदै आएको छैन।
5.      They have not been working efficiently.	उनीहरू प्रभावकारी रूपमा काम गर्दै आएका छैनन्।