Use of “have” and “has” in English and Nepali

Use of “have” and “has” in English and Nepali

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1. Basic Definition (परिभाषा)

Have / Has

• These are helping verbs (auxiliary verbs) and also main verbs.
• They show:
• possession (स्वामित्व)
• experience (अनुभव)
• actions in perfect tenses

Nepali Meaning:

• Have / Has = छ / छन् / भएको छ / राख्नु / हुनु

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2. Difference between “Have” and “Has”

Subject	Use
I, You, We, They, Plural nouns	Have
He, She, It, Singular noun	Has

Examples:

• I have a book.
  👉 मसँग एउटा किताब छ।
• She has a car.
  👉 ऊसँग एउटा गाडी छ।

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3. Use as Main Verb (Possession – स्वामित्व)

Structure:

Subject + have/has + object

✔ Examples:

1.      I have a pen.
मसँग कलम छ।

2.      He has a house.
ऊसँग घर छ।

3.      They have many friends.
उनीहरूसँग धेरै साथीहरू छन्।

4.      Ram has a bike.
रामसँग बाइक छ।

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4. Use in Present Perfect Tense (पूर्ण वर्तमान काल)

Structure:

Subject + have/has + V3 (past participle)

Nepali: … गरेको छ / … भएको छ

✔ Examples:

1.      I have finished my homework.
मैले मेरो गृहकार्य सकेको छु।

2.      She has eaten food.
उसले खाना खाइसकेकी छ।

3.      They have gone to school.
उनीहरू विद्यालय गएका छन्।

4.      He has written a letter.
उसले चिठी लेखेको छ।

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5. Use in Present Perfect Continuous

Structure:

Subject + have/has been + V4 (verb + ing)

Nepali: … गर्दै आएको छ / गर्दैछ

✔ Examples:

1.      I have been reading for two hours.
म दुई घण्टादेखि पढ्दै आएको छु।

2.      She has been working all day.
ऊ दिनभर काम गर्दै आएकी छ।

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6. Use in Questions (प्रश्न बनाउँदा)

Structure:

Have/Has + subject + V3…?

✔ Examples:

1.      Have you finished your work?
के तिमीले काम सक्यौ?

2.      Has he gone home?
के ऊ घर गएको छ?

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7. Use in Negative Sentences (नकारात्मक वाक्य)

Structure:

Subject + have/has + not + V3

✔ Examples:

1.      I have not finished my work.
मैले काम सकेको छैन।

2.      She has not come yet.
ऊ अझै आएकी छैन।

Short form:

• have not = haven’t
• has not = hasn’t

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8. Use for Experiences (अनुभव जनाउँदा)

✔ Examples:

1.      I have visited Pokhara.
म पोखरा गएको छु।

2.      She has seen that movie.
उसले त्यो फिल्म हेरेकी छ।

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9. Use with “Got” (Have got / Has got)

Meaning: छ / पाएको छ

✔ Examples:

1.      I have got a new phone.
मैले नयाँ फोन पाएको छु।

2.      He has got a job.
उसले जागिर पाएको छ।

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10. Special Note (महत्वपूर्ण कुरा)

❌ गलत:

• He have a car.

✔ सही:

• He has a car.

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11. 20 More Examples (English + Nepali)

1.      I have a dog.
मसँग कुकुर छ।

2.      She has a beautiful dress.
उसँग सुन्दर लुगा छ।

3.      We have completed the task.
हामीले काम पूरा गरेका छौं।

4.      He has broken the glass.
उसले सिसा फुटाएको छ।

5.      They have arrived early.
उनीहरू चाँडै आएका छन्।

6.      Ram has a sister.
रामसँग दिदी/बहिनी छ।

7.      I have seen that place.
मैले त्यो ठाउँ देखेको छु।

8.      She has lost her keys.
उसले आफ्नो साँचो हराएकी छ।

9.      We have learned English.
हामीले अंग्रेजी सिकेका छौं।

10. He has bought a car.
उसले गाडी किनेको छ।

11. They have played football.
उनीहरूले फुटबल खेलेका छन्।

12. I have written a letter.
मैले चिठी लेखेको छु।

13. She has cleaned the room.
उसले कोठा सफा गरेकी छ।

14. We have eaten lunch.
हामीले खाना खाएका छौं।

15. He has finished his work.
उसले आफ्नो काम सकेको छ।

16. They have opened the door.
उनीहरूले ढोका खोलेका छन्।

17. I have tried many times.
मैले धेरै पटक प्रयास गरेको छु।

18. She has called me.
उसले मलाई फोन गरेकी छ।

19. We have visited Kathmandu.
हामी काठमाडौं गएका छौं।

20. He has studied hard.
उसले कडा मेहनत गरेको छ।

 

Summary (सारांश)

• Have → I, You, We, They
• Has → He, She, It
• Used for:

1.      Possession (छ)

2.      Perfect tense (गरिसकेको छ)

3.      Experience (अनुभव)