Word Class (Parts of Speech) in English and Nepali

Word Class (Parts of Speech) in English and Nepali

Word class means the category of words according to their function in a sentence. In English grammar, there are 8 main word classes (Parts of Speech).

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1. Noun (संज्ञा)

Definition: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
नेपाली अर्थ: व्यक्ति, स्थान, वस्तु वा विचारको नाम जनाउने शब्द।

English Example	Nepali Meaning
Teacher	शिक्षक
Kathmandu	काठमाडौं
Book	किताब
Love	माया

Sentence Example:

• Ram is a teacher.
• राम शिक्षक हुन्।

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2. Pronoun (सर्वनाम)

Definition: A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun.
नेपाली अर्थ: संज्ञाको सट्टा प्रयोग हुने शब्द।

English	Nepali
I	म
He	ऊ
She	ऊ (महिला)
They	उनीहरू

Example:

• She is reading a book.
• ऊ किताब पढिरहेकी छिन्।

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3. Verb (क्रिया)

Definition: A verb is a word that shows action or state of being.
नेपाली अर्थ: काम, अवस्था वा घटना जनाउने शब्द।

English	Nepali
Run	दौडनु
Eat	खानु
Write	लेख्नु
Sleep	सुत्नु

Example:

• He runs fast.
• ऊ छिटो दौडन्छ।

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4. Adjective (विशेषण)

Definition: An adjective describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.
नेपाली अर्थ: संज्ञा वा सर्वनामको गुण, आकार, अवस्था आदि बताउने शब्द।

English	Nepali
Big	ठूलो
Small	सानो
Beautiful	सुन्दर
Happy	खुशी

Example:

• She has a beautiful house.
• उसँग सुन्दर घर छ।

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5. Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण)

Definition: An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
नेपाली अर्थ: क्रिया, विशेषण वा अर्को क्रिया विशेषणलाई वर्णन गर्ने शब्द।

English	Nepali
Quickly	छिटो
Slowly	बिस्तारै
Very	धेरै
Always	सधैं

Example:

• He runs quickly.
• ऊ छिटो दौडन्छ।

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6. Preposition (सम्बन्धबोधक अव्यय)

Definition: A preposition shows the relationship between a noun/pronoun and another word in a sentence.
नेपाली अर्थ: वाक्यमा संज्ञा वा सर्वनामको सम्बन्ध देखाउने शब्द।

English	Nepali
In	भित्र
On	माथि
Under	तल
Between	बीचमा

Example:

• The book is on the table.
• किताब टेबल माथि छ।

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7. Conjunction (संयोजक)

Definition: A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses.
नेपाली अर्थ: शब्द, वाक्यांश वा वाक्य जोड्ने शब्द।

English	Nepali
And	र
But	तर
Or	वा
Because	किनकि

Example:

• Ram and Hari are friends.
• राम र हरि साथी हुन्।

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8. Interjection (विस्मयादिबोधक)

Definition: An interjection expresses sudden emotion or feeling.
नेपाली अर्थ: अचानक भावना वा प्रतिक्रिया व्यक्त गर्ने शब्द।

English	Nepali
Wow!	वाह!
Oh!	ओह!
Alas!	हाय!
Hurrah!	हुर्रे!

Example:

• Wow! That is amazing.
• वाह! त्यो अद्भुत छ।

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 Summary Table

Word Class	Nepali	Function
Noun	संज्ञा	Name of person/place/thing
Pronoun	सर्वनाम	Replaces noun
Verb	क्रिया	Shows action
Adjective	विशेषण	Describes noun
Adverb	क्रिया विशेषण	Describes verb/adjective
Preposition	सम्बन्धबोधक	Shows relation
Conjunction	संयोजक	Joins words/sentences
Interjection	विस्मयादिबोधक	Expresses emotion

 

Preposition (सम्बन्धबोधक अव्यय)

Definition (English):
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence.

नेपाली अर्थ (Definition in Nepali):
Preposition (सम्बन्धबोधक अव्यय) भनेको वाक्यमा संज्ञा वा सर्वनाम र अन्य शब्दबीचको सम्बन्ध देखाउने शब्द हो।

 

Common Prepositions (सामान्य Preposition)

English	Nepali Meaning
In	भित्र
On	माथि
Under	तल
Between	बीचमा
At	मा / नजिक
Behind	पछाडि
Before	अघि
After	पछि

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Example Sentences

1.      The book is on the table.
किताब टेबल माथि छ।

2.      The cat is under the chair.
बिरालो कुर्सी तल छ।

3.      She is sitting between Ram and Hari.
उनी राम र हरि बीचमा बसिरहेकी छिन्।

4.      The students are in the classroom.
विद्यार्थीहरू कक्षा भित्र छन्।

Uses of In, On, At (Prepositions)

English with Nepali Meaning and Examples

These three prepositions are commonly used to show time, place, and position.

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1. IN (भित्र / मा)

1. Use for Months, Years, Seasons

Meaning: महिना, वर्ष, मौसमसँग प्रयोग हुन्छ।

Examples

·         I was born in 2005.
म २००५ मा जन्मिएको थिएँ।

·         The flowers bloom in spring.
फूलहरू वसन्तमा फुल्छन्।

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2. Use for Parts of the Day

Meaning: दिनको भाग (morning, afternoon, evening)

Examples

·         I study in the morning.
म बिहान पढ्छु।

·         She watches TV in the evening.
ऊ साँझ टिभी हेर्छे।

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3. Use for Long Periods of Time

Meaning: लामो समय अवधि

Examples

·         He will finish the work in two hours.
ऊ दुई घण्टामा काम सक्नेछ।

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4. Use for Inside a Place

Meaning: कुनै ठाउँको भित्र

Examples

·         The students are in the classroom.
विद्यार्थीहरू कक्षाकोठा भित्र छन्।

·         The milk is in the bottle.
दूध बोतल भित्र छ।

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2. ON (माथि / मा)

1. Use for Days and Dates

Meaning: दिन र मितिसँग

Examples

·         I will meet you on Monday.
म तिमीलाई सोमबार भेट्नेछु।

·         My exam is on 10 July.
मेरो परीक्षा जुलाई १० मा छ।

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2. Use for Surface (माथि)

Meaning: कुनै वस्तुको माथि

Examples

·         The book is on the table.
किताब टेबल माथि छ।

·         The picture is on the wall.
तस्वीर भित्तामा माथि छ।

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3. Use for Devices / Media

Meaning: टिभी, इन्टरनेट, रेडियो

Examples

·         I saw the news on TV.
मैले समाचार टिभीमा देखें।

·         She posted a photo on Facebook.
उसले फेसबुकमा फोटो राखी।

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3. AT (मा / नजिक / स्थान)

1. Use for Exact Time

Meaning: ठ्याक्कै समय

Examples

·         The meeting starts at 10 o'clock.
बैठक १० बजे सुरु हुन्छ।

·         I wake up at 6 a.m.
म ६ बजे उठ्छु।

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2. Use for Specific Place

Meaning: निश्चित स्थान

Examples

·         He is at the bus stop.
ऊ बस स्टपमा छ।

·         She is at home.
ऊ घरमा छे।

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3. Use for Events or Activities

Meaning: कार्यक्रम वा गतिविधि

Examples

·         We met at the party.
हामी पार्टीमा भेट्यौं।

·         She is at school.
ऊ स्कूलमा छे।

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Summary Table

Preposition	Main Use	Example	Nepali Meaning
In	Months, years, inside place	in 2025	२०२५ मा
In	Parts of day	in the morning	बिहान
On	Days, dates	on Monday	सोमबार
On	Surface	on the table	टेबल माथि
At	Exact time	at 6 pm	६ बजे
At	Specific place	at school	स्कूलमा

 

1. Uses of IN (भित्र / मा)

No.	Use	Example (English)	Nepali Meaning
1	Months	My exam is in May.	मेरो परीक्षा मे महिनामा छ।
2	Years	She was born in 2000.	उनी २००० मा जन्मिइन्।
3	Seasons	Flowers bloom in spring.	फूलहरू वसन्तमा फुल्छन्।
4	Parts of the day	I study in the morning.	म बिहान पढ्छु।
5	Inside a place	The students are in the classroom.	विद्यार्थीहरू कक्षाकोठा भित्र छन्।
6	Countries / cities	He lives in Nepal.	ऊ नेपालमा बस्छ।
7	Long period of time	I will finish it in two hours.	म यसलाई दुई घण्टामा सक्नेछु।
8	Rooms / buildings	She is in the kitchen.	ऊ भान्सामा छे।
9	Groups / organizations	He works in a bank.	ऊ बैंकमा काम गर्छ।
10	Vehicles (car, taxi)	They are in the car.	उनीहरू कारभित्र छन्।

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2. Uses of ON (माथि / मा)

No.	Use	Example (English)	Nepali Meaning
1	Days	I will visit you on Monday.	म तिमीलाई सोमबार भेट्नेछु।
2	Dates	My birthday is on July 10.	मेरो जन्मदिन जुलाई १० मा हो।
3	Surface	The book is on the table.	किताब टेबल माथि छ।
4	Streets / roads	He lives on Main Street.	ऊ मेन स्ट्रीटमा बस्छ।
5	Public transport	She is on the bus.	ऊ बसमा छे।
6	Electronic media	I saw the news on TV.	मैले समाचार टिभीमा देखें।
7	Internet	I found it on the internet.	मैले यो इन्टरनेटमा भेटें।
8	Attached position	The picture is on the wall.	तस्वीर भित्तामा माथि छ।
9	Special days	We met on my birthday.	हामी मेरो जन्मदिनमा भेट्यौं।
10	Technology devices	She is talking on the phone.	ऊ फोनमा कुरा गरिरहेकी छे।

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3. Uses of AT (मा / नजिक / ठ्याक्कै)

No.	Use	Example (English)	Nepali Meaning
1	Exact time	The meeting is at 10 a.m.	बैठक १० बजे छ।
2	Specific place	He is at the bus stop.	ऊ बस स्टपमा छ।
3	Addresses / points	She is at the door.	ऊ ढोकामा छे।
4	Events	We met at the party.	हामी पार्टीमा भेट्यौं।
5	Institutions	She studies at Tribhuvan University.	ऊ त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयमा पढ्छे।
6	Home / work	My father is at work.	मेरा बुबा काममा छन्।
7	Shops / places	I am at the market.	म बजारमा छु।
8	Age	He started school at age five.	उसले पाँच वर्षको उमेरमा स्कूल सुरु गर्यो।
9	Email address	Contact me at this email.	मलाई यो इमेलमा सम्पर्क गर्नुहोस्।
10	Festivals / holiday time	We travel at Dashain.	हामी दशैंमा यात्रा गर्छौं।

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✅ Quick Difference (Easy Rule)

Preposition	Main Idea	Example
IN	Inside / Long time	in a room, in 2025
ON	Surface / Days	on the table, on Monday
AT	Exact point	at 5 pm, at the station