Subject–Verb Agreement (SVA)
Definition:
Subject–Verb Agreement means the verb must match the subject in number
(singular/plural) and person.
Subject र verb बीच number र person अनुसार मिल्नुपर्छ।
1. Singular Subject → Singular Verb
एकवचन subject भए verb पनि एकवचन हुन्छ
1. He plays
football.
ऊ फुटबल खेल्छ।
2. She writes
a letter.
उनी पत्र लेख्छिन्।
3. Ram goes
to school.
राम विद्यालय जान्छ।
4. The boy runs
fast.
केटा छिटो दौडिन्छ।
5. My father works
in a bank.
मेरा बुबा बैंकमा काम गर्नुहुन्छ।
2. Plural Subject → Plural Verb
बहुवचन subject भए verb plural हुन्छ
6. They play
football.
उनीहरू फुटबल खेल्छन्।
7. We write
letters.
हामी पत्र लेख्छौं।
8. The boys run
fast.
केटाहरू छिटो दौडिन्छन्।
9. My friends live
here.
मेरा साथीहरू यहाँ बस्छन्।
10. Teachers teach
students.
शिक्षकहरू विद्यार्थीलाई पढाउँछन्।
3. “I” and “You” → Plural Verb
“I” र “You” सँग सधैं plural verb प्रयोग हुन्छ
11. I am
happy.
म खुसी छु।
12. I play
cricket.
म क्रिकेट खेल्छु।
13. You are my
friend.
तिमी मेरो साथी हौ।
14. You work
hard.
तिमी मेहनत गर्छौ।
4. Two Subjects joined by “and” → Plural Verb
दुई subject “and” ले जोडिए → plural verb
15. Ram and Shyam are
friends.
राम र श्याम साथी हुन्।
16. Tea and coffee are
available.
चिया र कफी उपलब्ध छन्।
17. He and I are
going.
ऊ र म जाँदैछौं।
18. Books and pens are
on the table.
किताब र कलम टेबलमा छन्।
19. My brother and
sister live here.
मेरो दाजु र बहिनी यहाँ बस्छन्।
5. Subjects joined by “or / nor” → Verb agrees
with nearest subject
verb नजिकको subject अनुसार हुन्छ
20. Ram or his
friends are coming.
राम वा उसका साथीहरू आउँदैछन्।
21. His friends or
Ram is coming.
उसका साथीहरू वा राम आउँदैछ।
22. Neither he nor I am
ready.
ऊ वा म कोही पनि तयार छैनौं।
23. Either you or he is
wrong.
तिमी वा ऊ गलत छ।
6. Indefinite Pronouns → Singular Verb
everyone,
someone, each आदि → singular
24. Everyone is
happy.
सबै खुसी छन्।
25. Someone is
calling you.
कसैले तिमीलाई बोलाइरहेको छ।
26. Each student has
a book.
प्रत्येक विद्यार्थीसँग किताब छ।
27. Nobody knows
the answer.
कसैलाई उत्तर थाहा छैन।
28. Everything is
ready.
सबै कुरा तयार छ।
7. “Some / Many / Few / Several” → Plural Verb
29. Many students are
absent.
धेरै विद्यार्थी अनुपस्थित छन्।
30. Few people know
the truth.
थोरै मानिसले सत्य जान्छन्।
31. Several books are
missing.
धेरै किताब हराएका छन्।
8. Uncountable Nouns → Singular Verb
water, rice, milk
आदि
32. Water is
essential.
पानी आवश्यक छ।
33. Rice is
cooked.
भात पाकेको छ।
34. Information is
useful.
जानकारी उपयोगी हुन्छ।
9. Collective Nouns → Usually Singular
team, group,
class
35. The team is
winning.
टोली जित्दैछ।
36. The class is
silent.
कक्षा शान्त छ।
37. The family lives
here.
परिवार यहाँ बस्छ।
10. “A number of / The number of”
A number of →
plural
The number of → singular
38. A number of
students are absent.
धेरै विद्यार्थी अनुपस्थित छन्।
39. The number of
students is increasing.
विद्यार्थीहरूको संख्या बढ्दैछ।
11. Amount / Time / Distance → Singular
40. Ten kilometers is
far.
दस किलोमिटर टाढा छ।
Quick Summary:
- Singular
subject → singular verb
- Plural
subject → plural verb
- “and” →
plural
- “or/nor” →
nearest subject
- Indefinite
pronoun → singular
- Uncountable
→ singular
50 Situations of
Subject–Verb Agreement
🔑 1.
Singular subject → singular verb
1. He plays football.
ऊ फुटबल खेल्छ।
🔑 2.
Plural subject → plural verb
2. They play football.
उनीहरू फुटबल खेल्छन्।
🔑 3. “I”
takes plural verb
3. I work hard.
म मेहनत गर्छु।
🔑 4. “You”
takes plural verb
4. You are my friend.
तिमी मेरो साथी हौ।
🔑 5. Two
subjects joined by “and” → plural
5. Ram and Shyam are friends.
राम र श्याम साथी हुन्।
🔑 6. Same
person/idea (one unit) → singular
6. Bread and butter is my
breakfast.
ब्रेड र बटर मेरो बिहानको खाना हो।
🔑 7.
“Or/Nor” → nearest subject
7. Ram or his friends are coming.
राम वा उसका साथीहरू आउँदैछन्।
🔑 8.
Reverse case
8. His friends or Ram is coming.
उसका साथीहरू वा राम आउँदैछ।
🔑 9.
“Either…or / Neither…nor”
9. Neither he nor I am ready.
ऊ वा म कोही पनि तयार छैनौं।
10. Either you or she is right.
तिमी वा उनी सही छिन्।
🔑 10.
Indefinite pronoun → singular
11. Everyone is happy.
सबै खुसी छन्।
12. Someone is calling.
कसैले बोलाइरहेको छ।
13. Each student has a book.
प्रत्येक विद्यार्थीसँग किताब छ।
🔑 11.
“Many / Few / Several” → plural
14. Many students are absent.
धेरै विद्यार्थी अनुपस्थित छन्।
15. Few people know this.
थोरै मानिसले यो जान्छन्।
🔑 12.
Uncountable nouns → singular
16. Water is essential.
पानी आवश्यक छ।
17. Information is useful.
जानकारी उपयोगी हुन्छ।
🔑 13.
Collective nouns → singular
18. The team is winning.
टोली जित्दैछ।
19. The family lives here.
परिवार यहाँ बस्छ।
🔑 14. “A
number of” vs “The number of”
20. A number of students are absent.
धेरै विद्यार्थी अनुपस्थित छन्।
21. The number of students is increasing.
विद्यार्थीहरूको संख्या बढ्दैछ।
🔑 15.
Amount/time/distance → singular
22. Ten years is a long time.
दस वर्ष लामो समय हो।
23. Five kilometers is far.
पाँच किलोमिटर टाढा छ।
🔑 16.
Titles/books/movies → singular
24. "Harry Potter" is
interesting.
“ह्यारी पोटर” रोचक छ।
🔑 17.
Plural noun but singular meaning
25. News is important.
समाचार महत्त्वपूर्ण हुन्छ।
26. Mathematics is difficult.
गणित गाह्रो छ।
🔑 18.
“Each / Every” → singular
27. Each boy is present.
प्रत्येक केटा उपस्थित छ।
28. Every student works hard.
प्रत्येक विद्यार्थी मेहनत गर्छ।
🔑 19.
“One of + plural noun” → singular
29. One of the boys is missing.
केटामध्ये एक हराएको छ।
🔑 20. “A
lot of / Some / All” → depends
30. A lot of water is wasted.
धेरै पानी खेर जान्छ।
31. A lot of people are here.
धेरै मानिस यहाँ छन्।
🔑 21.
“There is / There are”
32. There is a book.
त्यहाँ एउटा किताब छ।
33. There are many books.
त्यहाँ धेरै किताब छन्।
🔑 22.
Gerund as subject → singular
34. Swimming is fun.
पौडी खेल्नु रमाइलो हुन्छ।
🔑 23.
Infinitive as subject → singular
35. To read is good.
पढ्नु राम्रो हुन्छ।
🔑 24.
“More than one” → singular
36. More than one student is absent.
एकभन्दा बढी विद्यार्थी अनुपस्थित छ।
🔑 25.
“One and a half” → plural noun but singular verb
37. One and a half hours is enough.
डेढ घण्टा पर्याप्त छ।
🔑 26.
“The + adjective” (group) → plural
38. The poor are suffering.
गरिबहरू पीडित छन्।
🔑 27.
Pair nouns (scissors, pants) → plural
39. Scissors are sharp.
कैँची धारिलो हुन्छ।
🔑 28. “A
pair of” → singular
40. A pair of shoes is new.
जुत्ताको जोडा नयाँ छ।
🔑 29.
Fractions → depends
41. Half of the cake is eaten.
आधा केक खाइयो।
42. Half of the students are absent.
आधा विद्यार्थी अनुपस्थित छन्।
🔑 30.
“Along with / as well as” → singular
43. Ram along with his friends is coming.
राम आफ्ना साथीसँग आउँदैछ।
🔑 31.
“Not only…but also” → nearest subject
44. Not only Ram but also his friends are coming.
राम मात्र होइन, उसका साथीहरू पनि आउँदैछन्।
45. Not only his friends but also Ram is coming.
उसका साथीहरू मात्र होइन, राम पनि आउँदैछ।
🔑 32.
Expressions of price → singular
46. Ten rupees is enough.
दस रुपैयाँ पर्याप्त छ।
🔑 33.
Names ending in “s” → singular
47. The United States is powerful.
संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका शक्तिशाली छ।
🔑 34.
“Each of / Every one of” → singular
48. Each of the players is ready.
प्रत्येक खेलाडी तयार छ।
🔑 35.
“None of” → singular/plural
49. None of the students are/is
present.
कुनै पनि विद्यार्थी उपस्थित छैन।
🔑 36.
“What / Who / Which” → depends
50. What he says is true.
उसले भनेको कुरा सत्य छ।
🎯 Final Summary:
- Singular → singular verb
- Plural → plural verb
- “and” → plural
- “or/nor” → nearest subject
- Uncountable → singular
- Indefinite pronouns → singular
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