Uses of ‘By’ with examples

Uses of ‘By’ with examples

1. Agent (doer) in Passive Voice

“by” shows who did the action

1.      The book was written by Ram.
किताब रामद्वारा लेखिएको थियो।

2.      The song was sung by her.
गीत उनीद्वारा गाइएको थियो।

3.      The work was completed by the team.
काम टोलीद्वारा पूरा गरियो।

4.      The letter was sent by me.
पत्र मेरोद्वारा पठाइएको थियो।

5.      The house was built by workers.
घर मजदुरहरूद्वारा बनाइएको थियो।

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2. Near / Beside (छेउमा / नजिक)

6.      He is sitting by me.
ऊ मेरो छेउमा बसेको छ।

7.      She stood by the door.
उनी ढोकाको छेउमा उभिइन्।

8.      The school is by the river.
विद्यालय नदीको छेउमा छ।

9.      A dog was sleeping by the road.
कुकुर बाटोको छेउमा सुतिरहेको थियो।

10. He waited by the gate.
ऊ गेटको छेउमा पर्खिरहेको थियो।

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3. Means/Method (द्वारा / प्रयोग गरेर)

11. I go to school by bus.
म बसद्वारा विद्यालय जान्छु।

12. She paid by card.
उनले कार्डद्वारा भुक्तानी गरिन्।

13. We traveled by plane.
हामी विमानद्वारा यात्रा गर्यौं।

14. He contacted me by phone.
उसले मलाई फोनद्वारा सम्पर्क गर्यो।

15. Send it by email.
यसलाई इमेलद्वारा पठाऊ।

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4. Deadline (सम्म / अघि)

16. Finish it by tomorrow.
यसलाई भोलिसम्म सकाऊ।

17. I will return by 5 PM.
म ५ बजेसम्म फर्किन्छु।

18. Submit the form by Monday.
फारम सोमबारसम्म बुझाऊ।

19. She will arrive by evening.
उनी बेलुकासम्म आइपुग्छिन्।

20. Complete the task by tonight.
आज बेलुकासम्म काम पूरा गर।

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5. Manner / Way (तरिका)

21. He learned English by practice.
उसले अभ्यासद्वारा अंग्रेजी सिक्यो।

22. She succeeded by hard work.
उनले कडा परिश्रमद्वारा सफलता पाइन्।

23. He improved by reading books.
उसले किताब पढेर सुधार गर्यो।

24. We solve problems by thinking.
हामी सोचेर समस्या समाधान गर्छौं।

25. She lost weight by exercising.
उनले व्यायाम गरेर तौल घटाइन्।

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6. Measurement / Difference (ले फरक)

26. He is taller by 2 inches.
ऊ २ इन्चले अग्लो छ।

27. The price increased by 10%.
मूल्य १०% ले बढ्यो।

28. She won by 5 points.
उनले ५ अंकले जितिन्।

29. The temperature dropped by 3 degrees.
तापक्रम ३ डिग्रीले घट्यो।

30. Sales rose by 20%.
बिक्री २०% ले बढ्यो।

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7. According to / Following (अनुसार)

31. By law, you must pay tax.
कानुनअनुसार, तिमीले कर तिर्नुपर्छ।

32. By rule, uniforms are required.
नियमअनुसार, युनिफर्म आवश्यक छ।

33. By tradition, they celebrate the festival.
परम्पराअनुसार, उनीहरूले चाड मनाउँछन्।

34. By my opinion, it is correct.
मेरो विचारअनुसार, यो सही छ।

35. By the teacher’s advice, I studied hard.
शिक्षकको सल्लाहअनुसार, मैले कडा पढेँ।

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8. Oath / Swearing (कसम / जोड दिएर)

36. I swear by God.
म भगवानको कसम खान्छु।

37. He promised by his honor.
उसले आफ्नो इज्जतको कसम खायो।

38. She swore by her mother.
उनले आफ्नी आमाको कसम खाइन्।

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9. Multiplication (गुणा)

39. 5 multiplied by 2 is 10.
५ लाई २ ले गुणा गर्दा १० हुन्छ।

40. 7 multiplied by 3 equals 21.
७ लाई ३ ले गुणा गर्दा २१ हुन्छ।