Day 4 English Language
Class
Pronouns (सर्वनाम) - English & Nepali
Definition (परिभाषा)
English: A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun to avoid repetition.
Nepali: सर्वनाम त्यो शब्द हो जसले संज्ञाको पुनरावृत्ति नगर्नका लागि संज्ञाको स्थानमा प्रयोग हुन्छ।
Example (उदाहरण):
· Without
pronoun: Ram is a student. Ram goes to school.
· With
pronoun: Ram is a student. He goes to school.
Types of
Pronouns (सर्वनामका प्रकारहरू)
|
Type (प्रकार) |
English Definition |
Nepali Definition |
Example
(English/Nepali) |
|
1. Personal |
Refers to specific people or things |
कुनै विशेष व्यक्ति वा वस्तुलाई जनाउँछ |
I, you, he, she, it, we, they |
|
2. Possessive |
Shows ownership |
स्वामित्व देखाउँछ |
my, your, his, her, its, our, their |
|
3. Reflexive |
Refers back to the subject |
कर्तालाई नै फर्केर जान्छ |
myself, yourself, himself, herself,
itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves |
|
4. Demonstrative |
Points to specific things |
कुनै विशेष वस्तुलाई औंल्याउँछ |
this, that, these, those |
|
5. Interrogative |
Asks questions |
प्रश्न सोध्न प्रयोग हुन्छ |
who, whom, whose, which, what |
|
6. Relative |
Connects a clause to a noun |
वाक्यलाई संज्ञासँग जोड्छ |
who, whom, whose, which, that |
|
7. Indefinite |
Refers to non-specific people/things |
अनिश्चित व्यक्ति वा वस्तुलाई जनाउँछ |
someone, anyone, nothing,
everybody, few, many |
|
8. Reciprocal |
Shows mutual action |
आपसी क्रिया देखाउँछ |
each other, one another |
1.
Personal
Pronouns (व्यक्तिगत सर्वनाम)
Personal pronouns change based on person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number
(singular/plural), and case (subject/object).
Subject Pronouns (कर्ता सर्वनाम) - Doer of the action
|
Person |
Singular
(एकवचन) |
Plural
(बहुवचन) |
Nepali
Meaning |
|
1st |
I |
we |
म, हामी |
|
2nd |
you |
you |
तिमी, तपाईं, तिमीहरू |
|
3rd |
he,
she, it |
they |
ऊ, उनी, त्यो, उनीहरू |
Examples (English & Nepali):
· I
am a teacher. → म शिक्षक हुँ।
· You
are my friend. → तपाईं मेरो साथी हुनुहुन्छ।
· He
is reading a book. → ऊ किताब पढ्दै छ।
· She
is cooking. → उनी खाना पकाउँदै छिन्।
· It
is raining. → त्यो पानी परिरहेको छ।
· We
are Nepali. → हामी नेपाली हौं।
· They
are playing. → उनीहरू खेल्दै छन्।
Object Pronouns (कर्म सर्वनाम) - Receiver of the action
|
Person |
Singular
(एकवचन) |
Plural
(बहुवचन) |
Nepali
Meaning |
|
1st |
me |
us |
मलाई, हामीलाई |
|
2nd |
you |
you |
तिमीलाई, तपाईंलाई |
|
3rd |
him,
her, it |
them |
उसलाई, उनलाई, त्यसलाई, उनीहरूलाई |
Examples (English & Nepali):
· Please
call me. → कृपया मलाई फोन गर्नुहोस्।
· I
saw her yesterday. → मैले उनलाई हिजो देखे।
· Give
him the book. → उसलाई किताब देऊ।
· We
invited them to the party. → हामीले उनीहरूलाई पार्टीमा बोलायौं।
2. Possessive Pronouns (सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम)
Shows who owns something. Note: Possessive pronouns do NOT use apostrophes.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
Nepali
Meaning |
|
1st |
mine |
ours |
मेरो, हाम्रो |
|
2nd |
yours |
yours |
तिम्रो, तपाईंको |
|
3rd |
his,
hers, its |
theirs |
उसको, उनको, त्यसको, उनीहरूको |
Examples (English & Nepali):
· This
book is mine. → यो किताब मेरो हो।
· The
red car is hers. → रातो कार उनको हो।
· Is
this pen yours? → के यो कलम तपाईंको हो?
· The
house is ours. → घर हाम्रो हो।
· The
decision is theirs. → निर्णय उनीहरूको हो।
3 Reflexive Pronouns (निजवाचक सर्वनाम)
Refers back to the subject of the sentence. Ends with -self (singular) or
-selves (plural).
|
Subject
Pronoun |
Reflexive
Pronoun |
Nepali
Meaning |
|
I |
myself |
आफैंले |
|
you
(singular) |
yourself |
तिमी आफैं |
|
he |
himself |
उ आफैं |
|
she |
herself |
उनी आफैं |
|
it |
itself |
त्यो आफैं |
|
we |
ourselves |
हामी आफैं |
|
you
(plural) |
yourselves |
तिमीहरू आफैं |
|
they |
themselves |
उनीहरू आफैं |
Uses (प्रयोग)
|
Use |
English
Example |
Nepali
Example |
|
Action
done to self |
She
cut herself. |
उनले आफैंलाई काटिन्। |
|
Emphasis
(आफैंले) |
I did
it myself. |
मैले आफैंले गरेँ। |
|
Without
help |
He
fixed the car himself. |
उसले गाडी आफैंले मर्मत गर्यो। |
4 Demonstrative Pronouns (संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम)
Points to specific people or things. → कुनै विशेष व्यक्ति वा वस्तुलाई संकेत गर्छ।
|
Pronoun |
Number |
Distance |
Nepali
Meaning |
|
this |
Singular |
Near |
यो |
|
that |
Singular |
Far |
त्यो |
|
these |
Plural |
Near |
यी |
|
those |
Plural |
Far |
ती |
Examples (English & Nepali):
· This
is my house. → यो मेरो घर हो।
· That
is a mountain. → त्यो पहाड हो।
· These
are my books. → यी मेरा किताबहरू हुन्।
· Those
are stars. → ती ताराहरू हुन्।
5. Interrogative Pronouns (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम)
Used to ask questions. → प्रश्न सोध्न
प्रयोग
गरिन्छ।
|
Pronoun |
Use |
English Example |
Nepali Example |
|
who |
asks about a
person (subject) |
Who is coming? |
को आउँदै छ? |
|
whom |
asks about a
person (object) |
Whom did you
call? |
कसलाई फोन गर्यौ? |
|
whose |
asks about
possession |
Whose bag is
this? |
कसको झोला यो? |
|
which |
asks about a
choice |
Which do you
prefer? |
कुन मन पर्छ? |
|
what |
asks about a
thing |
What is your
name? |
के तिम्रो नाम हो? |
6. Relative Pronouns (आपेक्षिक सर्वनाम)
Connects a dependent clause to a noun (antecedent). → वाक्यमा
उपवाक्यलाई मुख्य
नाम
(संज्ञा)
सँग
जोड्छ।
|
Pronoun |
Use |
English Example |
Nepali Example |
|
who |
for people
(subject) |
The man who
called you is my brother. |
तपाईंलाई जसले फोन गर्यो, त्यो मेरो भाइ हो। |
|
whom |
for people
(object) |
The girl whom I
met is kind. |
जसलाई मैले भेटेँ, त्यो केटी दयालु छिन्। |
|
whose |
for possession |
The student
whose pen is missing is sad. |
जसको कलम हरायो, त्यो विद्यार्थी दुखी छ। |
|
which |
for things |
The book which
I read is good. |
जुन किताब मैले पढेँ, त्यो राम्रो छ। |
|
that |
for people or
things |
The movie that
I saw was boring. |
जुन चलचित्र मैले हेरेँ, त्यो बोरिंग थियो। |
7 Indefinite Pronouns (अनिश्चितवाचक सर्वनाम)
Refers to non-specific people or things. → अनिश्चित
व्यक्ति
वा
वस्तुलाई
जनाउँछ।
|
Singular
(एकवचन) |
Plural
(बहुवचन) |
Either
(दुवै) |
|
someone,
somebody, something |
several, few,
many, both |
all, some, any,
none |
|
anyone,
anybody, anything |
||
|
no one, nobody,
nothing |
||
|
everyone,
everybody, everything |
||
|
each, either,
neither |
Important Rule: Singular
indefinite pronouns take singular verbs.
महत्त्वपूर्ण नियम: एकवचन अनिश्चितवाचक सर्वनामहरूले एकवचन क्रिया (singular
verb) लिन्छन्।
|
English
Example |
Nepali
Example |
|
Everyone is
here. |
सबैजना यहाँ छन्। |
|
Somebody called
you. |
कसैले तपाईंलाई फोन गर्यो। |
|
Nothing is
impossible. |
केही पनि असम्भव छैन। |
|
Several are
missing. |
धेरै हराइरहेका छन्। |
8. Reciprocal Pronouns (परस्पर सर्वनाम)
Shows mutual action between two or more people. → दुई
वा
दुईभन्दा
बढी
व्यक्तिबीच आपसी
क्रिया
देखाउँछ।
|
Pronoun |
Use |
English Example |
Nepali Example |
|
each other |
between two
people |
They love each
other. |
उनीहरू एकअर्कालाई माया गर्छन्। |
|
one another |
among three or
more |
We help one
another. |
हामी एकअर्कालाई मद्दत गर्छौं। |
Complete Pronoun Chart (एकै नजरमा)
|
Type (प्रकार) |
Definition (परिभाषा) |
Examples (उदाहरण) |
|
Personal (व्यक्तिगत सर्वनाम) |
Refers to
people or things |
I, you, he,
she, it, we, they |
|
Object (कर्म सर्वनाम) |
Receives the
action |
me, you, him,
her, it, us, them |
|
Possessive (सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम) |
Shows ownership |
mine, yours,
his, hers, its, ours, theirs |
|
Reflexive (निजवाचक सर्वनाम) |
Refers back to
subject |
myself,
yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves |
|
Demonstrative (संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम) |
Points to
specific things |
this, that,
these, those |
|
Interrogative (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम) |
Asks questions |
who, whom,
whose, which, what |
|
Relative (आपेक्षिक सर्वनाम) |
Connects
clauses |
who, whom,
whose, which, that |
|
Indefinite (अनिश्चितवाचक सर्वनाम) |
Non-specific
people/things |
someone,
anyone, nobody, everything, few, many, each |
|
Reciprocal (परस्पर सर्वनाम) |
Mutual action |
each other, one
another |
Practice Questions for Students
Question 1 (Fill
in the blank - Personal Pronoun)
______ am going to Kathmandu tomorrow.
A) You
B) He
C) I
D) They
Answer: C (I)
Question 2 (Fill
in the blank - Object Pronoun)
Please give the book to ______.
A) she
B) her
C) he
D) I
Answer: B (her)
Question 3 (Fill
in the blank - Possessive Pronoun)
This house is ______. We bought it last year.
A) ours
B) our
C) us
D) we
Answer: A (ours)
Question 4 (Fill
in the blank - Reflexive Pronoun)
He taught ______ to play the guitar.
A) his
B) him
C) himself
D) he
Answer: C
(himself)
Question 5
(Choose the correct pronoun)
______ is your name?
A) Who
B) Whom
C) What
D) Which
Answer: C (What)
Question 6
(Identify the pronoun type)
These are my favorite shoes.
A) Personal
pronoun
B) Demonstrative pronoun
C) Interrogative pronoun
D) Reflexive pronoun
Answer: B
(Demonstrative pronoun)
Question 7 (Fill
in the blank - Indefinite Pronoun)
______ called while you were out, but they didn't leave a name.
A) No one
B) Everyone
C) Someone
D) Anyone
Answer: C
(Someone)
Question 8 (Fill
in the blank - Relative Pronoun)
The woman ______ lives next door is a doctor.
A) which
B) whom
C) whose
D) who
Answer: D (who)
Pronoun Practice Questions (25 Questions)
Questions
1–5: Personal Pronouns (Subject & Object)
Question
1
______ am a student at Kathmandu University.
A) You
B) He
C) I
D) They
Answer: C – "I" is the first-person singular subject
pronoun. (Nepali: म)
Question
2
Please call ______ when you arrive at the airport.
A) I
B) me
C) my
D) mine
Answer: B – "Me" is the object pronoun (receives the
action). (Nepali: मलाई)
Question
3
Sita and ______ went to the market together.
A) me
B) I
C) my
D) mine
Answer: B – "I" is correct because it is part of the
subject. Remove "Sita and" to check: "I went to the
market." (Nepali: म)
Question
4
The teacher gave ______ homework to complete over the weekend.
A) we
B) us
C) our
D) ours
Answer: B – "Us" is the object pronoun (receives "gave").
(Nepali: हामीलाई)
Question
5
Between you and ______, I think the exam was difficult.
A) I
B) me
C) my
D) mine
Answer: B – After a preposition
("between"), use the object pronoun "me." (Nepali: म र तपाईंको बीचमा)
Questions 6–9: Possessive Pronouns & Adjectives
Question
6
This pen is not ______. My pen is blue.
A) my
B) mine
C) me
D) I
Answer: B – "Mine" is a
possessive pronoun (no noun after it). (Nepali: मेरो)
Question
7
Is this ______ backpack on the chair?
A) your
B) yours
C) you
D) yours'
Answer: A – "Your" is a
possessive adjective (comes before a noun "backpack"). (Nepali: तिम्रो)
Question
8
That house is ______. They bought it last year.
A) their
B) theirs
C) them
D) they
Answer: B – "Theirs" is
a possessive pronoun (no noun after it). (Nepali: उनीहरूको)
Question
9
She forgot to bring ______ lunch, so she bought food from the cafeteria.
A) hers
B) her
C) she
D) herself
Answer: B – "Her" is a
possessive adjective (comes before "lunch"). (Nepali: उनको)
Questions 10–12: Reflexive Pronouns
Question
10
He cut ______ while chopping vegetables.
A) him
B) his
C) himself
D) he
Answer: C – "Himself"
refers back to the subject "he." (Nepali: आफैंलाई)
Question
11
We painted the entire house by ______.
A) ourselves
B) us
C) our
D) ours
Answer: A – "Ourselves"
shows the action was done without help. (Nepali: आफैंले)
Question
12
Please help ______ to more food.
A) yourself
B) your
C) yours
D) you
Answer: A – "Yourself"
is reflexive, used in polite offers. (Nepali: आफैं)
Questions 13–15: Demonstrative Pronouns
Question
13
______ is my favorite restaurant. (Pointing to a place nearby)
A) This
B) That
C) These
D) Those
Answer: A – "This" is
for singular, nearby things. (Nepali: यो)
Question
14
______ mountains in the distance are covered with snow.
A) This
B) That
C) These
D) Those
Answer: D – "Those" is
for plural, faraway things. (Nepali: ती)
Question 15
______ are the books I borrowed from the library. (Holding the books)
A) This
B) That
C) These
D) Those
Answer: C – "These" is
for plural, nearby things. (Nepali: यी)
Questions 16–18: Interrogative Pronouns
Question
16
______ is knocking at the door?
A) Whom
B) Who
C) Whose
D) Which
Answer: B – "Who" asks
about a person as the subject. (Nepali: को)
Question
17
______ bag was left in the classroom?
A) Who
B) Whom
C) Whose
D) Which
Answer: C – "Whose" asks
about possession. (Nepali: कसको)
Question
18
______ of these colors do you prefer, red or blue?
A) Who
B) Whose
C) What
D) Which
Answer: D – "Which" asks
about a choice between options. (Nepali: कुन)
Questions 19–21: Relative Pronouns
Question
19
The student ______ won the competition is from my class.
A) which
B) whom
C) who
D) whose
Answer: C – "Who" refers
to a person and acts as the subject. (Nepali: जसले)
Question
20
This is the book ______ I was telling you about.
A) who
B) whom
C) whose
D) that
Answer: D – "That" (or
"which") refers to a thing. (Nepali: जुन)
Question
21
The woman ______ car was stolen filed a police report.
A) who
B) whom
C) whose
D) which
Answer: C – "Whose"
shows possession (the woman's car). (Nepali: जसको)
Questions 22–24: Indefinite Pronouns
Question
22
______ left their umbrella in the lobby.
A) Someone
B) No one
C) Anyone
D) Everyone
Answer: A – "Someone"
means an unknown person. (Nepali: कसैले)
Question
23
I looked everywhere, but I found ______.
A) something
B) nothing
C) anything
D) everything
Answer: B – "Nothing"
means not a single thing. (Nepali: केही पनि)
Question
24
______ is ready for the exam. All the students studied hard.
A) Somebody
B) Nobody
C) Everybody
D) Anybody
Answer: C – "Everybody"
means all people. (Nepali: सबैजना)
Question 25: Reciprocal Pronoun
Question
25
The two best friends have known ______ since childhood.
A) each other
B) one another
C) themselves
D) ourselves
Answer:
A – "Each other" is used for mutual actions between two people.
(Nepali: एकअर्कालाई)
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