Day 7 English Language Adjectives

 Day 7 English Language Adjectives

 

Adjectives
An adjective is a word that describes, identifies, modifies, or quantifies a noun or a pronoun. It gives more information about an object's size, shape, age, color, origin, or material.

Nepali:
विशेषण भनेको संज्ञा वा सर्वनामको विशेषता (गुण, अवस्था, संख्या, आकार, रङ्ग, आदि) बताउने शब्द हो। यसले वस्तुको बारेमा थप जानकारी दिन्छ।

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Types of Adjectives with Examples

Type	English Definition	Nepali Definition	English Example	Nepali Example
1.      Adjective of Quality (Descriptive)	Shows kind, quality, or condition of a noun.	संज्ञाको गुण, अवस्था वा प्रकार देखाउँछ।	She is a beautiful girl.	उनी सुन्दर केटी हुन्।
2.      Adjective of Quantity	Shows how much of a thing is meant (uncountable nouns).	अपरिमेय वस्तुको मात्रा बताउँछ।	I need some water.	मलाई केही पानी चाहियो।
3.      Adjective of Number (Numeral)	Shows how many persons or things (countable nouns).	गणनायोग्य वस्तुको संख्या बताउँछ।	He has three books.	उनीसँग तीन वटा किताब छन्।
4.      Demonstrative Adjective	Points out which noun is being referred to.	कुन संज्ञालाई इङित गरिएको हो देखाउँछ।	That car is fast.	त्यो गाडी तीब्रो छ।
5.      Possessive Adjective	Shows ownership or possession.	स्वामित्व देखाउँछ।	That is my pen.	त्यो मेरो कलम हो।
6.      Interrogative Adjective	Used to ask questions about a noun.	संज्ञाको बारेमा प्रश्न सोध्न प्रयोग हुन्छ।	Which shirt do you like?	तिमीलाई कुन शर्ट मन पर्छ?
7.      Distributive Adjective	Refers to each individual in a group.	समूहको प्रत्येक व्यक्तिलाई जनाउँछ।	Every student passed.	हरेक विद्यार्थी उत्तीर्ण भए।

Uses of Adjectives (How to use in a sentence)

A. Before a noun (Attributive use):

·         English: I saw a red balloon.

·         Nepali: मैले रातो बेलुन देखेँ।

 

B. After a linking verb (Predicative use):

·         English: The balloon is red.

·         Nepali: बेलुन रातो छ।

C. After a noun (Post-positive – less common, often in poetry or fixed phrases):

·         English: There once lived a king wise and great.

·         Nepali: एक पटक बुद्धिमान् र महान् राजा बस्थे।

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D. Comparing two or more things (Comparative/Superlative):

·         English: Ram is taller than Shyam. (Comparative)

·         Nepali: राम श्याम भन्दा अग्लो छ।

·         English: She is the smartest in class. (Superlative)

·         Nepali: ऊ कक्षाको सबैभन्दा होसियार छिन्।

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More Examples (English + Nepali Translation)

English Sentence	Nepali Translation
1.      He is an honest man.	ऊ इमान्दार मानिस हो।
2.      I ate some rice.	मैले केही चामल खाएँ।
3.      These apples are sweet.	यी स्याउ मीठा छन्।
4.      Whose bag is this?	यो कसको झोला हो?
5.      We have enough time.	हामीसँग पर्याप्त समय छ।
6.      She bought a woolen sweater.	उनले ऊनी स्वेटर किनिन्।

  

Adjectives change form to show comparison. There are three degrees:

Positive Degree – Describes one thing (no comparison).

Comparative Degree – Compares two things (more, -er).

Superlative Degree – Compares three or more things (most, -est).

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1. One-Syllable Adjectives (Add -er / -est)

Positive	Comparative	Superlative	Nepali (Positive → Comparative → Superlative)
tall (अग्लो)	taller (भन्दा अग्लो)	tallest (सबैभन्दा अग्लो)	अग्लो → अग्लो → सबैभन्दा अग्लो
small (सानो)	smaller (भन्दा सानो)	smallest (सबैभन्दा सानो)	सानो → भन्दा सानो → सबैभन्दा सानो
fast (छिटो)	faster (भन्दा छिटो)	fastest (सबैभन्दा छिटो)	छिटो → भन्दा छिटो → सबैभन्दा छिटो
big (ठूलो)	bigger (भन्दा ठूलो)	biggest (सबैभन्दा ठूलो)	ठूलो → भन्दा ठूलो → सबैभन्दा ठूलो

Example Sentences:

Degree	English	Nepali
Positive	Ram is tall.	राम अग्लो छ।
Comparative	Shyam is taller than Ram.	श्याम राम भन्दा अग्लो छ।
Superlative	Hari is the tallest of all.	हरि सबै भन्दा अग्लो छ।

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2. Two-Syllable Adjectives (Usually use "more" / "most")

Positive	Comparative	Superlative	Nepali
honest (इमान्दार)	more honest (भन्दा इमान्दार)	most honest (सबैभन्दा इमान्दार)	इमान्दार → भन्दा इमान्दार → सबैभन्दा इमान्दार
peaceful (शान्त)	more peaceful (भन्दा शान्त)	most peaceful (सबैभन्दा शान्त)	शान्त → भन्दा शान्त → सबैभन्दा शान्त

Note: Some two-syllable adjectives use -er/-est (e.g., happy, simple, narrow).

Positive	Comparative	Superlative	Nepali
happy (खुशी)	happier (भन्दा खुशी)	happiest (सबैभन्दा खुशी)	खुशी → भन्दा खुशी → सबैभन्दा खुशी
simple (सरल)	simpler (भन्दा सरल)	simplest (सबैभन्दा सरल)	सरल → भन्दा सरल → सबैभन्दा सरल

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3. Three or More Syllable Adjectives (Use "more" / "most")

Positive	Comparative	Superlative	Nepali
beautiful (सुन्दर)	more beautiful (भन्दा सुन्दर)	most beautiful (सबैभन्दा सुन्दर)	सुन्दर → भन्दा सुन्दर → सबैभन्दा सुन्दर
expensive (महँगो)	more expensive (भन्दा महँगो)	most expensive (सबैभन्दा महँगो)	महँगो → भन्दा महँगो → सबैभन्दा महँगो
intelligent (बुद्धिमान्)	more intelligent (भन्दा बुद्धिमान्)	most intelligent (सबैभन्दा बुद्धिमान्)	बुद्धिमान् → भन्दा बुद्धिमान् → सबैभन्दा बुद्धिमान्

Example Sentences:

Degree	English	Nepali
Positive	This dress is beautiful.	यो पोशाक सुन्दर छ।
Comparative	That dress is more beautiful than this.	त्यो पोशाक यो भन्दा सुन्दर छ।
Superlative	This is the most beautiful dress in the shop.	यो पसलको सबैभन्दा सुन्दर पोशाक हो।

4. Irregular Adjectives (Special forms – must memorize)

Positive	Comparative	Superlative	Nepali
good (राम्रो)	better (भन्दा राम्रो)	best (सबैभन्दा राम्रो)	राम्रो → भन्दा राम्रो → सबैभन्दा राम्रो
bad (नराम्रो)	worse (भन्दा नराम्रो)	worst (सबैभन्दा नराम्रो)	नराम्रो → भन्दा नराम्रो → सबैभन्दा नराम्रो
many/much (धेरै)	more (भन्दा धेरै)	most (सबैभन्दा धेरै)	धेरै → भन्दा धेरै → सबैभन्दा धेरै
little (सानो/थोरै)	less (भन्दा थोरै)	least (सबैभन्दा थोरै)	सानो → भन्दा सानो → सबैभन्दा सानो
far (टाढा)	farther/further (भन्दा टाढा)	farthest/furthest (सबैभन्दा टाढा)	टाढा → भन्दा टाढा → सबैभन्दा टाढा

Example Sentences:

Degree	English	Nepali
Positive	Your cooking is good.	तिम्रो पाककला राम्रो छ।
Comparative	Her cooking is better than yours.	उनको पाककला तिम्रो भन्दा राम्रो छ।
Superlative	My mother's cooking is the best.	मेरी आमाको पाककला सबैभन्दा राम्रो छ।

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5. Sentence Patterns for Comparisons

Pattern	English Formula	Nepali Formula	Example (English)	Example (Nepali)
Equal Comparison	as + positive + as	जत्तिकै + positive + त्यत्तिकै	She is as tall as her brother.	ऊ आफ्नो भाइ जत्तिकै अग्लो छ।
Negative Equal	not as/so + positive + as	जत्तिको + negative + हैन	This book is not as interesting as that one.	यो किताब त्यो जत्तिको रोचक छैन।
Comparative	comparative + than	comparative + भन्दा	Iron is harder than wood.	फलाम काठ भन्दा कडा हुन्छ।
Superlative	the + superlative + of/in	सबैभन्दा + superlative	Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world.	सगरमाथा विश्वको सबैभन्दा अग्लो हिमाल हो।

25 practice questions on English adjectives and degrees of comparison, each with 4 options, the correct answer, and a reason (explanation in English + Nepali).

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Section A: Identifying Adjectives (Questions 1–5)

Q1. Which word is an adjective in the sentence?
The old man walked slowly.

A) man
B) walked
C) old
D) slowly

Answer: C) old
Reason (English): "Old" describes the noun "man" (shows quality).
Reason (Nepali): "Old" ले "man" संज्ञाको विशेषता बताउँछ (गुण देखाउँछ)।

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Q2. Find the adjective: She has three apples.

A) She
B) has
C) three
D) apples

Answer: C) three
Reason (English): "Three" is an adjective of number (counts how many apples).
Reason (Nepali): "Three" संख्यावाचक विशेषण हो (कति स्याउ भनेर गणना गर्छ)।

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Q3. Identify the demonstrative adjective: Those shoes are expensive.

A) Those
B) shoes
C) are
D) expensive

Answer: A) Those
Reason (English): "Those" points to which shoes (demonstrative adjective).
Reason (Nepali): "Those" ले कुन जुत्ता भनेर इङित गर्छ (संकेतवाचक विशेषण)।

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Q4. Which is a possessive adjective? Is this your pen?

A) Is
B) this
C) your
D) pen

Answer: C) your
Reason (English): "Your" shows ownership (possessive adjective).
Reason (Nepali): "Your" ले स्वामित्व देखाउँछ (अधिकारवाचक विशेषण)।

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Q5. Pick the adjective of quantity: I need some milk.

A) I
B) need
C) some
D) milk

Answer: C) some
Reason (English): "Some" shows an indefinite quantity of an uncountable noun (milk).
Reason (Nepali): "Some" ले अपरिमेय वस्तु (दूध) को अनिश्चित मात्रा बताउँछ।

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Section B: Degrees of Comparison (Questions 6–15)

Q6. Choose the correct comparative form: This road is ______ than the highway.

A) narrow
B) more narrow
C) narrower
D) most narrow

Answer: C) narrower
Reason (English): One-syllable adjective "narrow" adds "-er" for comparative.
Reason (Nepali): एक अक्षर भएको "narrow" तुलनात्मकमा "-er" ले जोडिन्छ।

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Q7. Fill in the blank: She is the ______ student in the class.

A) intelligent
B) more intelligent
C) most intelligent
D) intelligenter

Answer: C) most intelligent
Reason (English): Three-syllable adjectives use "most" for superlative.
Reason (Nepali): तीन अक्षर भएको विशेषणको उत्कृष्टतामा "most" प्रयोग हुन्छ।

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Q8. Correct the sentence: He is more taller than his brother.

A) He is taller than his brother.
B) He is more tall than his brother.
C) He is tallest than his brother.
D) He is more taller to his brother.

Answer: A) He is taller than his brother.
Reason (English): "More taller" is double comparative. Use only "taller" (one-syllable).
Reason (Nepali): "More taller" गलत छ। एक अक्षरको लागि "taller" मात्र प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ।

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Q9. Which is correct? Of all the students, Ravi works ______.

A) hard
B) harder
C) more hard
D) hardest

Answer: D) hardest
Reason (English): "Of all" indicates superlative degree.
Reason (Nepali): "Of all" ले उत्कृष्टता (superlative) देखाउँछ।

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Q10. Choose the correct option: This problem is ______ than the previous one.

A) bad
B) worse
C) worst
D) more bad

Answer: B) worse
Reason (English): "Bad" is irregular → comparative = worse.
Reason (Nepali): "Bad" अनियमित छ → तुलनात्मक = worse।

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Q11. Fill in: My house is ______ from the city than yours.

A) far
B) farther
C) farthest
D) more far

Answer: B) farther
Reason (English): "Far" → comparative "farther" (physical distance).
Reason (Nepali): "Far" को तुलनात्मक "farther" (भौतिक दूरीको लागि)।

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Q12. Which sentence is correct?

A) She is the more beautiful girl in the room.
B) She is the most beautiful girl in the room.
C) She is the beautifullest girl in the room.
D) She is more beautiful girl in the room.

Answer: B) She is the most beautiful girl in the room.
Reason (English): "Most beautiful" is correct superlative for 3+ syllable adjectives.
Reason (Nepali): तीन वा सोभन्दा बढी अक्षरको विशेषणको उत्कृष्टता "most beautiful" हुन्छ।

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Q13. Complete the comparison: Gold is ______ than silver.

A) more expensive
B) expensiver
C) most expensive
D) as expensive

Answer: A) more expensive
Reason (English): Three-syllable adjective "expensive" uses "more" for comparative.
Reason (Nepali): तीन अक्षरको "expensive" को तुलनात्मकमा "more" प्रयोग हुन्छ।

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Q14. This is the ______ movie I have ever seen.

A) good
B) better
C) best
D) more good

Answer: C) best
Reason (English): "Ever seen" shows superlative, and "good" becomes "best".
Reason (Nepali): "Ever seen" ले उत्कृष्टता देखाउँछ, "good" को superlative "best" हुन्छ।

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Q15. The weather today is ______ as yesterday.

A) more hot
B) hotter
C) as hot
D) hottest

Answer: C) as hot
Reason (English): Equal comparison uses "as + positive + as".
Reason (Nepali):) बराबरी तुलनाका लागि "as + positive + as" प्रयोग हुन्छ।

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Section C: Types of Adjectives (Questions 16–20)

Q16. Identify the adjective type: Whose bag is this?

A) Demonstrative
B) Possessive
C) Interrogative
D) Distributive

Answer: C) Interrogative
Reason (English): "Whose" asks a question about the noun "bag".
Reason (Nepali): "Whose" ले संज्ञाको बारेमा प्रश्न सोध्छ।

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Q17. Every student must submit homework. – What type is "Every"?

A) Demonstrative
B) Adjective of number
C) Distributive adjective
D) Possessive adjective

Answer: C) Distributive adjective
Reason (English): "Every" refers to each individual member of a group.
Reason (Nepali): "Every" ले समूहको प्रत्येक सदस्यलाई जनाउँछ।

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Q18. I want this book, not that one. – "This" and "that" are:

A) Interrogative adjectives
B) Demonstrative adjectives
C) Quantitative adjectives
D) Possessive adjectives

Answer: B) Demonstrative adjectives
Reason (English): They point to specific nouns.
Reason (Nepali): यिनले विशेष संज्ञालाई इङित गर्छन्।

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Q19. There is little water left. – "Little" is an adjective of:

A) Number
B) Quality
C) Quantity
D) Interrogative

Answer: C) Quantity
Reason (English): "Little" shows how much (uncountable noun "water").
Reason (Nepali): "Little" ले मात्रा (अपरिमेय) बताउँछ।

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Q20. Indian tea is famous. – "Indian" is:

A) Adjective of quality (origin)
B) Adjective of number
C) Demonstrative
D) Possessive

Answer: A) Adjective of quality (origin)
Reason (English): It tells the origin of the noun "tea".
Reason (Nepali): यसले संज्ञाको उत्पत्ति स्थान बताउँछ।

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Section D: Error Identification (Questions 21–25)

Q21. Find the error: She is the more smarter girl in the class.

A) She
B) is
C) more smarter
D) class

Answer: C) more smarter
Reason (English): Double comparison error. Use only "smarter" or "more smart" (but "smarter" is correct for one-syllable).
Reason (Nepali): दुई पटक तुलनात्मक प्रयोग गलत छ। "smarter" मात्र प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ।

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Q22. Find the error: This is the most fastest car.

A) This
B) most fastest
C) car
D) No error

Answer: B) most fastest
Reason (English): Double superlative. Use only "fastest" (one-syllable).
Reason (Nepali): दुई पटक उत्कृष्टता गलत छ। एक अक्षरको लागि "fastest" मात्र प्रयोग हुन्छ।

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Q23. Error: He has any money to spend.

A) He
B) has
C) any
D) spend

Answer: C) any
Reason (English): "Any" is usually used in negatives/questions. In positive sentences, use "some" for quantity.
Reason (Nepali): सकारात्मक वाक्यमा "some" प्रयोग हुन्छ, "any" सामान्यतया नकारात्मक वा प्रश्नमा।

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Q24. Error: My sister is more young than me.

A) My sister
B) more young
C) than
D) me

Answer: B) more young
Reason (English): One-syllable "young" → "younger" (not "more young").
Reason (Nepali): एक अक्षरको "young" ले "more young" हुँदैन, "younger" हुन्छ।

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Q25. Error: This is a pretty, small, old, French, wooden house. (Order of adjectives is wrong)

A) pretty, small
B) small, old
C) old, French
D) wooden house

Answer: A) pretty, small

 25 examples of adjectives in English and Nepali sentences. Each sentence shows an adjective describing a noun (or pronoun), covering different types (quality, quantity, number, demonstrative, possessive, etc.).

#	English Sentence	Nepali Sentence	Adjective & Type
1	She is a beautiful girl.	उनी सुन्दर केटी हुन्।	beautiful / Quality
2	I have red shoes.	मसँग रातो जुत्ता छ।	red / Quality (color)
3	He is tall and strong.	ऊ अग्लो र बलियो छ।	tall, strong / Quality
4	This soup is hot.	यो सुप तातो छ।	hot / Quality
5	They live in a big house.	उनीहरू ठूलो घरमा बस्छन्।	big / Quality (size)
6	I need some water.	मलाई केही पानी चाहियो।	some / Quantity
7	There is no sugar left.	कुनै चिनी बाँकी छैन।	no / Quantity
8	She drank a little milk.	उनले अलिकति दूध पिइन्।	a little / Quantity
9	He has many friends.	उसका धेरै साथी छन्।	many / Number
10	I saw three birds.	मैले तीन वटा चरा देखेँ।	three / Number
11	All students passed the exam.	सबै विद्यार्थी परीक्षामा उत्तीर्ण भए।	all / Number
12	This book is mine.	यो किताब मेरो हो।	this / Demonstrative
13	Those mangoes are sweet.	ती आँप मीठा छन्।	those / Demonstrative
14	That car is very fast.	त्यो गाडी धेरै तीव्र छ।	that / Demonstrative
15	These apples are fresh.	यी स्याउ ताजा छन्।	these / Demonstrative
16	This is my phone.	यो मेरो फोन हो।	my / Possessive
17	Is that your bag?	त्यो तिम्रो झोला हो?	your / Possessive
18	His mother is a doctor.	उसकी आमा डाक्टर हुन्।	his / Possessive
19	I love her smile.	मलाई उनको मुस्कान मन पर्छ।	her / Possessive
20	Which color do you like?	तिमीलाई कुन रङ मन पर्छ?	which / Interrogative
21	Whose pen is this?	यो कसको कलम हो?	whose / Interrogative
22	Every child needs love.	हरेक बच्चालाई माया चाहिन्छ।	every / Distributive
23	Neither answer is correct.	दुवै जवाफ गलत छन्।	neither / Distributive
24	She wore a woolen sweater.	उनले ऊनी स्वेटर लगाइन्।	woolen / Quality (material)
25	It was a wonderful day.	त्यो अद्भुत दिन थियो।	wonderful / Quality

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Bonus: Adjectives in Different Positions

Position	English Example	Nepali Example
Before noun (Attributive)	She bought a new dress.	उनले नयाँ पोशाक किनिन्।
After verb (Predicative)	The dress is new.	पोशाक नयाँ छ।
After noun (Post-positive – rare)	There once was a king wise.	एक पटक बुद्धिमान् राजा थिए।

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Common Adjective-Noun Pairs (English + Nepali)

English	Nepali
hot tea	तातो चिया
cold water	चिसो पानी
sweet mango	मीठो आँप
sour lemon	अमिलो कागती
hard work	कडा परिश्रम
soft pillow	नरम सिरानी
fast train	छिटो रेल
slow turtle	ढिलो कछुवा
bright sun	उज्यालो सूर्य
dark night	अँध्यारो रात