Day 10 Complete Guide to "Have," "Has," and "Had" in English

Day 10 Complete Guide to "Have," "Has," and "Had" in English

1. HAVE / HAS - Present Tense (वर्तमान काल)

A. Possession (स्वामित्व / छ / हो)

Used to show that someone owns or possesses something.

I / You / We / They	Have	I have a car.	मसँग एउटा गाडी छ।
He / She / It	Has	She has a beautiful house.	उनको एउटा सुन्दर घर छ।

More Examples:

• English: We have two children.
• Nepali: हाम्रा दुई सन्तान छन्।
• English: He has a new phone.
• Nepali: उनको नयाँ फोन छ।
• English: They have a big garden.
• Nepali: उनीहरूको ठूलो बगैंचा छ।

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B. Relationships (सम्बन्ध / छ)

Used to talk about relationships with people.

I / You / We / They	Have	I have a brother.	मेरो एउटा भाइ छ।
He / She / It	Has	She has two sisters.	उनका दुई बहिनीहरू छन्।

More Examples:

• English: They have many friends.
• Nepali: उनीहरूका धेरै साथीहरू छन्।
• English: He has a large family.
• Nepali: उनको ठूलो परिवार छ।

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C. Actions / Activities (क्रियाहरू / गर्नु)

Used with certain nouns to describe actions.

I / You / We / They	Have	I have breakfast at 8 AM.	म ८ बजे बिहानको खाना खान्छु।
He / She / It	Has	She has a shower every morning.	उनी हरेक बिहान नुहाउँछिन्।

More Examples:

• English: We have a meeting today.
• Nepali: हामीले आज बैठक गर्ने छौं।
• English: He has a cup of coffee every day.
• Nepali: उनी हरेक दिन एक कप कफी पिउँछन्।

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D. Experience (अनुभव / भएको छ)

Used to talk about experiences (often with "ever," "never," "before").

I / You / We / They	Have + V3	I have been to Japan.	म जापान गएको छु।
He / She / It	Has + V3	She has never eaten sushi.	उनले कहिल्यै सुशी खाएको छैन।

More Examples:

• English: They have seen that movie before.
• Nepali: उनीहरूले त्यो चलचित्र पहिले नै हेरेका छन्।
• English: He has worked in this company for 5 years.
• Nepali: उनले यस कम्पनीमा ५ वर्षदेखि काम गरिरहेका छन्।

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E. Present Perfect Tense (Present Perfect - पूर्ण वर्तमान काल)

Used to describe past actions with present relevance.

I / You / We / They	Have + V3	I have finished my homework.	मैले गृहकार्य सकेको छु।
He / She / It	Has + V3	She has left the office.	उनी कार्यालयबाट गइसकेकी छिन्।

More Examples:

• English: We have already eaten dinner.
• Nepali: हामीले खाना पहिले नै खाइसकेका छौं।
• English: He has just arrived.
• Nepali: उनी भर्खरै आइपुग्नुभएको छ।

2. HAD - Past Tense (भूतकाल)

A. Possession in the Past (भूतकालको स्वामित्व / थियो)

Used to show that someone owned or possessed something in the past.

All Subjects	Had	I had a car when I was young.	म जवान हुँदा मसँग एउटा गाडी थियो।
All Subjects	Had	She had a beautiful house.	उनको एउटा सुन्दर घर थियो।

More Examples:

• English: We had a dog when we lived in the village.
• Nepali: हामी गाउँमा बस्दा एउटा कुकुर थियो।
• English: He had a lot of money before.
• Nepali: पहिले उनसँग धेरै पैसा थियो।

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B. Past Perfect Tense (Past Perfect - पूर्ण भूतकाल)

Used to describe an action completed BEFORE another past action.

All Subjects	Had + V3	I had finished my work before he came.	उनी आउनु अघि मैले काम सकेको थिएँ।
All Subjects	Had + V3	She had left by the time I arrived.	म पुग्दा उनी गइसकेकी थिइन्।

More Examples:

• English: We had already eaten when they arrived.
• Nepali: उनीहरू आउँदा हामीले खाना पहिले नै खाइसकेका थियौं।
• English: He had never seen such a beautiful place before.
• Nepali: उनले यति सुन्दर ठाउँ पहिले कहिल्यै देखेका थिएनन्।

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C. Past Experience (भूतकालको अनुभव / थियो)

Used to talk about experiences or states in the past.

All Subjects	Had	I had a great time at the party.	मैले पार्टीमा धेरै रमाइलो गरें।
All Subjects	Had	They had a difficult childhood.	उनीहरूको बाल्यकाल कठिन थियो।

More Examples:

• English: She had a headache yesterday.
• Nepali: उनलाई हिजो टाउको दुख्यो थियो।
• English: We had a meeting with the manager.
• Nepali: हामीले व्यवस्थापकसँग बैठक गर्यौं।

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D. Past Obligation - Had to (भूतकालको अनिवार्यता / गर्नु पर्यो)

Used to express obligation in the past.

All Subjects	Had to + V	I had to work late yesterday.	मैले हिजो ढिलो सम्म काम गर्नु पर्यो।
All Subjects	Had to + V	She had to take a taxi.	उनले ट्याक्सी चढ्नु पर्यो।

More Examples:

• English: We had to cancel our trip.
• Nepali: हामीले यात्रा रद्द गर्नु पर्यो।
• English: He had to apologize for his mistake.
• Nepali: उनले आफ्नो गल्तीको लागि माफी माग्नु पर्यो।

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3. QUICK COMPARISON: HAVE vs HAS vs HAD

I	I have a car.	I had a car.	मसँग गाडी छ / थियो।
You	You have a car.	You had a car.	तपाईंसँग गाडी छ / थियो।
We	We have a car.	We had a car.	हामीसँग गाडी छ / थियो।
They	They have a car.	They had a car.	उनीहरूसँग गाडी छ / थियो।
He	He has a car.	He had a car.	उनको गाडी छ / थियो।
She	She has a car.	She had a car.	उनको गाडी छ / थियो।
It	It has a screen.	It had a screen.	यसको स्क्रिन छ / थियो।

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4. COMMON MISTAKES (नेपाली विद्यार्थीहरूले गर्ने गल्तीहरू)

Mistake ❌Correction ✅Explanation
I has a car.	I have a car.	Use "have" with "I"
She have a car.	She has a car.	Use "has" with "she"
They has a car.	They have a car.	Use "have" with "they"
I had went to school.	I had gone to school.	Past Perfect = Had + V3
She have gone.	She has gone.	Use "has" with "she"
We has arrived.	We have arrived.	Use "have" with "we"
I have a problem yesterday.	I had a problem yesterday.	Use "had" for past
He has a meeting tomorrow.	He has a meeting tomorrow. (Correct)	Use "has" for present/future

Golden Rules:

Rule Example
I/You/We/They → Have	✅ I have a book. / They have arrived.
He/She/It → Has	✅ She has a book. / He has arrived.
Past (All subjects) → Had	✅ I had a book. / She had arrived.
Have/Has + V3 = Present Perfect	✅ I have finished. / She has gone.
Had + V3 = Past Perfect	✅ I had finished. / She had gone.

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5. HAVE vs HAS: DETAILED COMPARISON

I	✅ Have	❌ No	I have a pen.	मसँग कलम छ।
You	✅ Have	❌ No	You have a pen.	तपाईंसँग कलम छ।
We	✅ Have	❌ No	We have a pen.	हामीसँग कलम छ।
They	✅ Have	❌ No	They have a pen.	उनीहरूसँग कलम छ।
He	❌ No	✅ Has	He has a pen.	उनको कलम छ।
She	❌ No	✅ Has	She has a pen.	उनको कलम छ।
It	❌ No	✅ Has	It has a screen.	यसको स्क्रिन छ।

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6. HAVE / HAS / HAD AS HELPING VERBS

A. Present Perfect Tense (Have/Has + V3)

I/You/We/They	Have + V3	We have eaten.	हामीले खाएका छौं।
He/She/It	Has + V3	She has eaten.	उनले खाएकी छिन्।

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B. Past Perfect Tense (Had + V3)

All Subjects	Had + V3	I had eaten before he came.	उनी आउनु अघि मैले खाइसकेको थिएँ।
All Subjects	Had + V3	She had gone by then.	उनी तब सम्म गइसकेकी थिइन्।

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C. Present Perfect Continuous (Have/Has + Been + V+ing)

I/You/We/They	Have been + V+ing	We have been waiting for hours.	हामी घण्टौंदेखि पर्खिरहेका छौं।
He/She/It	Has been + V+ing	She has been studying all day.	उनी दिनभर पढिरहेकी छिन्।

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D. Past Perfect Continuous (Had + Been + V+ing)

All Subjects	Had been + V+ing	I had been working for 5 hours when he called.	उनले फोन गर्दा म ५ घण्टा काम गरिरहेको थिएँ।

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7. ADVANCED STRUCTURES WITH HAVE / HAS / HAD

A. Have/Has/Had + Got (Possession - Informal)

Have got + Noun	I have got a new car.	मसँग नयाँ गाडी छ।
Has got + Noun	She has got a beautiful voice.	उनको सुन्दर स्वर छ।
Had got + Noun	I had got a letter yesterday.	मलाई हिजो एउटा पत्र आएको थियो।

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B. Have/Has/Had + To + Verb (Obligation)

Have to + V	I have to go now.	म अहिले जानु पर्छ।
Has to + V	She has to study.	उनले पढ्नु पर्छ।
Had to + V	I had to go yesterday.	म हिजो जानु पर्यो।

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C. Have + Object + V3 (Causative - गराउनु)

Have + Object + V3	I have my car washed.	म आफ्नो गाडी धुँउ।
Has + Object + V3	She has her hair cut every month.	उनी हरेक महिना कपाल काट्छिन्।
Had + Object + V3	I had my phone repaired.	मैले फोन मर्मत गराएँ।

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D. Have/Has/Had + Something + Done (Passive Causative)

Have + Object + V3	I have my house painted every year.	म हरेक वर्ष घर रङ गराउँछु।
Had + Object + V3	He had his car fixed yesterday.	उनले हिजो गाडी मर्मत गराए।

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8. TIPS FOR IELTS USING HAVE, HAS, HAD

Tip Example
Writing Task 2: Use "have/has" for present perfect	Many people have benefited from education.
Writing Task 2: Use "had" for past perfect	Before industrialization, people had lived differently.
Writing Task 1: Use "have/has" to describe trends	The number has increased significantly.
Speaking Part 2: Use "have/has" for experiences	I have visited many countries.
Speaking Part 3: Use "had" for past experiences	I had a similar experience.
Avoid confusion: Use the correct form based on the subject	She has (not "have") / They have (not "has")

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9. EXAMPLES IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS

A. IELTS Writing Task 2 (Essay)

English:

Education has played a crucial role in society. Many countries have invested heavily in their education systems. In the past, people had limited access to education. However, technology has changed this situation dramatically. Students now have access to vast resources online. Governments have realized the importance of lifelong learning. I have always believed that education is the key to success. In the future, we will have even more opportunities.

Nepali:

शिक्षाले समाजमा महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाएको छ। धेरै देशहरूले आफ्नो शिक्षा प्रणालीमा ठूलो लगानी गरेका छन्। विगतमा, मानिसहरूको शिक्षामा सीमित पहुँच थियो। यद्यपि, प्रविधिले यो अवस्थालाई नाटकीय रूपमा परिवर्तन गरेको छ। विद्यार्थीहरूसँग अहिले अनलाइनमा विशाल संसाधनहरू छन्। सरकारहरूले आजीवन सिकाइको महत्व महसुस गरेका छन्। म सधैं विश्वास गर्छु कि शिक्षा सफलताको कुञ्जी हो। भविष्यमा, हामीसँग अझै धेरै अवसरहरू हुनेछन्।

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B. IELTS Speaking Part 2 (Cue Card)

English:

I would like to talk about a memorable trip that I have ever taken. I have been to many places, but the most memorable trip was to the mountains. I had always wanted to see the Himalayas. Last year, I had the opportunity to go there. I had planned this trip for months. When I arrived, I had never seen such beautiful scenery. The experience has changed my perspective on life. I have learned that nature is the best healer. I have also made some wonderful friends during that trip. Now, I have a deep appreciation for our natural world.

Nepali:

म आफूले गरेको यादगार यात्राको बारेमा कुरा गर्न चाहन्छु। म धेरै ठाउँहरू गएको छु, तर सबैभन्दा यादगार यात्रा पहाडको यात्रा थियो। म सधैं हिमालय हेर्न चाहन्थें। गत वर्ष, मलाई त्यहाँ जाने अवसर मिल्यो। मैले महिनौंसम्म यो यात्राको योजना बनाएको थिएँ। म पुग्दा, मैले यति सुन्दर दृश्य कहिल्यै देखेको थिएन। यस अनुभवले मेरो जीवनको दृष्टिकोण परिवर्तन गरेको छ। मैले सिकेको छु कि प्रकृति सबैभन्दा राम्रो निको पार्ने हो। मैले त्यो यात्रामा केही राम्रा साथीहरू पनि बनाएको छु। अहिले, मलाई हाम्रो प्राकृतिक संसारको गहिरो कदर छ।

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C. Everyday Conversations (दैनिक कुराकानी)

English:

A: Do you have any siblings?
B: Yes, I have two brothers. Do you have any?
A: Yes, I have one sister.
B: Has she visited you recently?
A: No, she has been busy with her work.
B: I had a sister too, but she moved abroad.
A: Oh, that must be difficult. Have you visited her?
B: Yes, I have visited her twice.
A: Have you ever lived abroad?
B: No, I have never lived abroad. But I have always wanted to.

Nepali:

A: के तपाईंको कोही दाजुभाइ वा दिदीबहिनी छ?
B: हो, मेरा दुई भाइ छन्। तपाईंको छ?
A: हो, मेरो एउटी बहिनी छ।
B: के उनीले हालै तपाईंलाई भेट्न आएकी छिन्?
A: होइन, उनी आफ्नो काममा व्यस्त भएकी छिन्।
B: मेरो पनि एउटी बहिनी थिइन्, तर उनी विदेश गइन्।
A: ओहो, त्यो गाह्रो भएको होला। के तपाईंले उनलाई भेट्न गएको?
B: हो, मैले उनलाई दुई पटक भेटेको छु।
A: के तपाईं कहिल्यै विदेश बस्नुभएको छ?
B: होइन, म कहिल्यै विदेश बसेको छैन। तर म सधैं चाहन्थें।

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D. Formal Writing (औपचारिक लेखन)

English:

The company has announced its new policy. All employees have received the notification. The management has decided to implement the changes from next month. Staff members have been informed about the training schedule. We have also provided a detailed guide. Previous employees had faced similar challenges. The company has always valued its employees' feedback. We have made significant improvements.

Nepali:

कम्पनीले आफ्नो नयाँ नीति घोषणा गरेको छ। सबै कर्मचारीहरूले सूचना प्राप्त गरेका छन्। व्यवस्थापनले अर्को महिनादेखि परिवर्तनहरू लागू गर्न निर्णय गरेको छ। कर्मचारीहरूलाई तालिमको तालिकाको बारेमा जानकारी गराइएको छ। हामीले एउटा विस्तृत गाइड पनि प्रदान गरेका छौं। अघिल्ला कर्मचारीहरूले समान चुनौतीहरू सामना गरेका थिए। कम्पनीले सधैं आफ्ना कर्मचारीहरूको प्रतिक्रियालाई मूल्य दिएको छ। हामीले उल्लेखनीय सुधारहरू गरेका छौं।

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10. PRACTICE EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with Have or Has

I ______ a beautiful car.	मसँग एउटा सुन्दर गाडी छ।
She ______ two brothers.	उनका दुई भाइ छन्।
We ______ many friends.	हाम्रा धेरै साथी छन्।
He ______ a new phone.	उनको नयाँ फोन छ।
They ______ a big house.	उनीहरूको ठूलो घर छ।
It ______ a beautiful color.	यसको सुन्दर रङ छ।

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Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with Have, Has, or Had

I ______ a problem yesterday.	मलाई हिजो समस्या थियो।
She ______ a new car now.	उनको अहिले नयाँ गाडी छ।
We ______ dinner when they arrived.	उनीहरू आउँदा हामीले खाना खाइसकेका थियौं।
He ______ never been to Japan.	उनी कहिल्यै जापान गएका छैनन्।
I ______ already finished my homework.	मैले गृहकार्य पहिले नै सकेको छु।
They ______ a meeting yesterday.	उनीहरूले हिजो बैठक गरे।

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Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with Have/Has + V3 (Present Perfect)

I ______ (visit) many countries.	म धेरै देशहरू गएको छु।
She ______ (never/see) such a beautiful place.	उनले यति सुन्दर ठाउँ कहिल्यै देखेकी छैनन्।
We ______ (already/eat) dinner.	हामीले खाना पहिले नै खाइसकेका छौं।
He ______ (just/arrive).	उनी भर्खरै आइपुग्नुभएको छ।
They ______ (live) here for 10 years.	उनीहरू यहाँ १० वर्षदेखि बस्दै आएका छन्।

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Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks with Had + V3 (Past Perfect)

I ______ (finish) my work before he came.	उनी आउनु अघि मैले काम सकेको थिएँ।
She ______ (leave) by the time I arrived.	म पुग्दा उनी गइसकेकी थिइन्।
We ______ (never/see) such a view.	हामीले यस्तो दृश्य कहिल्यै देखेका थिएनौं।
He ______ (already/eat) before we came.	हामी आउनु अघि उनले खाना खाइसकेका थिए।

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Exercise 5: Choose the correct answer

"She ______ a beautiful voice."	a) have b) has	उनको सुन्दर स्वर छ।
"I ______ never been to London."	a) have b) has	म कहिल्यै लन्डन गएको छैन।
"We ______ dinner at 8 PM yesterday."	a) have b) had	हामीले हिजो ८ बजे खाना खायौं।
"He ______ already left when I arrived."	a) have b) had	म पुग्दा उनी पहिले नै गइसकेका थिए।
"They ______ many problems last year."	a) have b) had	उनीहरूलाई गत वर्ष धेरै समस्याहरू थिए।
"It ______ a beautiful garden."	a) have b) has	यसको सुन्दर बगैंचा छ।

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Answers (Check Yourself):

Exercise 1:

1.      have

2.      has

3.      have

4.      has

5.      have

6.      has

Exercise 2:

1.      had

2.      has

3.      had

4.      has

5.      have

6.      had

Exercise 3:

1.      have visited

2.      has never seen

3.      have already eaten

4.      has just arrived

5.      have lived

Exercise 4:

1.      had finished

2.      had left

3.      had never seen

4.      had already eaten

Exercise 5:

1.      b) has

2.      a) have

3.      b) had

4.      b) had

5.      b) had

6.      b) has

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11. SUMMARY TABLE: HAVE / HAS / HAD

Present (Possession)	I/You/We/They	Have	I have a car.	मसँग गाडी छ।
Present (Possession)	He/She/It	Has	She has a car.	उनको गाडी छ।
Past (Possession)	All Subjects	Had	I had a car.	मसँग गाडी थियो।
Present Perfect	I/You/We/They	Have + V3	I have gone.	म गएको छु।
Present Perfect	He/She/It	Has + V3	She has gone.	उनी गएकी छिन्।
Past Perfect	All Subjects	Had + V3	I had gone.	म गएको थिएँ।

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12. QUICK TIPS FOR IELTS

Tip Example
Writing Task 2: Use "have/has" for present perfect	Many people have benefited.
Writing Task 2: Use "had" for past perfect	Before 2000, few had access.
Speaking Part 2: Use "have/has" for experiences	I have visited many places.
Speaking Part 3: Use "had" for past experiences	I had a similar experience.
All Tasks: Check subject-verb agreement	She has (not "have") / They have (not "has")
All Tasks: Use "have/has/had" as main verbs	I have a problem. (Possession)
All Tasks: Use "have/has/had" as helping verbs		I have finished. (Perfect tense)

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13. RAPID FIRE QUIZ

Fill in the blanks:

I ______ a new phone. (Present)
She ______ a big house. (Present)
We ______ a problem yesterday. (Past)
He ______ never been to India. (Present Perfect)
They ______ already left when I arrived. (Past Perfect)
You ______ a beautiful smile. (Present)

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Answers:

1.      have

2.      has

3.      had

4.      has

5.      had

6.      have

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14. FULL COMPARISON: HAVE / HAS / HAD - ALL USES

Possession (Present)	I have	She has	-	छ
Possession (Past)	-	-	I had	थियो
Action (Present)	We have breakfast	He has breakfast	-	गर्नु
Action (Past)	-	-	We had breakfast	गर्यो
Present Perfect	I have gone	She has gone	-	गएको छु / छिन्
Past Perfect	-	-	I had gone	गएको थिएँ
Obligation (Present)	I have to go	She has to go	-	गर्नु पर्छ
Obligation (Past)	-	-	I had to go	गर्नु पर्यो
Causative	I have it done	She has it done	I had it done	गराउनु

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15. COMMON COLLOCATIONS WITH HAVE / HAS / HAD

Have breakfast/lunch/dinner	बिहानको/दिउँसोको/बेलुकीको खाना खानु
Have a shower/bath	नुहाउनु
Have a drink	पिउनु
Have a meeting	बैठक गर्नु
Have a holiday	बिदा मनाउनु
Have a problem	समस्या हुनु
Have a good time	रमाइलो गर्नु
Have an idea	विचार आउनु
Have a baby	बच्चा जन्माउनु
Have difficulty	कठिनाई हुनु