Present Perfect Continuous Tense: Complete Guide for Nepali Students

Present Perfect Continuous Tense: Complete Guide for Nepali Students

Introduction / परिचय

English: Present Perfect Continuous Tense shows an action that started in the past and is still continuing, OR an action that was recently happening and has just stopped. It emphasizes the duration and continuity of the action.

Nepali: Present Perfect Continuous Tense ले भूतकालमा सुरु भएर अहिलेसम्म जारी रहेको काम, वा भर्खरै सकिएको तर असर देखिने कामलाई देखाउँछ। यसले कामको अवधि र निरन्तरतालाई जोड दिन्छ।

Key Difference from Present Perfect:

• Present Perfect: काम भइसक्यो (result महत्त्वपूर्ण)
• Present Perfect Continuous: काम गर्दै छु (duration महत्त्वपूर्ण)

Structure / संरचना

Positive Sentence (सकारात्मक वाक्य)

text

Subject + have/has + been + V4 (Verb + ing) + Object

Subject	Helping Verb	Example
I, You, We, They	have been	I have been studying for two hours.
He, She, It, Ram	has been	She has been working since morning.

Nepali: कर्ता + have/has + been + क्रियाको चौथो रूप (V4 = verb + ing) + कर्म

Negative Sentence (नकारात्मक वाक्य)

text

Subject + have/has + not + been + V4 + Object

Example	Nepali Meaning
I have not been feeling well.	मलाई राम्रो लागेको छैन।
He has not been studying lately.	उसले हालै पढाइ गरिरहेको छैन।

Short forms: haven't been / hasn't been

Question Sentence (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)

text

Have/Has + Subject + been + V4 + Object ?

Example	Nepali Meaning
Have you been waiting long?	तिमी धेरै बेरदेखि पर्खिरहेको छौ?
Has she been working here?	उनी यहाँ काम गरिरहेकी छिन्?

V4 (Verb + ing) कसरी बनाउने?

Rule 1: Most Verbs — Just add -ing

V1	V4	Nepali
study	studying	पढ्दै
work	working	काम गर्दै
play	playing	खेल्दै
read	reading	पढ्दै
write	writing	लेख्दै
speak	speaking	बोल्दै
eat	eating	खाँदै
go	going	जाँदै

Rule 2: Verbs ending in -e — Drop e, add -ing

V1	V4	Nepali
write	writing	लेख्दै
take	taking	लिँदै
make	making	बनाउँदै
come	coming	आउँदै
give	giving	दिँदै
drive	driving	चलाउँदै

Rule 3: Short verbs (CVC) — Double the last consonant

V1	V4	Nepali
run	running	दौडँदै
sit	sitting	बस्दै
swim	swimming	पौडी खेल्दै
get	getting	पाउँदै
put	putting	राख्दै
stop	stopping	रोक्दै

Rule 4: Verbs ending in -ie — Change to -ying

V1	V4	Nepali
lie	lying	झुटो बोल्दै
die	dying	मर्दै
tie	tying	बाँध्दै

Uses of Present Perfect Continuous / प्रयोगहरू

Use 1: Action Started in Past, Still Continuing

भूतकालमा सुरु भएर अहिलेसम्म जारी

यो सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण use हो। काम भूतकालमा सुरु भयो र अहिले पनि जारी छ।

Example	Nepali Meaning
I have been living in Kathmandu for five years.	म काठमाडौंमा पाँच वर्षदेखि बस्दै छु।
She has been working here since 2018.	उनी 2018 देखि यहाँ काम गर्दै छिन्।
They have been studying English for two hours.	उनीहरू दुई घण्टादेखि अंग्रेजी पढ्दै छन्।
He has been waiting for the bus since morning.	उ बिहानदेखि बसको प्रतीक्षा गर्दै छ।

Note: काम अहिले पनि जारी छ भन्ने कुरा स्पष्ट हुन्छ।

Use 2: Action Recently Stopped (with Visible Result)

भर्खरै सकिएको काम, तर असर देखिने

काम भर्खरै सकियो, तर त्यसको नतिजा अहिले देखिन्छ।

Example	Nepali Meaning
She has been crying.	उनी रोइरहेकी थिइन्। (आँखा रसिलो छ)
He has been running.	उ दौडिरहेको थियो। (सास फुलेको छ)
They have been working in the sun.	उनीहरू घाममा काम गर्दै थिए। (थकाइ लागेको छ)
I have been cleaning the house.	म घर सफा गर्दै थिएँ। (हात मैला छ)

Note: काम सकियो, तर असर अहिले पनि देखिन्छ।

Use 3: Repeated Actions Over a Period

केही समयदेखि दोहोरिँदै आएको काम

Example	Nepali Meaning
She has been calling me every day.	उनी हरेक दिन मलाई फोन गर्दै आएकी छिन्।
He has been visiting his grandmother regularly.	उ आफ्नी हजुरआमालाई नियमित भेट्न गइरहेको छ।
They have been arguing a lot lately.	उनीहरू हालै धेरै झगडा गर्दै आएका छन्।

Use 4: Emphasizing Duration (How Long)

कति समयदेखि भन्ने कुरामा जोड

Example	Nepali Meaning
How long have you been learning English?	तिमी कति समयदेखि अंग्रेजी सिक्दै छौ?
I have been teaching for ten years.	म दस वर्षदेखि पढाउँदै छु।
She has been playing the piano since childhood.	उनी बाल्यकालदेखि पियानो बजाउँदै छिन्।

Time Adverbs / समयसूचक शब्दहरू

Time Adverbs Used with Present Perfect Continuous

English	Nepali Meaning	Example
for	को लागि (अवधि)	I have been studying for three hours.
since	देखि (सुरु बिन्दु)	She has been working since morning.
all day	दिनभर	He has been working all day.
all morning	बिहानभर	She has been cooking all morning.
all week	हप्ताभर	They have been travelling all week.
lately	हालै / पछिल्लो समय	I have been feeling tired lately.
recently	भर्खरै / हालै	She has been learning French recently.
how long	कति समयदेखि	How long have you been waiting?
for a long time	धेरै समयदेखि	I have been waiting for a long time.
since morning	बिहानदेखि	He has been running since morning.
since 2018	2018 देखि	She has been teaching since 2018.
since childhood	बाल्यकालदेखि	He has been playing cricket since childhood.
for two hours	दुई घण्टादेखि	They have been studying for two hours.
for five years	पाँच वर्षदेखि	I have been living here for five years.

Time Adverbs NOT Used with Present Perfect Continuous

यी शब्दहरू Present Perfect Continuous सँग प्रयोग गरिँदैन:

Wrong	Right
I have been seeing him yesterday.	I saw him yesterday.
She has been going last week.	She went last week.
They have been arriving in 2020.	They arrived in 2020.

Rule: Specific past time (yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago) = Past Simple only

Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect	Present Perfect Continuous
I have written a letter.	I have been writing a letter.
काम सकियो	काम जारी छ वा भर्खरै सकियो
Result महत्त्वपूर्ण	Duration महत्त्वपूर्ण
She has cooked dinner.	She has been cooking dinner.
खाना तयार छ	पकाउने काम जारी छ
He has read the book.	He has been reading the book.
पुस्तक पढिसक्यो	पढ्ने काम जारी छ

Sample Sentences / नमूना वाक्यहरू

Daily Life (दैनिक जीवन)

English	Nepali Meaning
I have been cleaning the house all morning.	म बिहानभर घर सफा गर्दै छु।
She has been cooking since 6 AM.	उनी बिहान 6 बजेदेखि खाना पकाउँदै छिन्।
They have been playing outside for two hours.	उनीहरू दुई घण्टादेखि बाहिर खेल्दै छन्।
He has been watching TV all evening.	उ साँझभर टिभी हेर्दै छ।
I have been waiting for you since morning.	म बिहानदेखि तिम्रो प्रतीक्षा गर्दै छु।

Work/Study (काम/पढाइ)

English	Nepali Meaning
She has been working here for five years.	उनी यहाँ पाँच वर्षदेखि काम गर्दै छिन्।
I have been studying English since 2019.	म 2019 देखि अंग्रेजी पढ्दै छु।
They have been preparing for the exam all week.	उनीहरू हप्ताभर परीक्षाको तयारी गर्दै छन्।
He has been teaching at this school since 2015.	उ 2015 देखि यो स्कुलमा पढाउँदै छ।
We have been working on this project for three months.	हामी तीन महिनादेखि यो परियोजनामा काम गर्दै छौं।

Health/Feelings (स्वास्थ्य/भावना)

English	Nepali Meaning
I have been feeling tired lately.	मलाई हालै थकाइ लागिरहेको छ।
She has been having headaches recently.	उनलाई हालै टाउको दुखिरहेको छ।
He has been coughing all night.	उ रातभर खोक्दै छ।
They have been feeling stressed about the exam.	उनीहरू परीक्षाको बारेमा तनाव महसुस गर्दै छन्।
I have been trying to lose weight for months.	मैले महिनौंदेखि तौल घटाउने प्रयास गर्दै छु।

Recent Actions with Visible Result (भर्खरै सकिएको काम)

English	Nepali Meaning
She has been crying.	उनी रोइरहेकी थिइन्। (आँखा रसिलो छ)
He has been running.	उ दौडिरहेको थियो। (सास फुलेको छ)
They have been working in the sun.	उनीहरू घाममा काम गर्दै थिए। (थकाइ लागेको छ)
I have been cleaning the kitchen.	म भान्सा सफा गर्दै थिएँ। (हात मैला छ)
She has been painting.	उनी चित्र कोर्दै थिइन्। (रङ लागेको छ)

Common Mistakes / सामान्य गल्तीहरू

Wrong	Right	Reason
I have been study for two hours.	I have been studying for two hours.	V4 (verb + ing) चाहिन्छ
She has been work since morning.	She has been working since morning.	V4 चाहिन्छ
He have been waiting.	He has been waiting.	He/She/It = has
I has been living here.	I have been living here.	I/You/We/They = have
They have been went to school.	They have gone to school.	V3 चाहिन्छ (Present Perfect)
I have been seeing him yesterday.	I saw him yesterday.	Specific past time = Past Simple
She has been knowing him for years.	She has known him for years.	Stative verbs को continuous प्रयोग हुँदैन

Stative Verbs (Continuous मा प्रयोग नहुने क्रियापद)

यी verbs लाई -ing form मा प्रयोग गरिँदैन:

Stative Verb	Nepali	Wrong	Right
know	थाहा हुनु	I have been knowing	I have known
like	मन पराउनु	She has been liking	She has liked
want	चाहनु	He has been wanting	He has wanted
need	आवश्यक हुनु	I have been needing	I have needed
believe	विश्वास गर्नु	They have been believing	They have believed
understand	बुझ्नु	She has been understanding	She has understood
remember	सम्झनु	I have been remembering	I have remembered
belong	सम्बन्धित हुनु	He has been belonging	He has belonged

Quick Summary Table

Aspect	Rule
Structure	Subject + have/has + been + V4 + Object
Have been	I, You, We, They
Has been	He, She, It, singular nouns
Negative	have/has + not + been + V4
Question	Have/Has + subject + been + V4?
V4 formation	verb + ing
Use 1	Action started in past, still continuing
Use 2	Action recently stopped with visible result
Use 3	Repeated actions over a period
Use 4	Emphasizing duration (how long)
Time adverbs	for, since, all day, lately, recently, how long
NOT used with	yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020
Stative verbs	Do NOT use in continuous form

Practice Exercise

Fill in the blanks with correct Present Perfect Continuous form:

1.      I ________ (study) for three hours.

2.      She ________ (work) here since 2018.

3.      They ________ (play) football all morning.

4.      He ________ (not feel) well lately.

5.      ________ you ________ (wait) for a long time?

6.      We ________ (live) in Kathmandu for five years.

7.      She ________ (cry) — her eyes are red.

8.      He ________ (run) — he is out of breath.

9.      I ________ (try) to call you since morning.

10. They ________ (argue) a lot recently.

Answers:

1.      have been studying

2.      has been working

3.      have been playing

4.      has not been feeling

5.      Have / been waiting

6.      have been living

7.      has been crying

8.      has been running

9.      have been trying

10. have been arguing

Final Reminder for Nepali Students

1.      Have/Has + been कर्ता अनुसार प्रयोग गर्नुहोस् — I/You/We/They = have been, He/She/It = has been

2.      V4 (verb + ing) प्रयोग गर्नुहोस् — "I have been studying" not "I have been study"

3.      For = अवधि (duration), Since = सुरु बिन्दु (starting point)

4.      Stative verbs (know, like, want) लाई continuous मा प्रयोग नगर्नुहोस्

5.      Specific past time (yesterday, last week) सँग Present Perfect Continuous प्रयोग नगर्नुहोस्

6.      Present Perfect = काम सकियो (result), Present Perfect Continuous = काम जारी छ (duration)

7.      100 Present Perfect Continuous Tense Practice Questions

8.      Instructions

9.      Fill in the blanks with the correct Present Perfect Continuous form. Choose from the options given in brackets. Answers with short reasons are provided at the end.

10.

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11. Part 1: Questions 1–100

#Question
1	I _______ (have been studying / has been studying / have studying) for three hours.
2	She _______ (has been working / have been working / has working) here since 2018.
3	They _______ (have been playing / has been playing / have playing) football all morning.
4	He _______ (has not been feeling / have not been feeling / has not feeling) well lately.
5	_______ you _______ (Have / been waiting, Has / been waiting, Have / waiting) for a long time?
6	We _______ (have been living / has been living / have living) in Kathmandu for five years.
7	She _______ (has been crying / have been crying / has crying) — her eyes are red.
8	He _______ (has been running / have been running / has running) — he is out of breath.
9	I _______ (have been trying / has been trying / have trying) to call you since morning.
10	They _______ (have been arguing / has been arguing / have arguing) a lot recently.
11	She _______ (has been teaching / have been teaching / has teaching) at this school since 2015.
12	We _______ (have been working / has been working / have working) on this project for three months.
13	He _______ (has been waiting / have been waiting / has waiting) for the bus since morning.
14	I _______ (have been feeling / has been feeling / have feeling) tired lately.
15	They _______ (have been travelling / has been travelling / have travelling) all week.
16	She _______ (has been learning / have been learning / has learning) French recently.
17	_______ he _______ (Has / been working, Have / been working, Has / working) all day?
18	I _______ (have been cleaning / has been cleaning / have cleaning) the house all morning.
19	She _______ (has been cooking / have been cooking / has cooking) since 6 AM.
20	They _______ (have been playing / has been playing / have playing) outside for two hours.
21	He _______ (has been watching / have been watching / has watching) TV all evening.
22	I _______ (have been waiting / has been waiting / have waiting) for you since morning.
23	She _______ (has been preparing / have been preparing / has preparing) for the exam all week.
24	We _______ (have been studying / has been studying / have studying) English since 2019.
25	He _______ (has been having / have been having / has having) headaches recently.
26	I _______ (have been trying / has been trying / have trying) to lose weight for months.
27	They _______ (have been feeling / has been feeling / have feeling) stressed about the exam.
28	She _______ (has been painting / have been painting / has painting) — there is paint on her hands.
29	He _______ (has been coughing / have been coughing / has coughing) all night.
30	_______ she _______ (Has / been living, Have / been living, Has / living) here for long?
31	I _______ (have been reading / has been reading / have reading) this book since Monday.
32	They _______ (have been building / has been building / have building) a new house.
33	She _______ (has been singing / have been singing / has singing) for an hour.
34	He _______ (has been writing / have been writing / has writing) his report since morning.
35	We _______ (have been discussing / has been discussing / have discussing) this problem for days.
36	I _______ (have not been sleeping / has not been sleeping / have not sleeping) well recently.
37	She _______ (has been taking / have been taking / has taking) medicine for a week.
38	They _______ (have been looking / has been looking / have looking) for a new apartment.
39	He _______ (has been driving / have been driving / has driving) for six hours.
40	_______ you _______ (Have / been studying, Has / been studying, Have / studying) all night?
41	I _______ (have been thinking / has been thinking / have thinking) about this problem.
42	She _______ (has been practising / have been practising / has practising) the piano since childhood.
43	They _______ (have been running / has been running / have running) a business for ten years.
44	He _______ (has been swimming / have been swimming / has swimming) in the pool.
45	We _______ (have been planning / has been planning / have planning) a trip to Pokhara.
46	I _______ (have been writing / has been writing / have writing) emails all morning.
47	She _______ (has been helping / have been helping / has helping) her mother in the kitchen.
48	They _______ (have been waiting / has been waiting / have waiting) for the results since Friday.
49	He _______ (has been fixing / have been fixing / has fixing) his car all afternoon.
50	_______ he _______ (Has / been feeling, Have / been feeling, Has / feeling) better?
51	I _______ (have been learning / has been learning / have learning) Nepali for two years.
52	She _______ (has been doing / have been doing / has doing) yoga since 2020.
53	They _______ (have been living / has been living / have living) abroad for many years.
54	He _______ (has been searching / have been searching / has searching) for a job.
55	We _______ (have been watching / has been watching / have watching) this series for a week.
56	I _______ (have been feeling / has been feeling / have feeling) much better since yesterday.
57	She _______ (has been wearing / have been wearing / has wearing) glasses since childhood.
58	They _______ (have been working / has been working / have working) together for many years.
59	He _______ (has been taking / have been taking / has taking) care of his parents.
60	_______ you _______ (Have / been working, Has / been working, Have / working) here long?
61	I _______ (have been saving / has been saving / have saving) money for a new phone.
62	She _______ (has been teaching / have been teaching / has teaching) children for ten years.
63	They _______ (have been cleaning / has been cleaning / have cleaning) the beach all day.
64	He _______ (has been playing / have been playing / has playing) cricket since childhood.
65	We _______ (have been trying / has been trying / have trying) to solve this issue.
66	I _______ (have not been eating / has not been eating / have not eating) well lately.
67	She _______ (has been studying / have been studying / has studying) hard for her exams.
68	They _______ (have been arguing / has been arguing / have arguing) about money for years.
69	He _______ (has been growing / have been growing / has growing) vegetables in his garden.
70	_______ she _______ (Has / been practising, Have / been practising, Has / practising) for the competition?
71	I _______ (have been visiting / has been visiting / have visiting) my grandmother every week.
72	She _______ (has been writing / have been writing / has writing) a novel for two years.
73	They _______ (have been learning / has been learning / have learning) to dance recently.
74	He _______ (has been repairing / have been repairing / has repairing) the roof all day.
75	We _______ (have been thinking / has been thinking / have thinking) about moving house.
76	I _______ (have been drinking / has been drinking / have drinking) too much coffee lately.
77	She _______ (has been feeding / have been feeding / has feeding) the stray cats.
78	They _______ (have been collecting / has been collecting / have collecting) stamps since school.
79	He _______ (has been training / have been training / has training) for the marathon.
80	_______ they _______ (Have / been waiting, Has / been waiting, Have / waiting) since morning?
81	I _______ (have been practising / has been practising / have practising) my English every day.
82	She _______ (has been cleaning / have been cleaning / has cleaning) the windows all afternoon.
83	They _______ (have been discussing / has been discussing / have discussing) the new plan.
84	He _______ (has been avoiding / have been avoiding / has avoiding) me since yesterday.
85	We _______ (have been walking / has been walking / have walking) for three hours.
86	I _______ (have not been feeling / has not been feeling / have not feeling) myself lately.
87	She _______ (has been looking / have been looking / has looking) for her keys all morning.
88	They _______ (have been planning / has been planning / have planning) their wedding for months.
89	He _______ (has been sleeping / have been sleeping / has sleeping) poorly these days.
90	_______ you _______ (Have / been learning, Has / been learning, Have / learning) Japanese?
91	I _______ (have been working / has been working / have working) on my thesis since January.
92	She _______ (has been volunteering / have been volunteering / has volunteering) at the shelter.
93	They _______ (have been building / has been building / have building) a new school.
94	He _______ (has been reading / have been reading / has reading) newspapers since morning.
95	We _______ (have been enjoying / has been enjoying / have enjoying) our holiday.
96	I _______ (have been noticing / has been noticing / have noticing) some changes lately.
97	She _______ (has been taking / have been taking / has taking) piano lessons since May.
98	They _______ (have been making / has been making / have making) progress slowly.
99	He _______ (has been waiting / have been waiting / has waiting) for a promotion for years.
100	I _______ (have been using / has been using / have using) this app for six months.

12.

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13. Part 2: Answers with Short Reasons

#AnswerShort Reason
1	have been studying	I + have been + V4 (duration: for)
2	has been working	She + has been + V4 (since)
3	have been playing	They + have been + V4 (all morning)
4	has not been feeling	He + has + not + been + V4 (lately)
5	Have / been waiting	Question: Have + you + been + V4
6	have been living	We + have been + V4 (for)
7	has been crying	She + has been + V4 (visible result)
8	has been running	He + has been + V4 (visible result)
9	have been trying	I + have been + V4 (since)
10	have been arguing	They + have been + V4 (recently)
11	has been teaching	She + has been + V4 (since)
12	have been working	We + have been + V4 (for)
13	has been waiting	He + has been + V4 (since)
14	have been feeling	I + have been + V4 (lately)
15	have been travelling	They + have been + V4 (all week)
16	has been learning	She + has been + V4 (recently)
17	Has / been working	Question: Has + he + been + V4
18	have been cleaning	I + have been + V4 (all morning)
19	has been cooking	She + has been + V4 (since)
20	have been playing	They + have been + V4 (for)
21	has been watching	He + has been + V4 (all evening)
22	have been waiting	I + have been + V4 (since)
23	has been preparing	She + has been + V4 (all week)
24	have been studying	We + have been + V4 (since)
25	has been having	He + has been + V4 (recently)
26	have been trying	I + have been + V4 (for)
27	have been feeling	They + have been + V4
28	has been painting	She + has been + V4 (visible result)
29	has been coughing	He + has been + V4 (all night)
30	Has / been living	Question: Has + she + been + V4
31	have been reading	I + have been + V4 (since)
32	have been building	They + have been + V4
33	has been singing	She + has been + V4 (for)
34	has been writing	He + has been + V4 (since)
35	have been discussing	We + have been + V4 (for)
36	have not been sleeping	I + have + not + been + V4 (recently)
37	has been taking	She + has been + V4 (for)
38	have been looking	They + have been + V4
39	has been driving	He + has been + V4 (for)
40	Have / been studying	Question: Have + you + been + V4
41	have been thinking	I + have been + V4
42	has been practising	She + has been + V4 (since childhood)
43	have been running	They + have been + V4 (for)
44	has been swimming	He + has been + V4
45	have been planning	We + have been + V4
46	have been writing	I + have been + V4 (all morning)
47	has been helping	She + has been + V4
48	have been waiting	They + have been + V4 (since)
49	has been fixing	He + has been + V4 (all afternoon)
50	Has / been feeling	Question: Has + he + been + V4
51	have been learning	I + have been + V4 (for)
52	has been doing	She + has been + V4 (since)
53	have been living	They + have been + V4 (for)
54	has been searching	He + has been + V4
55	have been watching	We + have been + V4 (for)
56	have been feeling	I + have been + V4 (since)
57	has been wearing	She + has been + V4 (since childhood)
58	have been working	They + have been + V4 (for)
59	has been taking	He + has been + V4
60	Have / been working	Question: Have + you + been + V4
61	have been saving	I + have been + V4
62	has been teaching	She + has been + V4 (for)
63	have been cleaning	They + have been + V4 (all day)
64	has been playing	He + has been + V4 (since childhood)
65	have been trying	We + have been + V4
66	have not been eating	I + have + not + been + V4 (lately)
67	has been studying	She + has been + V4
68	have been arguing	They + have been + V4 (for)
69	has been growing	He + has been + V4
70	Has / been practising	Question: Has + she + been + V4
71	have been visiting	I + have been + V4
72	has been writing	She + has been + V4 (for)
73	have been learning	They + have been + V4 (recently)
74	has been repairing	He + has been + V4 (all day)
75	have been thinking	We + have been + V4
76	have been drinking	I + have been + V4 (lately)
77	has been feeding	She + has been + V4
78	have been collecting	They + have been + V4 (since school)
79	has been training	He + has been + V4
80	Have / been waiting	Question: Have + they + been + V4
81	have been practising	I + have been + V4
82	has been cleaning	She + has been + V4 (all afternoon)
83	have been discussing	They + have been + V4
84	has been avoiding	He + has been + V4 (since)
85	have been walking	We + have been + V4 (for)
86	have not been feeling	I + have + not + been + V4 (lately)
87	has been looking	She + has been + V4 (all morning)
88	have been planning	They + have been + V4 (for)
89	has been sleeping	He + has been + V4 (these days)
90	Have / been learning	Question: Have + you + been + V4
91	have been working	I + have been + V4 (since)
92	has been volunteering	She + has been + V4
93	have been building	They + have been + V4
94	has been reading	He + has been + V4 (since)
95	have been enjoying	We + have been + V4
96	have been noticing	I + have been + V4 (lately)
97	has been taking	She + has been + V4 (since)
98	have been making	They + have been + V4
99	has been waiting	He + has been + V4 (for)
100	have been using	I + have been + V4 (for)

14.

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15. Quick Reference: Key Rules

RuleExplanation
I/You/We/They	Use have been
He/She/It	Use has been
V4 required	Always use verb + ing
Negative	have/has + not + been + V4
Question	Have/Has + subject + been + V4?
For	Duration (for two years)
Since	Starting point (since 2018)
All day/morning/week	दिनभर / बिहानभर / हप्ताभर
Lately/Recently	हालै / पछिल्लो समय
Stative verbs	Do NOT use in continuous (know, like, want)

16.

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17. V4 Formation Rules (Quick Recap)

RuleV1V4
Add -ing	study	studying
Drop e + ing	write	writing
Double consonant	run	running
-ie → -ying	lie	lying

18.

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19. Common Stative Verbs (No Continuous Form)

VerbNepaliCorrect Form
know	थाहा हुनु	have known (NOT have been knowing)
like	मन पराउनु	have liked (NOT have been liking)
want	चाहनु	have wanted (NOT have been wanting)
need	आवश्यक हुनु	have needed (NOT have been needing)
believe	विश्वास गर्नु	have believed (NOT have been believing)
understand	बुझ्नु	have understood (NOT have been understanding)