200 More IELTS Reading Vocabulary Words (Simple to Advanced)

200 More IELTS Reading Vocabulary Words (Simple to Advanced)

A comprehensive collection of 200 vocabulary words commonly found in IELTS Reading passages, arranged from simple to advanced, each with English meaning, Nepali meaning, and an English example sentence. These words frequently appear in Academic and General Training Reading modules.

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PART 1: Academic Study & Research (शैक्षिक अध्ययन र अनुसन्धान) — 20 Words

#	Word	English Meaning	Nepali Meaning	Example Sentence
1	Study	research, investigation	अध्ययन	The study examined the effects of sleep on memory.
2	Research	systematic investigation	अनुसन्धान	Recent research suggests a link between diet and mood.
3	Survey	a set of questions	सर्वेक्षण	A survey of 500 students was conducted.
4	Experiment	scientific test	प्रयोग	The experiment produced surprising results.
5	Analysis	detailed examination	विश्लेषण	The analysis revealed a clear pattern.
6	Data	collected information	तथ्याङ्क	The data was collected over five years.
7	Evidence	proof, indication	प्रमाण	There is little evidence to support this claim.
8	Findings	results of research	नतिजा	The findings were published in a journal.
9	Conclusion	final judgment	निष्कर्ष	The conclusion was based on solid evidence.
10	Hypothesis	proposed explanation	परिकल्पना	The hypothesis was tested in the laboratory.
11	Methodology	system of methods	कार्यविधि	The methodology used was both qualitative and quantitative.
12	Sample	small part for testing	नमुना	A sample of 200 people was selected.
13	Variable	factor that can change	चर	Age was the most important variable.
14	Correlation	mutual relationship	सम्बन्ध	There is a strong correlation between exercise and health.
15	Significant	important, notable	महत्त्वपूर्ण	A significant difference was observed.
16	Reliable	trustworthy	भरपर्दो	The data is considered reliable.
17	Valid	logically sound	मान्य	The argument is valid but incomplete.
18	Accurate	correct, precise	सटीक	The measurements were highly accurate.
19	Comprehensive	complete, thorough	व्यापक	The report provides a comprehensive overview.
20	Empirical	based on observation	प्रायोगिक	The theory is supported by empirical evidence.

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PART 2: Environment & Climate (वातावरण र जलवायु) — 20 Words

#	Word	English Meaning	Nepali Meaning	Example Sentence
21	Ecosystem	ecological system	पारिस्थितिक प्रणाली	Coral reefs are fragile ecosystems.
22	Biodiversity	variety of life	जैविक विविधता	The rainforest has rich biodiversity.
23	Habitat	natural home	वासस्थान	Deforestation destroys animal habitats.
24	Extinction	complete disappearance	लोप	Many species face extinction.
25	Endangered	at risk of extinction	संकटापन्न	Tigers are an endangered species.
26	Conservation	protection of nature	संरक्षण	Conservation efforts have increased.
27	Sustainable	able to continue long-term	दिगो	Sustainable farming is essential.
28	Emission	release of gas	उत्सर्जन	Carbon emissions must be reduced.
29	Pollution	contamination	प्रदूषण	Air pollution affects millions.
30	Deforestation	cutting down forests	वन विनाश	Deforestation contributes to global warming.
31	Drought	long period without rain	खडेरी	The drought destroyed crops.
32	Flood	overflow of water	बाढी	Floods displaced thousands of people.
33	Renewable	can be replenished	नवीकरणीय	Solar energy is renewable.
34	Fossil fuel	coal, oil, gas	जीवाश्म इन्धन	Fossil fuels cause pollution.
35	Climate	weather pattern	जलवायु	Climate change is a global crisis.
36	Atmosphere	layer of gases	वायुमण्डल	The atmosphere protects us from radiation.
37	Recycle	reuse materials	पुनः प्रयोग गर्नु	We should recycle plastic and paper.
38	Contaminate	to make impure	प्रदूषित गर्नु	Industrial waste contaminates rivers.
39	Preserve	to protect	संरक्षण गर्नु	We must preserve natural resources.
40	Deplete	to use up	घटाउनु	Overfishing depletes ocean resources.

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PART 3: Health & Medicine (स्वास्थ्य र चिकित्सा) — 20 Words

#	Word	English Meaning	Nepali Meaning	Example Sentence
41	Disease	illness	रोग	Heart disease is a leading cause of death.
42	Symptom	sign of illness	लक्षण	Fever is a common symptom of flu.
43	Diagnosis	identification of illness	निदान	Early diagnosis saves lives.
44	Treatment	medical care	उपचार	The treatment was successful.
45	Vaccine	substance for immunity	खोप	The vaccine prevents measles.
46	Immunity	resistance to disease	प्रतिरक्षा	Good nutrition builds immunity.
47	Chronic	long-lasting	दीर्घकालीन	Diabetes is a chronic disease.
48	Contagious	easily spread	संक्रामक	The virus is highly contagious.
49	Epidemic	widespread disease	महामारी	The epidemic spread rapidly.
50	Pandemic	global epidemic	विश्वव्यापी महामारी	COVID-19 became a pandemic.
51	Nutrition	food for health	पोषण	Proper nutrition is vital for children.
52	Obesity	excess body fat	मोटोपना	Obesity rates are rising worldwide.
53	Sedentary	inactive	गतिहीन	A sedentary lifestyle harms health.
54	Therapy	treatment method	उपचार	Physical therapy helped him recover.
55	Prevention	stopping before it happens	रोकथाम	Prevention is better than cure.
56	Cure	to heal completely	उपचार गर्नु	There is no cure for the common cold.
57	Alleviate	to reduce pain	कम गर्नु	The medicine alleviated her pain.
58	Beneficial	helpful	लाभदायक	Exercise is beneficial for the heart.
59	Detrimental	harmful	हानिकारक	Smoking is detrimental to health.
60	Well-being	state of health	कल्याण	Mental well-being is important.

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PART 4: Technology & Innovation (प्रविधि र नवप्रवर्तन) — 20 Words

#	Word	English Meaning	Nepali Meaning	Example Sentence
61	Innovation	new idea or method	नवप्रवर्तन	Innovation drives economic growth.
62	Device	tool or machine	उपकरण	Smartphones are versatile devices.
63	Digital	electronic	डिजिटल	Digital technology has changed education.
64	Automation	automatic operation	स्वचालन	Automation replaced many manual jobs.
65	Artificial intelligence	machine intelligence	कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता	Artificial intelligence is transforming industries.
66	Algorithm	set of rules for computing	एल्गोरिदम	The algorithm sorts data quickly.
67	Network	connected system	सञ्जाल	The internet is a global network.
68	Software	computer programs	सफ्टवेयर	The software needs an update.
69	Hardware	physical computer parts	हार्डवेयर	The hardware was outdated.
70	Upgrade	to improve	स्तरोन्नति गर्नु	We upgraded the system last year.
71	Obsolete	no longer used	अप्रचलित	Typewriters became obsolete.
72	Efficient	productive	कुशल	The new machine is more efficient.
73	Cutting-edge	most advanced	अत्याधुनिक	The lab uses cutting-edge technology.
74	Prototype	first model	नमुना मोडेल	The prototype was tested successfully.
75	Revolutionize	to change drastically	क्रान्तिकारी परिवर्तन गर्नु	The internet revolutionized communication.
76	Integrate	to combine	एकीकृत गर्नु	We integrated the two systems.
77	Cybersecurity	protection of data	साइबर सुरक्षा	Cybersecurity is a growing concern.
78	Data	information	तथ्याङ्क	Big data helps businesses make decisions.
79	Virtual	simulated, online	भर्चुअल	Virtual meetings are common now.
80	Breakthrough	major discovery	ठूलो उपलब्धि	Scientists made a breakthrough in cancer research.

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PART 5: Society & Culture (समाज र संस्कृति) — 20 Words

#	Word	English Meaning	Nepali Meaning	Example Sentence
81	Society	community of people	समाज	Society is changing rapidly.
82	Culture	customs and beliefs	संस्कृति	Nepali culture is rich and diverse.
83	Tradition	long-established custom	परम्परा	Festivals reflect our traditions.
84	Heritage	inherited culture	सम्पदा	We must protect our cultural heritage.
85	Custom	traditional practice	रीतिरिवाज	It is a custom to greet elders.
86	Ritual	religious ceremony	कर्मकाण्ड	The ritual lasted for hours.
87	Diversity	variety	विविधता	Cultural diversity enriches society.
88	Migration	movement of people	बसाइँसराइ	Migration to cities is increasing.
89	Urbanization	growth of cities	सहरीकरण	Urbanization brings both opportunities and problems.
90	Population	number of people	जनसंख्या	The population is growing rapidly.
91	Generation	group of same age	पुस्ता	The younger generation values freedom.
92	Integration	merging into society	एकीकरण	Integration of immigrants takes time.
93	Prejudice	biased opinion	पूर्वाग्रह	Prejudice can lead to discrimination.
94	Discrimination	unfair treatment	भेदभाव	Discrimination based on gender is illegal.
95	Equality	equal rights	समानता	Gender equality is essential.
96	Inequality	lack of equality	असमानता	Income inequality is widening.
97	Cohesion	unity	एकता	Social cohesion strengthens communities.
98	Norm	standard behavior	मान्यता	Every society has its own norms.
99	Values	moral principles	मूल्यमान्यता	Family values are important.
100	Identity	sense of self	पहिचान	Language is part of cultural identity.

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PART 6: History & Archaeology (इतिहास र पुरातत्व) — 20 Words

#	Word	English Meaning	Nepali Meaning	Example Sentence
101	Ancient	very old	प्राचीन	Ancient civilizations built pyramids.
102	Civilization	advanced society	सभ्यता	The Indus Valley civilization was advanced.
103	Empire	large ruled territory	साम्राज्य	The Roman Empire was vast.
104	Dynasty	ruling family	राजवंश	The Ming dynasty ruled for centuries.
105	Artifact	historical object	पुरातात्विक वस्तु	The museum displays ancient artifacts.
106	Excavation	digging for remains	उत्खनन	The excavation revealed a temple.
107	Archaeologist	one who studies remains	पुरातत्वविद्	Archaeologists found tools from the Stone Age.
108	Fossil	preserved remains	जीवाश्म	Dinosaur fossils were discovered.
109	Ruin	destroyed remains	भग्नावशेष	We visited the ruins of an old palace.
110	Monument	memorial structure	स्मारक	The monument honors war heroes.
111	Manuscript	handwritten document	पाण्डुलिपि	The manuscript was written in Sanskrit.
112	Chronicle	historical record	इतिहास	The chronicle describes ancient kings.
113	Era	historical period	युग	The industrial era changed the world.
114	Century	hundred years	शताब्दी	The castle was built in the 12th century.
115	Colony	ruled territory	उपनिवेश	India was once a British colony.
116	Independence	freedom from rule	स्वतन्त्रता	Nepal never lost its independence.
117	Revolution	major change	क्रान्ति	The French Revolution changed Europe.
118	Legacy	something left behind	विरासत	The legacy of the empire remains.
119	Descendant	later generation	वंशज	He is a descendant of the royal family.
120	Ancestor	forefather	पुर्खा	Our ancestors built these temples.

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PART 7: Business & Economy (व्यापार र अर्थतन्त्र) — 20 Words

#	Word	English Meaning	Nepali Meaning	Example Sentence
121	Economy	financial system	अर्थतन्त्र	The economy is growing steadily.
122	Industry	manufacturing sector	उद्योग	Tourism is a major industry in Nepal.
123	Commerce	trade	वाणिज्य	Commerce connects nations.
124	Investment	putting money in	लगानी	Foreign investment increased this year.
125	Revenue	income	आम्दानी	The company's revenue doubled.
126	Profit	financial gain	नाफा	The business made a huge profit.
127	Loss	financial deficit	घाटा	The firm suffered a heavy loss.
128	Inflation	rise in prices	मुद्रास्फीति	Inflation affects purchasing power.
129	Recession	economic decline	मन्दी	The recession caused job losses.
130	Export	goods sold abroad	निर्यात	Nepal exports tea and carpets.
131	Import	goods bought from abroad	आयात	The country imports fuel.
132	Tariff	tax on imports	भन्सार महसुल	The government raised tariffs.
133	Subsidy	financial support	अनुदान	Farmers received a subsidy.
134	Market	place for trade	बजार	The market for electric cars is growing.
135	Consumer	buyer	उपभोक्ता	Consumers demand quality products.
136	Demand	need for goods	माग	Demand for housing is high.
137	Supply	available goods	आपूर्ति	Supply could not meet demand.
138	Productivity	output per worker	उत्पादकत्व	Productivity improved with training.
139	Entrepreneur	business starter	उद्यमी	Young entrepreneurs are changing the market.
140	Prosperity	wealth, success	समृद्धि	Trade brings prosperity.

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PART 8: Advanced Academic Words (उच्चस्तरीय शैक्षिक शब्द) — 30 Words

#	Word	English Meaning	Nepali Meaning	Example Sentence
141	Phenomenon	observable event	परिघटना	Migration is a global phenomenon.
142	Paradigm	model, framework	प्रतिमान	The discovery created a new paradigm.
143	Criterion	standard	मापदण्ड	Price was the main criterion.
144	Implication	possible effect	निहितार्थ	The implications of AI are vast.
145	Perspective	viewpoint	दृष्टिकोण	From an economic perspective, it works.
146	Framework	basic structure	रूपरेखा	A legal framework is needed.
147	Approach	method	दृष्टिकोण	A scientific approach is required.
148	Assumption	something accepted as true	मान्यता	The theory rests on one assumption.
149	Constraint	limitation	बाधा	Time is a major constraint.
150	Attribute	characteristic	विशेषता	Patience is a key attribute.
151	Substantiate	to prove	प्रमाणित गर्नु	The evidence substantiates the claim.
152	Corroborate	to confirm	पुष्टि गर्नु	Two studies corroborate the findings.
153	Contradict	to oppose	खण्डन गर्नु	The results contradict previous research.
154	Refute	to disprove	खण्डन गर्नु	The scientist refuted the theory.
155	Validate	to confirm	मान्य गर्नु	The experiment validated the hypothesis.
156	Advocate	to support	वकालत गर्नु	Many advocate for free education.
157	Undermine	to weaken	कमजोर बनाउनु	Poor funding undermines research.
158	Mitigate	to reduce	कम गर्नु	Trees mitigate air pollution.
159	Exacerbate	to worsen	बिगार्नु	Pollution exacerbates health problems.
160	Facilitate	to make easier	सहज बनाउनु	Technology facilitates learning.
161	Hinder	to obstruct	बाधा पुर्‍याउनु	Lack of funds hindered progress.
162	Prevalent	widespread	प्रचलित	The disease is prevalent in rural areas.
163	Pervasive	spreading widely	व्यापक	Social media has a pervasive influence.
164	Inevitable	unavoidable	अपरिहार्य	Change is inevitable.
165	Inevitably	unavoidably	अनिवार्य रूपमा	Prices will inevitably rise.
166	Plausible	believable	विश्वसनीय	The explanation seems plausible.
167	Ambiguous	unclear	अस्पष्ट	The statement was ambiguous.
168	Coherent	logical	सुसंगत	Her argument was coherent.
169	Concise	brief but clear	संक्षिप्त	The summary was concise.
170	Elaborate	detailed	विस्तृत	He gave an elaborate explanation.

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PART 9: Reading Question-Specific Words (पठन प्रश्नका विशेष शब्द) — 30 Words

#	Word	English Meaning	Nepali Meaning	Example Sentence
171	Main idea	central point	मुख्य विचार	The main idea is stated in the first line.
172	Detail	specific information	विवरण	The passage gives details about the process.
173	Infer	to conclude from evidence	अनुमान गर्नु	We can infer that the author disagrees.
174	Imply	to suggest indirectly	संकेत गर्नु	The writer implies that change is needed.
175	Suggest	to indicate	सुझाव दिनु	The data suggests a positive trend.
176	State	to say clearly	बताउनु	The author states that education is vital.
177	Mention	to refer to	उल्लेख गर्नु	The passage mentions three causes.
178	According to	as stated by	अनुसार	According to the text, pollution is rising.
179	Reference	mention of something	सन्दर्भ	There is a reference to ancient Rome.
180	Synonym	word with same meaning	पर्यायवाची	"Big" is a synonym for "large."
181	Antonym	word with opposite meaning	विपरीतार्थी	"Hot" is an antonym of "cold."
182	Paraphrase	to restate differently	पुनःकथन गर्नु	The question paraphrases the passage.
183	Match	to pair correctly	मिलाउनु	Match the headings to the paragraphs.
184	Identify	to recognize	पहिचान गर्नु	Identify the correct statement.
185	Locate	to find	खोज्नु	Locate the keyword in the passage.
186	Skim	to read quickly	छिटो पढ्नु	Skim the passage for the main idea.
187	Scan	to look for specific info	खोजी पढ्नु	Scan for dates and numbers.
188	True	correct	सत्य	The statement is true according to the text.
189	False	incorrect	असत्य	The statement is false.
190	Not Given	not mentioned	दिइएको छैन	The information is not given in the passage.
191	Claim	to state as true	दाबी गर्नु	The author claims that technology helps.
192	Argument	reasoning	तर्क	The argument is well supported.
193	Assumption	accepted belief	मान्यता	The argument rests on a false assumption.
194	Contradict	to oppose	खण्डन गर्नु	The two paragraphs contradict each other.
195	Support	to back up	समर्थन गर्नु	The evidence supports the claim.
196	Emphasis	special importance	जोड	The emphasis is on environmental protection.
197	Tone	attitude of the writer	भाव	The tone of the passage is critical.
198	Purpose	reason for writing	उद्देश्य	The purpose is to inform the reader.
199	Attitude	viewpoint of writer	मनोवृत्ति	The author's attitude is optimistic.
200	Summary	brief account	सारांश	Choose the best summary of the passage.

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Summary Table (सारांश तालिका)

Part	Category	Word Count	Nepali Category
1	Academic Study & Research	20	शैक्षिक अध्ययन र अनुसन्धान
2	Environment & Climate	20	वातावरण र जलवायु
3	Health & Medicine	20	स्वास्थ्य र चिकित्सा
4	Technology & Innovation	20	प्रविधि र नवप्रवर्तन
5	Society & Culture	20	समाज र संस्कृति
6	History & Archaeology	20	इतिहास र पुरातत्व
7	Business & Economy	20	व्यापार र अर्थतन्त्र
8	Advanced Academic Words	30	उच्चस्तरीय शैक्षिक शब्द
9	Reading Question-Specific Words	30	पठन प्रश्नका विशेष शब्द