Subject -Verb Agreement Day 2 PTE Reading & Writing: Fill in the Blanks — 5 Practice Sets
Instructions: Each set has 4–5 gaps. Options are in random order (not A,
B, C, D sequence). Answers with explanations are at the end of each set.
SET 1
Passage:
The
rapid (1) __________ of technology has transformed the way people communicate.
Many experts believe that social media has (2) __________ our attention spans,
making it difficult to focus on long tasks. However, others argue that digital
tools have (3) __________ productivity and created new opportunities for
collaboration. Despite these benefits, concerns about privacy and data security
continue to (4) __________. It is essential that governments and corporations
work together to (5) __________ these challenges effectively.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. advancement / B. decline / C.
removal / D. reduction |
|
(2) |
A. improved / B. shortened / C.
lengthened / D. expanded |
|
(3) |
A. reduced / B. enhanced / C.
damaged / D. ignored |
|
(4) |
A. disappear / B. diminish / C.
persist / D. resolve |
|
(5) |
A. create / B. avoid / C. address
/ D. ignore |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
A.
advancement |
"Rapid advancement of
technology" is a common collocation. Decline/removal/reduction do not
fit the positive context of transformation. |
|
(2) |
B.
shortened |
The phrase "making it
difficult to focus" indicates a negative effect — shortened attention
spans. Improved/lengthened/expanded are positive and contradict the context. |
|
(3) |
B.
enhanced |
"Enhanced productivity"
is a positive outcome that contrasts with the previous negative point.
Reduced/damaged/ignored are negative or illogical. |
|
(4) |
C.
persist |
"Concerns continue to
persist" is a natural collocation. Disappear/diminish/resolve would mean
the concerns are ending, which contradicts "continue to." |
|
(5) |
C.
address |
"Address these
challenges" is a standard phrase meaning to deal with problems.
Create/avoid/ignore do not fit the serious tone. |
SET 2
Passage:
Climate
change is one of the most (1) __________ issues facing humanity today. Rising
global temperatures have (2) __________ to extreme weather events, including
floods, droughts, and heatwaves. Scientists warn that unless greenhouse gas
emissions are (3) __________ significantly, the consequences will be
catastrophic. Governments must (4) __________ renewable energy sources and
encourage sustainable practices. Individuals also have a role to play by (5) __________
their carbon footprint.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. trivial / B. pressing / C.
minor / D. irrelevant |
|
(2) |
A. contributed / B. led / C.
resulted / D. added |
|
(3) |
A. increased / B. maintained / C.
reduced / D. ignored |
|
(4) |
A. abandon / B. promote / C.
discourage / D. prohibit |
|
(5) |
A. increasing / B. calculating /
C. reducing / D. ignoring |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B.
pressing |
"Pressing issue" means
urgent and important. Trivial/minor/irrelevant mean unimportant, which
contradicts the serious context. |
|
(2) |
B. led |
"Led to" means resulted
in. Contributed/resulted/add need different prepositions ("contributed
to," "resulted in," "added to"). "Led to"
fits grammatically. |
|
(3) |
C.
reduced |
Emissions need to be reduced to
fight climate change. Increased/maintained/ignored would worsen the problem. |
|
(4) |
B.
promote |
Governments should promote
renewable energy. Abandon/discourage/prohibit are negative and contradict the
solution. |
|
(5) |
C.
reducing |
"Reducing carbon
footprint" is the standard phrase for helping the environment.
Increasing/calculating/ignoring do not fit the positive action. |
SET 3
Passage:
The
human brain is an incredibly (1) __________ organ capable of processing vast
amounts of information. Neuroscientists have discovered that the brain remains
(2) __________ throughout life, a phenomenon known as neuroplasticity. This
means that learning new skills can (3) __________ the brain's structure and
function. Regular exercise and a balanced diet have also been shown to (4)
__________ cognitive decline in older adults. Therefore, adopting a healthy
lifestyle is (5) __________ for maintaining brain health.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. simple / B. complex / C.
fragile / D. rigid |
|
(2) |
A. static / B. adaptable / C.
inactive / D. fixed |
|
(3) |
A. damage / B. alter / C. destroy
/ D. reduce |
|
(4) |
A. accelerate / B. prevent / C.
cause / D. worsen |
|
(5) |
A. optional / B. harmful / C.
essential / D. irrelevant |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B.
complex |
The brain's ability to process
vast information indicates complexity. Simple/fragile/rigid do not convey
this capability. |
|
(2) |
B.
adaptable |
Neuroplasticity means the brain
can adapt and change. Static/inactive/fixed mean unchanging, which
contradicts neuroplasticity. |
|
(3) |
B. alter |
Learning can alter brain structure
— this is the definition of neuroplasticity. Damage/destroy/reduce are negative
and incorrect. |
|
(4) |
B.
prevent |
Exercise and diet help prevent
cognitive decline. Accelerate/cause/worsen would mean making it worse, which
contradicts the positive context. |
|
(5) |
C.
essential |
A healthy lifestyle is essential
for brain health. Optional/harmful/irrelevant do not fit the concluding
recommendation. |
SET 4
Passage:
The
global economy has become increasingly (1) __________, with countries depending
on one another for trade and resources. While this interdependence has (2)
__________ economic growth in many regions, it has also made nations vulnerable
to external shocks. The 2008 financial crisis (3) __________ how quickly
problems in one country can spread worldwide. To build resilience, governments
should (4) __________ their economies and reduce over-reliance on a single
market. International cooperation is also (5) __________ to ensure stable and
fair trade practices.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. isolated / B. interconnected /
C. independent / D. separated |
|
(2) |
A. hindered / B. stimulated / C.
prevented / D. delayed |
|
(3) |
A. demonstrated / B. concealed /
C. ignored / D. denied |
|
(4) |
A. concentrate / B. diversify / C.
limit / D. shrink |
|
(5) |
A. unnecessary / B. vital / C.
optional / D. harmful |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B.
interconnected |
"Countries depending on one
another" defines interconnected. Isolated/independent/separated mean the
opposite. |
|
(2) |
B.
stimulated |
Interdependence has stimulated
(boosted) growth. Hindered/prevented/delayed are negative and contradict
"growth in many regions." |
|
(3) |
A.
demonstrated |
The crisis demonstrated (showed)
how problems spread. Concealed/ignored/denied mean hiding or not acknowledging,
which is illogical. |
|
(4) |
B.
diversify |
To reduce over-reliance, economies
should diversify (expand variety). Concentrate/limit/shrink would increase
reliance. |
|
(5) |
B. vital |
International cooperation is vital
(essential) for stable trade. Unnecessary/optional/harmful contradict the
recommendation. |
SET 5
Passage:
Education
systems around the world are being (1) __________ by digital technologies.
Online learning platforms have made education more (2) __________ to students
in remote areas. However, the digital divide remains a significant (3)
__________, as many students lack access to reliable internet and devices.
Governments must (4) __________ in infrastructure and teacher training to
ensure that technology benefits all learners. Ultimately, the goal should be to
(5) __________ traditional and digital methods for the best educational
outcomes.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. destroyed / B. transformed / C.
neglected / D. abandoned |
|
(2) |
A. inaccessible / B. accessible /
C. expensive / D. limited |
|
(3) |
A. advantage / B. challenge / C.
solution / D. benefit |
|
(4) |
A. invest / B. waste / C. reduce /
D. ignore |
|
(5) |
A. separate / B. integrate / C.
replace / D. eliminate |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B.
transformed |
Digital technologies have
transformed (changed positively) education. Destroyed/neglected/abandoned are
negative and extreme. |
|
(2) |
B.
accessible |
Online learning makes education
accessible (available) to remote students. Inaccessible/expensive/limited
contradict the positive impact. |
|
(3) |
B.
challenge |
The digital divide is a
significant challenge (problem). Advantage/solution/benefit are positive and
contradict "many students lack access." |
|
(4) |
A.
invest |
Governments must invest (put money
into) infrastructure. Waste/reduce/ignore are negative and do not solve the
problem. |
|
(5) |
B.
integrate |
The goal is to integrate (combine)
traditional and digital methods. Separate/replace/eliminate do not suggest
combining both approaches. |
PTE Reading & Writing: Fill in
the Blanks — 10 More Practice Sets
Instructions: Each set has 4–5 gaps. Options are in random order (not A,
B, C, D sequence). Answers with explanations are at the end of each set. All
gaps test Subject-Verb Agreement rules.
SET 6
Passage:
Each
and every student (1) ________ required to submit the assignment before Friday.
One of the teachers (2) ________ responsible for collecting all the papers.
Many a student (3) ________ complained about the tight deadline. However, the
principal, along with the department heads, (4) ________ decided that no
extensions will be given.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
|
(2) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. were / C. are / D.
has |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. is |
Rule 3: "Each and every"
always takes a singular verb. |
|
(2) |
C. is |
Rule 4: "One of + plural
noun" takes a singular verb. |
|
(3) |
D. has |
Rule 5: "Many a + singular
noun" takes a singular verb. |
|
(4) |
C. has |
Rule 20: "Along with"
does not change the verb; it agrees with the first subject (the principal =
singular). |
SET 7
Passage:
A
lot of water (1) ________ wasted every day in urban areas. A lot of students
(2) ________ unaware of the importance of conservation. Half of the city's
supply (3) ________ lost through leaking pipes. Fifty percent of the residents
(4) ________ never reported these leaks to the authorities.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
|
(2) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(3) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
|
(4) |
A. has / B. is / C. was / D. have |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
C. is |
Rule 7: "A lot of" +
uncountable noun (water) → singular verb. |
|
(2) |
C. are |
Rule 7: "A lot of" +
plural noun (students) → plural verb. |
|
(3) |
B. is |
Rule 9: "Half of" +
uncountable noun (supply) → singular verb. |
|
(4) |
D. have |
Rule 9: "Fifty percent
of" + plural noun (residents) → plural verb. |
SET 8
Passage:
The
rich (1) ________ often criticized for not helping the poor. The poor (2)
________ basic necessities like food and shelter. A series of awareness
programs (3) ________ been launched to address this issue. A pair of community
leaders (4) ________ volunteered to lead the initiative.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(2) |
A. needs / B. need / C. is needing
/ D. has needed |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. were / C. has / D.
are |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. is / D. was |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
C. are |
Rule 8: "The +
adjective" (the rich) referring to a group → plural verb. |
|
(2) |
B. need |
Rule 8: "The +
adjective" (the poor) referring to a group → plural verb. |
|
(3) |
C. has |
Rule 13: "A series of" →
singular verb. |
|
(4) |
A. have |
Rule 12: "A pair of" →
singular verb. However, here "a pair of community leaders" is
treated as two individuals who volunteered — but standard grammar says
"A pair of + plural noun" takes a singular verb. The correct
standard answer is has. Let me correct: B. has is the correct
answer per Rule 12. |
Correction
for Gap 4:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 12: "A pair of" →
singular verb. |
SET 9
Passage:
Neither
of the answers (1) ________ correct. Either the teacher or the students (2)
________ made a mistake. Both of them (3) ________ confused about the question.
None of the information (4) ________ been verified yet.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
C. is |
Rule 21: "Neither of" →
singular verb. |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 24: "Either...or" →
verb agrees with the nearer subject (students = plural). |
|
(3) |
C. are |
Rule 22: "Both" → plural
verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 23: "None of" +
uncountable noun (information) → singular verb. |
SET 10
Passage:
The
team (1) ________ won the championship for the first time in a decade. However,
the team (2) ________ disagreeing among themselves about the new strategy. A
flock of birds (3) ________ flying south for the winter. The number of
migratory birds (4) ________ increased significantly this year.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(3) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
Rule 26: Collective noun (team)
acting as one unit → singular verb. |
|
(2) |
C. are |
Rule 27: Collective noun (team)
members acting individually → plural verb. |
|
(3) |
C. is |
Rule 14: "A flock of" →
singular verb. |
|
(4) |
C. has |
Rule 28: "The number of"
→ singular verb. |
SET 11
Passage:
Not
only the manager but also the employees (1) ________ unhappy with the new
policy. The CEO, together with the board members, (2) ________ scheduled a
meeting to discuss the issue. Each of the departments (3) ________ submitted a
report. Most of the complaints (4) ________ about working hours.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(2) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
C. are |
Rule 19/25: "Not only...but
also" → verb agrees with the nearer subject (employees = plural). |
|
(2) |
C. has |
Rule 20: "Together with"
→ verb agrees with the first subject (CEO = singular). |
|
(3) |
B. has |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
|
(4) |
C. are |
Rule 23: "Most of" +
plural noun (complaints) → plural verb. |
SET 12
Passage:
More
than one person (1) ________ injured in the accident. A number of witnesses (2)
________ already given their statements. The police, along with the rescue
team, (3) ________ investigating the cause. Every ten minutes (4) ________
crucial in such emergencies.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. were / B. was / C. are / D.
have |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
|
(4) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. was |
Rule 6/43: "More than
one" → singular verb. |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 28: "A number of" →
plural verb. |
|
(3) |
C. is |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (police = singular here as a unit). |
|
(4) |
C. is |
Rule 11: "Every" + time
→ singular verb. |
SET 13
Passage:
There
(1) ________ many reasons for the decline in sales. There (2) ________ a
significant drop in revenue last quarter. Under the bridge (3) ________ a
family of ducks. Here (4) ________ the reports you requested.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(2) |
A. are / B. were / C. was / D.
have |
|
(3) |
A. live / B. lives / C. living /
D. are live |
|
(4) |
A. is / B. are / C. was / D. has |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
C. are |
Rule 17: "There is/are"
→ verb agrees with the noun after it (reasons = plural). |
|
(2) |
C. was |
Rule 17: "There is/are"
→ verb agrees with the noun after it (drop = singular). |
|
(3) |
B. lives |
Rule 18: Inverted sentence → verb
agrees with the real subject (a family = singular). |
|
(4) |
B. are |
Rule 31: "Here is/are" →
verb agrees with the noun after it (reports = plural). |
SET 14
Passage:
One-third
of the cake (1) ________ already been eaten. Two-thirds of the students (2)
________ passed the exam. The majority of the work (3) ________ been completed.
The minority of the members (4) ________ still undecided.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
Rule 9/64: "One-third
of" + uncountable noun (cake) → singular verb. |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 9/64: "Two-thirds
of" + plural noun (students) → plural verb. |
|
(3) |
B. has |
Rule 29/65: "The majority
of" + uncountable noun (work) → singular verb. |
|
(4) |
C. are |
Rule 29/66: "The minority
of" + plural noun (members) → plural verb. |
SET 15
Passage:
The
captain, as well as the players, (1) ________ ready for the match. The teacher,
along with the students, (2) ________ arrived at the museum. The CEO, together
with the managers, (3) ________ present at the meeting. The president, besides
his advisors, (4) ________ made the final decision.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
|
(2) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
|
(3) |
A. were / B. was / C. are / D.
have |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
C. is |
Rule 20: "As well as" →
verb agrees with the first subject (captain = singular). |
|
(2) |
C. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (teacher = singular). |
|
(3) |
B. was |
Rule 20: "Together with"
→ verb agrees with the first subject (CEO = singular). |
|
(4) |
C. has |
Rule 20: "Besides" →
verb agrees with the first subject (president = singular). |
PTE Reading & Writing: Fill in
the Blanks — 20 More Practice Sets (Medium & Tough)
Instructions: Each set has 4–5 gaps. Options are in random order (not A,
B, C, D sequence). Answers with explanations are at the end of each set. All
gaps test Subject-Verb Agreement rules with medium to tough vocabulary
and structures.
SET 16
Passage:
The
proliferation of artificial intelligence (1) ________ raised profound ethical
questions that society (2) ________ yet to resolve. Neither policymakers nor
technologists (3) ________ reached a consensus on how to regulate emerging technologies.
A series of international conferences (4) ________ been organized to address
these concerns, but the majority of participants (5) ________ remained
skeptical about achieving meaningful cooperation.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
|
(3) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The proliferation" is
singular (uncountable noun phrase). |
|
(2) |
C. has |
"Society" is singular;
"yet to resolve" refers to society's unresolved state. |
|
(3) |
C. have |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (technologists = plural). |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 13: "A series of" →
singular verb. |
|
(5) |
C. have |
Rule 29: "The majority
of" + plural noun (participants) → plural verb. |
SET 17
Passage:
Beneath
the ancient ruins (1) ________ a vast network of tunnels that (2) ________
archaeologists for decades. The discovery, along with several artifacts, (3)
________ shed new light on the civilization that once thrived there. Each of
the excavated items (4) ________ meticulously catalogued. More than one
historian (5) ________ questioned the initial interpretation of the findings.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. lie / B. lies / C. lay / D.
lain |
|
(2) |
A. has puzzled / B. have puzzled /
C. is puzzling / D. puzzles |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. have been / B. has been / C.
are / D. were |
|
(5) |
A. have / B. were / C. has / D.
are |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. lies |
Rule 18: Inverted sentence → verb
agrees with the real subject (a vast network = singular). |
|
(2) |
B. have
puzzled |
Relative pronoun "that"
refers to "tunnels" (plural) → plural verb. |
|
(3) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (the discovery = singular). |
|
(4) |
B. has
been |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
|
(5) |
C. has |
Rule 6: "More than one"
→ singular verb. |
SET 18
Passage:
The
government's inability to address rising inequality (1) ________ become a
central issue in the upcoming election. Not only the opposition but also
several members of the ruling party (2) ________ demanded urgent reforms. The
electorate, along with various advocacy groups, (3) ________ increasingly
frustrated with empty promises. Two-thirds of the population (4) ________
dissatisfied with current economic policies. Neither the president nor the
cabinet ministers (5) ________ offered a viable solution.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. are / B. is / C. have / D. were |
|
(4) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(5) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The government's
inability" is singular (the head noun is "inability"). |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 19/25: "Not only...but
also" → verb agrees with the nearer subject (several members = plural). |
|
(3) |
B. is |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (electorate = singular). |
|
(4) |
C. are |
Rule 9: "Two-thirds of"
+ plural noun (population treated as individuals) → plural verb. |
|
(5) |
C. have |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (cabinet ministers = plural). |
SET 19
Passage:
A
flock of migratory birds (1) ________ been observed changing its traditional
routes due to climate change. The data collected by researchers (2) ________
revealed alarming patterns. One of the most concerning findings (3) ________
that many species (4) ________ struggling to adapt. The number of birds
returning to their breeding grounds (5) ________ declined by nearly thirty
percent.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(3) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
|
(4) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(5) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
Rule 14: "A flock of" →
singular verb. |
|
(2) |
B. has |
"The data" is treated as
singular in formal academic English (though plural in some contexts). Here
"has revealed" fits the singular agreement. |
|
(3) |
C. is |
Rule 4: "One of" →
singular verb. |
|
(4) |
C. are |
"Many species" is plural
→ plural verb. |
|
(5) |
C. has |
Rule 28: "The number of"
→ singular verb. |
SET 20
Passage:
The
jury (1) ________ unable to reach a unanimous verdict, as its members (2)
________ deeply divided over the evidence. The judge, together with the legal
advisors, (3) ________ decided to declare a mistrial. Each of the jurors (4)
________ interviewed individually afterward. None of the evidence (5) ________
conclusive enough to secure a conviction.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. were / B. was / C. have / D.
are |
|
(2) |
A. was / B. is / C. were / D. has |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. were / B. was / C. have / D.
are |
|
(5) |
A. were / B. have / C. was / D.
are |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. was |
Rule 26: Collective noun (jury)
acting as one unit → singular verb. |
|
(2) |
C. were |
Rule 27: Collective noun members
acting individually (its members) → plural verb. |
|
(3) |
C. has |
Rule 20: "Together with"
→ verb agrees with the first subject (judge = singular). |
|
(4) |
B. was |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
|
(5) |
C. was |
Rule 23: "None of" +
uncountable noun (evidence) → singular verb. |
SET 21
Passage:
The
rapid depletion of natural resources (1) ________ become a critical concern for
future generations. A variety of renewable energy solutions (2) ________ being
explored across the globe. However, a significant proportion of investment (3)
________ still directed toward fossil fuels. Many a scientist (4) ________
warned that without immediate action, the consequences (5) ________ be
irreversible.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(3) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. were / C. has / D.
are |
|
(5) |
A. will / B. would / C. could / D.
All of the above |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The rapid depletion" is
singular (the head noun is "depletion"). |
|
(2) |
C. are |
Rule 7/76: "A variety
of" + plural noun (solutions) → plural verb. |
|
(3) |
B. is |
"A significant proportion of
investment" — investment is uncountable → singular verb. |
|
(4) |
C. has |
Rule 5/44: "Many a" →
singular verb. |
|
(5) |
C. could |
"Consequences could be
irreversible" is the most appropriate modal for a warning. |
SET 22
Passage:
Under
no circumstances (1) ________ the public been informed about the security
breach. The company, along with its subsidiaries, (2) ________ under
investigation for fraudulent practices. Neither the CEO nor the board members
(3) ________ willing to comment on the allegations. A number of whistleblowers
(4) ________ come forward with incriminating evidence. Each of the documents
(5) ________ being carefully examined by federal authorities.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
|
(3) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(4) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(5) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
Inverted negative structure
"Under no circumstances" → verb agrees with "the public"
(singular here) → "has been informed." |
|
(2) |
B. is |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (company = singular). |
|
(3) |
C. are |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (board members = plural). |
|
(4) |
C. have |
Rule 28: "A number of" →
plural verb. |
|
(5) |
C. is |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
SET 23
Passage:
The
analysis of demographic trends (1) ________ crucial for urban planning.
Statistics compiled by the census bureau (2) ________ that migration patterns
(3) ________ shifted dramatically over the past decade. One in five residents
(4) ________ moved to suburban areas. The majority of city planners (5)
________ acknowledged the need for revised strategies.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
|
(2) |
A. show / B. shows / C. is showing
/ D. has shown |
|
(3) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. is |
"The analysis" is
singular (the head noun is "analysis"). |
|
(2) |
A. show |
"Statistics" (meaning
data) is plural → plural verb. |
|
(3) |
C. have |
"Migration patterns" is
plural → plural verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
"One in five residents"
— the subject is "one" → singular verb. |
|
(5) |
C. have |
Rule 29: "The majority
of" + plural noun (city planners) → plural verb. |
SET 24
Passage:
There
(1) ________ been numerous attempts to reform the education system, but each of
them (2) ________ failed due to political resistance. The teachers' union,
along with parent associations, (3) ________ demanded greater funding for
public schools. A quarter of the annual budget (4) ________ currently allocated
to education. Neither the government nor the opposition (5) ________ willing to
compromise on this issue.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. has / B. have / C. is / D. are |
|
(2) |
A. have / B. were / C. has / D.
are |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
|
(5) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. have |
Rule 17: "There is/are"
→ verb agrees with the noun after it (attempts = plural). |
|
(2) |
C. has |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
|
(3) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (union = singular). |
|
(4) |
B. is |
Rule 9: "A quarter of" +
uncountable noun (budget) → singular verb. |
|
(5) |
C. is |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (opposition = singular). |
SET 25
Passage:
The
phenomenon of social media addiction (1) ________ attracted significant
academic attention. Both psychologists and sociologists (2) ________ conducted
extensive research on its effects. The data suggest that excessive usage (3)
________ detrimental to mental health. Many a teenager (4) ________ reported
feeling anxious without their phones. A series of awareness campaigns (5)
________ been launched to address this growing concern.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. were / C. has / D.
are |
|
(5) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The phenomenon" is
singular. |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 22: "Both" → plural
verb. |
|
(3) |
C. is |
"Excessive usage" is
singular (uncountable). |
|
(4) |
C. has |
Rule 5/44: "Many a" →
singular verb. |
|
(5) |
B. has |
Rule 13: "A series of" →
singular verb. |
SET 26
Passage:
Deep
within the rainforest (1) ________ species yet to be discovered by science. The
biodiversity of this region (2) ________ unparalleled anywhere else on Earth. A
team of biologists, along with local guides, (3) ________ recently embarked on
an expedition. Each of the specimens collected (4) ________ being analyzed in
laboratories. More than one new species (5) ________ been identified so far.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. lie / B. lies / C. lay / D.
laid |
|
(2) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
|
(5) |
A. have / B. were / C. has / D.
are |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. lies |
Rule 18: Inverted sentence → verb
agrees with the real subject (species — here treated as singular for the
phrase "species yet to be discovered" as a collective unknown).
Standard: "lies" for singular subject. |
|
(2) |
C. is |
"The biodiversity" is
singular. |
|
(3) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (team = singular). |
|
(4) |
C. is |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
|
(5) |
C. has |
Rule 6: "More than one"
→ singular verb. |
SET 27
Passage:
The
complexity of international trade agreements (1) ________ often underestimated
by policymakers. Neither tariffs nor quotas (2) ________ proven effective in
protecting domestic industries. A number of economists (3) ________ argued that
free trade ultimately benefits all nations. The World Trade Organization,
together with its member states, (4) ________ worked to reduce barriers.
However, a substantial portion of the global population (5) ________ yet to
experience these benefits.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. is |
"The complexity" is
singular (the head noun is "complexity"). |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (quotas = plural). |
|
(3) |
C. have |
Rule 28: "A number of" →
plural verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Together with"
→ verb agrees with the first subject (WTO = singular). |
|
(5) |
C. has |
"A substantial portion of the
global population" — portion is singular → singular verb. |
SET 28
Passage:
Every
one of the candidates (1) ________ required to submit a portfolio. Either the
manager or the supervisors (2) ________ conduct the final interviews. The
staff, along with the human resources department, (3) ________ organized the
recruitment drive. None of the applicants (4) ________ been informed about the
selection criteria. A dozen of resumes (5) ________ still under review.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. will / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
C. is |
Rule 40: "Every one of"
→ singular verb. |
|
(2) |
C. will |
Rule 24: "Either...or" →
verb agrees with the nearer subject (supervisors = plural) → "will
conduct." |
|
(3) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (staff = singular). |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 23/38: "None of" +
plural noun — can be singular or plural; "has" is acceptable in
formal writing. |
|
(5) |
C. are |
Rule 78: "A dozen of" →
plural verb. |
SET 29
Passage:
The
restoration of historic buildings (1) ________ a delicate process requiring
specialized skills. A group of conservationists (2) ________ been working on
the project for years. The funding, along with private donations, (3) ________
enabled significant progress. Each of the restored structures (4) ________
carefully documented. More than one expert (5) ________ praised the quality of
the work.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
|
(5) |
A. have / B. were / C. has / D.
are |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. is |
"The restoration" is
singular (the head noun is "restoration"). |
|
(2) |
A. has |
"A group of" → singular
verb (collective noun). |
|
(3) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (funding = singular). |
|
(4) |
C. is |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
|
(5) |
C. has |
Rule 6: "More than one"
→ singular verb. |
SET 30
Passage:
The
implications of artificial intelligence for employment (1) ________
far-reaching. Neither workers nor employers (2) ________ fully prepared for the
disruption. A number of studies (3) ________ predicted significant job losses
in certain sectors. The government, together with industry leaders, (4)
________ developing strategies to mitigate the impact. However, a large
proportion of the workforce (5) ________ skeptical about retraining programs.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. are / B. is / C. was / D. has |
|
(2) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(3) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. is / C. are / D. were |
|
(5) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
A. are |
"The implications" is
plural (the head noun is "implications"). |
|
(2) |
C. are |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (employers = plural). |
|
(3) |
C. have |
Rule 28: "A number of" →
plural verb. |
|
(4) |
B. is |
Rule 20: "Together with"
→ verb agrees with the first subject (government = singular). |
|
(5) |
B. is |
"A large proportion of the
workforce" — proportion is singular → singular verb. |
SET 31
Passage:
In
the depths of the ocean (1) ________ creatures that (2) ________
bioluminescence to survive. The study of these organisms (3) ________ revealed
remarkable adaptations. A team of marine biologists (4) ________ discovered
several new species. Each of the findings (5) ________ been published in
leading journals.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. live / B. lives / C. living /
D. lived |
|
(2) |
A. uses / B. use / C. is using /
D. has used |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. have / B. were / C. has / D.
are |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
A. live |
Rule 18: Inverted sentence → verb
agrees with the real subject (creatures = plural). |
|
(2) |
B. use |
Relative pronoun "that"
refers to "creatures" (plural) → plural verb. |
|
(3) |
B. has |
"The study" is singular. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
"A team of" → singular
verb (collective noun). |
|
(5) |
C. has |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
SET 32
Passage:
The
effectiveness of online education (1) ________ been widely debated. Neither
students nor teachers (2) ________ completely satisfied with the transition. A
variety of platforms (3) ________ available for virtual learning. The
university, along with its partner institutions, (4) ________ invested heavily
in digital infrastructure. However, one in three students (5) ________ reported
difficulties with internet access.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The effectiveness" is
singular. |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (teachers = plural). |
|
(3) |
C. are |
Rule 7/76: "A variety
of" + plural noun (platforms) → plural verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (university = singular). |
|
(5) |
C. has |
"One in three students"
— the subject is "one" → singular verb. |
SET 33
Passage:
The
consequences of deforestation (1) ________ devastating for biodiversity. A
large number of species (2) ________ lost their natural habitats. The
government, together with environmental agencies, (3) ________ implemented
reforestation programs. However, a significant amount of land (4) ________
still being cleared illegally. Neither legislation nor public awareness (5)
________ been sufficient to stop the destruction.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
|
(5) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
C. are |
"The consequences" is
plural. |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 28/49: "A large number
of" → plural verb. |
|
(3) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Together with"
→ verb agrees with the first subject (government = singular). |
|
(4) |
B. is |
"A significant amount
of" + uncountable noun (land) → singular verb. |
|
(5) |
C. has |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (public awareness = singular). |
SET 34
Passage:
The
rise of remote work (1) ________ transformed the traditional office
environment. Both employees and employers (2) ________ recognized the benefits
of flexibility. A series of surveys (3) ________ indicated higher productivity
among remote workers. The company, along with its competitors, (4) ________
adopted hybrid models. However, each of the employees (5) ________ required to
attend periodic in-person meetings.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. are / B. were / C. is / D. have |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The rise" is singular. |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 22: "Both" → plural
verb. |
|
(3) |
B. has |
Rule 13: "A series of" →
singular verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (company = singular). |
|
(5) |
C. is |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
SET 35
Passage:
The
impact of climate change on agriculture (1) ________ becoming increasingly
evident. Neither farmers nor policymakers (2) ________ adequately prepared for
the challenges ahead. A number of crop varieties (3) ________ been developed to
withstand extreme weather. The international community, along with local
governments, (4) ________ pledged support for adaptation measures. However, a
considerable portion of funding (5) ________ yet to be disbursed.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
|
(2) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(3) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. is |
"The impact" is singular
(the head noun is "impact"). |
|
(2) |
C. are |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (policymakers = plural). |
|
(3) |
C. have |
Rule 28: "A number of" →
plural verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (community = singular). |
|
(5) |
B. is |
"A considerable portion of
funding" — portion is singular → singular verb. |
SET 36
Passage:
The
discovery of penicillin (1) ________ revolutionized modern medicine. Neither
antibiotics nor vaccines (2) ________ been able to eliminate all infectious
diseases. A number of bacteria (3) ________ developed resistance to commonly
used drugs. The medical community, together with pharmaceutical companies, (4)
________ investing in new treatments. However, each of the new drugs (5)
________ require extensive testing before approval.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. is / C. are / D. were |
|
(5) |
A. are / B. were / C. does / D.
have |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The discovery" is
singular. |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (vaccines = plural). |
|
(3) |
C. have |
Rule 28: "A number of" →
plural verb. |
|
(4) |
B. is |
Rule 20: "Together with"
→ verb agrees with the first subject (community = singular). |
|
(5) |
C. does |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
SET 37
Passage:
The
expansion of urban areas (1) ________ put pressure on infrastructure. A variety
of transportation options (2) ________ needed to accommodate growing
populations. The city council, along with community organizations, (3) ________
proposed a new metro system. However, a large proportion of residents (4)
________ opposed to the plan. Neither the mayor nor the council members (5)
________ willing to compromise.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(5) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The expansion" is
singular. |
|
(2) |
C. are |
Rule 7/76: "A variety
of" + plural noun (options) → plural verb. |
|
(3) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (city council = singular). |
|
(4) |
C. are |
"A large proportion of
residents" — residents is plural, and proportion of + plural noun →
plural verb. |
|
(5) |
C. are |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (council members = plural). |
SET 38
Passage:
The
preservation of indigenous languages (1) ________ essential for cultural
diversity. Neither globalization nor modernization (2) ________ been kind to
minority languages. A number of communities (3) ________ launched
revitalization programs. The government, together with UNESCO, (4) ________
provided funding for these initiatives. However, each of the endangered
languages (5) ________ require sustained effort to survive.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
|
(2) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
|
(3) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. are / B. were / C. does / D.
have |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. is |
"The preservation" is
singular. |
|
(2) |
C. has |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (modernization = singular). |
|
(3) |
C. have |
Rule 28: "A number of" →
plural verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Together with"
→ verb agrees with the first subject (government = singular). |
|
(5) |
C. does |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
SET 39
Passage:
The
regulation of social media platforms (1) ________ become a contentious issue.
Neither tech companies nor governments (2) ________ found a satisfactory
solution. A series of hearings (3) ________ been held to investigate data
privacy practices. The public, along with civil rights groups, (4) ________
demanded greater transparency. However, a significant number of users (5)
________ unaware of how their data is being used.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The regulation" is
singular. |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (governments = plural). |
|
(3) |
B. has |
Rule 13: "A series of" →
singular verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (public = singular). |
|
(5) |
C. are |
Rule 49: "A significant
number of" → plural verb. |
SET 40
Passage:
The
exploration of outer space (1) ________ captured human imagination for
centuries. Both scientists and enthusiasts (2) ________ dreamed of discovering
extraterrestrial life. A number of space missions (3) ________ been launched to
explore distant planets. The international space agency, along with private
companies, (4) ________ invested billions in new technology. However, each of
the proposed missions (5) ________ face significant technical challenges.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. are / B. were / C. does / D.
have |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The exploration" is
singular. |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 22: "Both" → plural
verb. |
|
(3) |
C. have |
Rule 28: "A number of" →
plural verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (agency = singular). |
|
(5) |
C. does |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
SET 41
Passage:
The
decline of bee populations (1) ________ raised alarm among scientists. Neither
pesticides nor habitat loss (2) ________ been identified as the sole cause. A
variety of factors (3) ________ contributed to this phenomenon. The
agricultural sector, along with environmental groups, (4) ________ called for
urgent action. However, a large number of farmers (5) ________ reluctant to
change their practices.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
|
(3) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The decline" is
singular. |
|
(2) |
C. has |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (habitat loss = singular). |
|
(3) |
C. have |
Rule 7/76: "A variety
of" + plural noun (factors) → plural verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (sector = singular). |
|
(5) |
C. are |
Rule 49: "A large number
of" → plural verb. |
SET 42
Passage:
The
development of renewable energy sources (1) ________ accelerated in recent
years. Neither solar nor wind power (2) ________ yet replaced fossil fuels
completely. A number of countries (3) ________ committed to achieving carbon
neutrality. The European Union, together with its member states, (4) ________
set ambitious targets. However, each of the proposed solutions (5) ________ its
own limitations.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
|
(3) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The development" is
singular. |
|
(2) |
C. has |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (wind power = singular). |
|
(3) |
C. have |
Rule 28: "A number of" →
plural verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Together with"
→ verb agrees with the first subject (European Union = singular). |
|
(5) |
B. has |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
SET 43
Passage:
The
investigation into corporate fraud (1) ________ revealed widespread corruption.
Neither the executives nor the accountants (2) ________ willing to cooperate
with authorities. A series of documents (3) ________ been seized from the
company's headquarters. The public, along with shareholders, (4) ________
demanded accountability. However, a significant portion of the evidence (5)
________ still being analyzed.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. is / B. was / C. are / D. has |
|
(3) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. are / B. is / C. were / D. have |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The investigation" is
singular. |
|
(2) |
C. are |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (accountants = plural). |
|
(3) |
B. has |
Rule 13: "A series of" →
singular verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (public = singular). |
|
(5) |
B. is |
"A significant portion of the
evidence" — portion is singular → singular verb. |
SET 44
Passage:
The
migration of birds across continents (1) ________ fascinated scientists for
generations. Neither GPS tracking nor satellite imagery (2) ________ fully
explained how birds navigate. A number of theories (3) ________ been proposed
to solve this mystery. The research team, along with international
collaborators, (4) ________ published groundbreaking findings. However, each of
the hypotheses (5) ________ require further testing.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. have / B. are / C. has / D.
were |
|
(3) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. are / B. were / C. does / D.
have |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The migration" is
singular. |
|
(2) |
C. has |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (satellite imagery = singular). |
|
(3) |
C. have |
Rule 28: "A number of" →
plural verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (research team = singular). |
|
(5) |
C. does |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
SET 45
Passage:
The
proliferation of fake news (1) ________ become a serious threat to democracy.
Neither social media companies nor traditional media (2) ________ effectively
addressed the problem. A number of fact-checking organizations (3) ________
emerged to combat misinformation. The public, along with educators, (4)
________ called for greater media literacy. However, each of the proposed
solutions (5) ________ its own challenges.
Options:
|
Gap |
Options |
|
(1) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(2) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(3) |
A. has / B. is / C. have / D. was |
|
(4) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
|
(5) |
A. have / B. has / C. are / D.
were |
Answers:
|
Gap |
Answer |
Reason |
|
(1) |
B. has |
"The proliferation" is
singular. |
|
(2) |
C. have |
Rule 24: "Neither...nor"
→ verb agrees with the nearer subject (traditional media = plural). |
|
(3) |
C. have |
Rule 28: "A number of" →
plural verb. |
|
(4) |
B. has |
Rule 20: "Along with" →
verb agrees with the first subject (public = singular). |
|
(5) |
B. has |
Rule 39: "Each of" →
singular verb. |
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