Class 11 unit 2 Adverbs, Adjectives and Nouns NEB class 11 unit 2 Position of Adverbs

 1. What is an Adjective?

Definition:
An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. It tells us which one, what kind, or how many.

Trick to identify:
Ask yourself — “Which one?” “What kind?” or “How many?” about a noun. If the word answers that, it’s likely an adjective.

Examples:

·         She has a red car. (What kind of car? — red = adjective)

·         They adopted three puppies. (How many puppies? — three = adjective)

·         He is a tall man. (Which one? Tall = adjective)

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2. What is an Adverb?

Definition:
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It tells us how, when, where, why, or to what extent something happens.

Trick to identify:
Look for words that often end with -ly (but not always!) and ask:

·         How?

·         When?

·         Where?

·         To what extent?

If the word answers these questions about a verb, adjective, or adverb, it’s an adverb.

Examples:

·         She runs quickly. (How does she run? Quickly = adverb)

·         He is very tall. (To what extent is he tall? Very = adverb)

·         They arrived yesterday. (When? Yesterday = adverb)

 

1. Adjectives: Common Suffixes

Adjectives often end with these suffixes:

Quick trick

Symbol (Suffix)	Part of Speech
-ful, -ous, -able, -ive, -ic, -al, -y	Adjective
-ly, -ward(s), -wise	Adverb

Suffix	Meaning/Use	Examples
-ful	Full of / characterized by	beautiful, careful, helpful
-ous	Having qualities of	dangerous, famous
-able / -ible	Capable of being	enjoyable, visible
-ish	Like or somewhat	childish, foolish
-ive	Having nature of	active, creative
-ic	Related to	poetic, athletic
-al	Pertaining to	natural, musical
-y	Characterized by	sunny, happy

2. Adverbs: Common Suffixes

Adverbs often end with

Suffix	Meaning/Use	Examples
-ly	In the manner of	quickly, happily, softly
-ward(s)	Direction or place	backward, forward
-wise	In the manner of / regarding	clockwise, otherwise

 

What is a Noun?

Definition:
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, animal, idea, or quality.

Trick to Identify Nouns

1. Ask “Who?” or “What?”

• Nouns often answer the questions:

• Who is it? (person, animal)
• What is it? (thing, place, idea)

Example:

• Who is there? — Teacher (noun)
• What is on the table? — Book (noun)

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2. Look for Articles or Determiners before the Word

• Words often preceded by a, an, the, my, some, this, that are usually nouns.

Example:

• The cat is sleeping.
• A car passed by.

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3. Nouns Can Be Pluralized or Made Possessive

• Most nouns can be made plural by adding -s or -es.
• They can show possession by adding ’s.

Example:

• Dog → Dogs
• Child → Children
• Man’s hat

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4. Nouns Can Be Subjects or Objects in a Sentence

• If the word is the subject or object of a verb, it’s likely a noun.

Example:

1. John runs fast. (Subject)
2. I see a tree. (Object)

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Examples of Nouns

Person	Place	Thing	Animal	Idea/Quality
teacher	school	pen	dog	freedom
mother	city	table	cat	happiness
doctor	park	phone	elephant	love

Common Suffixes Used in Nouns

Suffix	Meaning / Use	Examples
-er / -or	One who does an action	teacher, actor, singer
-tion / -sion	Act or process; result of action	creation, decision, tension
-ment	Result or process	development, agreement
-ness	State or quality	happiness, kindness
-ity / -ty	State or quality	ability, honesty, loyalty
-ance / -ence	State, quality, or action	importance, independence
-ship	State, condition, skill, or office	friendship, leadership
-hood	State, condition, group	childhood, neighborhood
-ism	Doctrine, belief, system	socialism, criticism
-ist	One who practices or believes	artist, scientist
-acy	State or quality	accuracy, privacy
-dom	State, condition, domain	freedom, kingdom
-ure	Act, process, or result	exposure, closure
-al	Action or process (sometimes adj.)	arrival, refusal

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Examples in Sentences

1. Teacher teaches students.
2. The creation of the painting took months.
3. Her happiness was obvious.
4. The friendship between them lasted years.
5. He is an artist.
6. Freedom is a basic human right.

 b. Write the following words in the right columns. Change the adjectives into adverbs and nouns into adjectives.

Adjectives	Adverbs
Careful	Carefully
Perfect	Perfectly
Automatic	Automatically
Certain	Certainly
Fair	Fairly
General	Generally
Proud	Proudly
Rapid	Rapidly
Proper	Properly
Final	Finally
Common	Commonly
Beautiful	Beautifully
Frequent	Frequently
Heavy	Heavily
Hungry	Hungrily

 

Nouns	Adjectives
Rain	Rainy
Bush	Bushy
Spice	Spicy
Snow	Snowy
Blood	Bloody
Cloud	Cloudy
Bag	Baggy
Mood	Moody
Air	Airy
Cream	Creamy
Dust	Dusty
Ice	Icy
Fun	Funny
Ease	Easy
Hand	Handy
Oil	Oily
Greed	Greedy
Health	Healthy
Hill	Hilly

 

Grammar

B. Rewrite the following sentences with the adverbs in the appropriate place.

i. I watch television. (often)
I often watch television.

ii. Have you been to Janakpur? (ever)
Have you ever been to Janakpur.

iii. They play football on Saturday. (sometimes)
They sometimes play football on Saturday.

iv. The weather is bad in November. (always)
The weather is always bad in November.

v. We have fish for dinner. (seldom)
We seldom have fish for dinner.

vi. Pritam doesn’t get up before seven. (usually)
Pritam usually gets up after seven.

vii. I was very tired and I was hungry. (also)
I was very tired and I was also hungry.

viii. Did you enjoy the flight? (both)
Did you both enjjoy the flight?

C. Rewrite the following sentences placing the underlined words in the right position.

i. I never have understood her.
I have never understood her.

ii. We are often invited to the parties.
We are often invited to the parties.

iii. We all were tired, so we all fell asleep.
We were all tired, so we all fell asleep.

iv. Rajan drives always to work.
Rajan always drives to work.

v. Pradip hardly ever watches television, but he reads newspapers a lot.
Pradip hardly ever watches television, but he read newspaper a lot.

vi. We enjoyed very much the party.
We enjoyed the party very much.

vii. My brother speaks fluently English.
My brother speaks English fluently.

 

Writing

C. Write a paragraph on any one of the following topics.
a. My School Library

My school library is one of the most important places in our school. It is a large and quiet room with many books neatly arranged on shelves. The library has story books, textbooks, reference books, magazines, and newspapers. There are also dictionaries, encyclopedias, and some books on science and technology. It is truly a treasure house of knowledge.

The library is managed by a librarian who keeps the books in order and helps us find the ones we need. Students are allowed to borrow books for a certain period of time. We also have a reading corner where we can sit quietly and read during our free periods. The atmosphere of the library is peaceful and encourages us to concentrate on our studies.

I like to spend time in the library because it helps me to learn new things and improve my reading habit. Reading story books increases my imagination, while reference books help me in my studies. The library also provides newspapers that keep us updated about current events.

In short, my school library is not only a place for books but also a place that inspires us to gain knowledge. I feel proud of having such a library in my school.

b. Moral Values I Like Most

Moral values are the principles that guide our life and help us to choose what is right and avoid what is wrong. They make us good human beings and respected members of society. Among the many moral values, the ones I like most are honesty, kindness, and respect.

Honesty is important because it builds trust. An honest person is loved and respected everywhere. If we are honest in our words and actions, people will believe us and support us. I always try to speak the truth and avoid cheating.

Kindness is another value I admire. A kind person helps others in need and spreads happiness. Even small acts like helping a friend in study, sharing food, or caring for animals show kindness. I believe kindness makes life beautiful.

Respect is equally important. We should respect our parents, teachers, elders, and even younger ones. Respect creates harmony in relationships and helps society to remain peaceful.

These values guide me in my daily life. I feel that by practicing honesty, kindness, and respect, I can become a better person and also inspire others to follow the same. Moral values are the real wealth that lasts forever.