Adverbs, Adjectives and Nouns NEB class 11 unit 2 Position of Adverbs

 1. What is an Adjective?

Definition:
An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. It tells us which one, what kind, or how many.

Trick to identify:
Ask yourself — “Which one?” “What kind?” or “How many?” about a noun. If the word answers that, it’s likely an adjective.

Examples:

·         She has a red car. (What kind of car? — red = adjective)

·         They adopted three puppies. (How many puppies? — three = adjective)

·         He is a tall man. (Which one? Tall = adjective)

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2. What is an Adverb?

Definition:
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It tells us how, when, where, why, or to what extent something happens.

Trick to identify:
Look for words that often end with -ly (but not always!) and ask:

·         How?

·         When?

·         Where?

·         To what extent?

If the word answers these questions about a verb, adjective, or adverb, it’s an adverb.

Examples:

·         She runs quickly. (How does she run? Quickly = adverb)

·         He is very tall. (To what extent is he tall? Very = adverb)

·         They arrived yesterday. (When? Yesterday = adverb)

 

1. Adjectives: Common Suffixes

Adjectives often end with these suffixes:

Quick trick

Symbol (Suffix)	Part of Speech
-ful, -ous, -able, -ive, -ic, -al, -y	Adjective
-ly, -ward(s), -wise	Adverb

Suffix	Meaning/Use	Examples
-ful	Full of / characterized by	beautiful, careful, helpful
-ous	Having qualities of	dangerous, famous
-able / -ible	Capable of being	enjoyable, visible
-ish	Like or somewhat	childish, foolish
-ive	Having nature of	active, creative
-ic	Related to	poetic, athletic
-al	Pertaining to	natural, musical
-y	Characterized by	sunny, happy

2. Adverbs: Common Suffixes

Adverbs often end with

Suffix	Meaning/Use	Examples
-ly	In the manner of	quickly, happily, softly
-ward(s)	Direction or place	backward, forward
-wise	In the manner of / regarding	clockwise, otherwise

 

What is a Noun?

Definition:
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, animal, idea, or quality.

Trick to Identify Nouns

1. Ask “Who?” or “What?”

• Nouns often answer the questions:

• Who is it? (person, animal)
• What is it? (thing, place, idea)

Example:

• Who is there? — Teacher (noun)
• What is on the table? — Book (noun)

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2. Look for Articles or Determiners before the Word

• Words often preceded by a, an, the, my, some, this, that are usually nouns.

Example:

• The cat is sleeping.
• A car passed by.

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3. Nouns Can Be Pluralized or Made Possessive

• Most nouns can be made plural by adding -s or -es.
• They can show possession by adding ’s.

Example:

• Dog → Dogs
• Child → Children
• Man’s hat

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4. Nouns Can Be Subjects or Objects in a Sentence

• If the word is the subject or object of a verb, it’s likely a noun.

Example:

1. John runs fast. (Subject)
2. I see a tree. (Object)

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Examples of Nouns

Person	Place	Thing	Animal	Idea/Quality
teacher	school	pen	dog	freedom
mother	city	table	cat	happiness
doctor	park	phone	elephant	love

Common Suffixes Used in Nouns

Suffix	Meaning / Use	Examples
-er / -or	One who does an action	teacher, actor, singer
-tion / -sion	Act or process; result of action	creation, decision, tension
-ment	Result or process	development, agreement
-ness	State or quality	happiness, kindness
-ity / -ty	State or quality	ability, honesty, loyalty
-ance / -ence	State, quality, or action	importance, independence
-ship	State, condition, skill, or office	friendship, leadership
-hood	State, condition, group	childhood, neighborhood
-ism	Doctrine, belief, system	socialism, criticism
-ist	One who practices or believes	artist, scientist
-acy	State or quality	accuracy, privacy
-dom	State, condition, domain	freedom, kingdom
-ure	Act, process, or result	exposure, closure
-al	Action or process (sometimes adj.)	arrival, refusal

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Examples in Sentences

1. Teacher teaches students.
2. The creation of the painting took months.
3. Her happiness was obvious.
4. The friendship between them lasted years.
5. He is an artist.
6. Freedom is a basic human right.