Preposition NEB class 11 unit 3 Grammar and Writing Excercises

 Definition of Preposition

A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to show its relationship with another word in the sentence.
It usually shows direction, location, time, or introduces an object.

Example:

• The cat is under the table.
  (Here, under is a preposition showing the position of the cat.)

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Prepositions of Direction (Movement)

These prepositions indicate movement from one place to another. They answer the question “where to?”

Preposition	Meaning	Example Sentence
to	movement toward a specific destination	She went to school.
into	movement toward the inside of something	He walked into the room.
onto	movement toward a surface	The cat jumped onto the table.
out of	movement from the inside to the outside	She ran out of the house.
off	movement away from a surface	He fell off the ladder.
up	movement toward a higher position	They ran up the hill.
down	movement toward a lower position	She walked down the stairs.
onto	movement to a position on a surface	The bird flew onto the roof.
along	movement in a linear direction	They walked along the river.
across	movement from one side to another	He swam across the lake.
around	movement in a circular path	We drove around the city.
past	movement beyond or beside something	She walked past the store.
over	movement above something	The plane flew over the mountains.
under	movement below something	The dog crawled under the table.
through	movement from one side to the other inside something	The train passed through the tunnel.
toward / towards	movement in the direction of something	He moved toward the door.
away from	movement in the opposite direction	The thief ran away from the police.
out from	movement emerging from something	Smoke came out from the chimney.

 

Grammar (from book)

B. Complete the following sentences using the correct prepositions of direction: to, toward, onto, or into.

a. Prem drove Milan to the airport.
b. The plane landed on the runway.
c. The kids climbed onto the monkey bars.
d. Manish and Richa moved the table into the dining room.
e. Ganesh almost fell into the river.
f. Lalit and Sarita took the bus that was heading toward the university.

C. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition from the brackets.

a. While we were hiking through the forest, we saw a mountain lion. (across/through/along/under)
b. The leopards walked in a circle round the baby giraffe before they attacked.(into/towards/round/through)
c. Go out of the building and turn left. (into/up/off/out of)
d. She ran away from home when she was eighteen. (towards/away from/down/across)
e. Raindrops ran down the windscreen making it difficult to see the road.(into/up/down/over)
f. Hemanta put the plate onto the table and began to eat his dinner. (onto/into/up/off)
g. The frightened deer disappeared into the forest. (up/onto/into/toward)
h. We were driving towards the City Centre when we had an accident. (up/into/towards/along)
i. The smoke from the fire went up into the sky. (into/up/to/onto)

Practice

20 Practice Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (Prepositions of Direction)

1.      The man walked slowly ___ the hospital gate. (to / into / under)

2.      She poured the juice ___ the glass. (into / onto / out of)

3.      The children jumped ___ the swimming pool. (into / onto / under)

4.      The cat climbed ___ the sofa and sat comfortably. (onto / into / up)

5.      He fell ___ the bicycle and hurt his knee. (off / out of / over)

6.      They walked quietly ___ the dark cave. (through / across / onto)

7.      The hikers moved carefully ___ the narrow trail. (along / around / over)

8.      The boy ran ___ the dog barking behind him. (away from / toward / across)

9.      We drove ___ the hill and enjoyed the view. (up / into / off)

10. The kids slid ___ the slide with joy. (down / up / into)

11. She looked ___ the mirror and smiled. (into / onto / over)

12. The bird flew ___ the roof and disappeared. (over / onto / out of)

13. The bus moved slowly ___ the station. (toward / into / under)

14. He dived ___ the lake to save the child. (into / onto / along)

15. The tourists walked ___ the bridge to reach the island. (across / along / down)

16. The cat jumped ___ the table and spilled the milk. (onto / over / into)

17. He got ___ the car and started driving. (into / onto / over)

18. The man came ___ the crowd with a big smile. (out of / into / across)

19. She ran ___ the corner and disappeared. (around / onto / along)

20. We cycled ___ the riverbank for an hour. (along / across / toward)

Answers

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1.      The man walked slowly to the hospital gate.
✅ Reason: "To" indicates movement toward a specific destination.

2.      She poured the juice into the glass.
✅ Reason: "Into" is used when something goes inside something else.

3.      The children jumped into the swimming pool.
✅ Reason: "Into" shows movement from outside to inside a space.

4.      The cat climbed onto the sofa and sat comfortably.
✅ Reason: "Onto" shows movement onto a surface (sofa is a surface here).

5.      He fell off the bicycle and hurt his knee.
✅ Reason: "Off" is used when someone or something comes down from a surface.

6.      They walked quietly through the dark cave.
✅ Reason: "Through" means entering one side and coming out the other side of a space.

7.      The hikers moved carefully along the narrow trail.
✅ Reason: "Along" means following the length of something (trail, road, etc.).

8.      The boy ran away from the dog barking behind him.
✅ Reason: "Away from" shows movement in the opposite direction.

9.      We drove up the hill and enjoyed the view.
✅ Reason: "Up" indicates movement toward a higher place.

10. The kids slid down the slide with joy.
✅ Reason: "Down" indicates movement toward a lower position.

11. She looked into the mirror and smiled.
✅ Reason: "Into" is used when focusing attention inside a surface or object (like a mirror).

12. The bird flew over the roof and disappeared.
✅ Reason: "Over" shows movement above something without touching it.

13. The bus moved slowly toward the station.
✅ Reason: "Toward" shows movement in the direction of a place.

14. He dived into the lake to save the child.
✅ Reason: "Into" indicates movement into the water (inside a space).

15. The tourists walked across the bridge to reach the island.
✅ Reason: "Across" means from one side to the other of a surface.

16. The cat jumped onto the table and spilled the milk.
✅ Reason: "Onto" means movement to the surface of something.

17. He got into the car and started driving.
✅ Reason: "Into" is used for entering enclosed spaces like cars, rooms, etc.

18. The man came out of the crowd with a big smile.
✅ Reason: "Out of" indicates emerging from inside a group or space.

19. She ran around the corner and disappeared.
✅ Reason: "Around" means movement in a curved or circular direction.

20. We cycled along the riverbank for an hour.
✅ Reason: "Along" means moving beside or parallel to a path, road, or river.

Critical thinking

a. Does social media have positive impact in the society? Discuss.

Social media has become an important part of modern life, connecting people from different parts of the world. It allows individuals to communicate instantly, share ideas, and stay updated with news and events. Many people use platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and X (Twitter) to maintain relationships, make new friends, and learn about different cultures. This helps promote understanding and unity among people globally.

One of the major positive impacts of social media is the spread of information. It enables people to access news, educational content, and awareness campaigns quickly. Students can use social media to learn new skills, join online classes, and participate in discussions. During emergencies or natural disasters, social media is a fast way to share warnings, provide help, and raise funds for those in need.

Social media also supports businesses and creativity. Many small business owners promote their products online to reach customers at low cost. Artists, writers, and musicians can share their work with a larger audience without depending on traditional media. This helps people showcase their talents and build careers from home.

However, while social media has many benefits, it should be used wisely. Too much time spent online can harm mental health, and false information can spread quickly. Therefore, society should focus on using social media for learning, communication, and positive change. If used responsibly, social media can play a very positive role in improving knowledge, relationships, and opportunities in the world.

b. How do you compare virtual communication and face-to-face communication?

Virtual communication takes place through digital platforms like video calls, messaging apps, and emails, while face-to-face communication happens in person. Both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the situation and need.

In virtual communication, people can connect instantly regardless of distance. It saves travel time and costs, making it easier for friends, family, and colleagues in different locations to stay in touch. It also allows flexible communication through text, voice, or video. However, it sometimes lacks emotional depth because body language, tone, and facial expressions are harder to notice.

On the other hand, face-to-face communication offers more personal connection. People can read each other’s expressions, gestures, and emotions clearly, which builds trust and understanding. Meetings and discussions in person are often more engaging and less likely to be misunderstood. However, it requires people to be physically present, which can be difficult if they live far away or have busy schedules.

In conclusion, both virtual and face-to-face communication are important in today’s world. Virtual communication is best for saving time and staying connected over long distances, while face-to-face communication is better for building strong relationships and deep understanding. Using both wisely can improve personal and professional interactions.

Writing

b. What is cyber bullying? What are its effects? How can it be stopped?

Cyberbullying is the use of digital platforms, such as social media, messaging apps, or online games, to harass, threaten, or humiliate someone. It can include sending hurtful messages, spreading false information, sharing private photos without permission, or making rude comments online. Unlike traditional bullying, cyberbullying can happen anytime and anywhere, as long as the victim is connected to the internet.

The effects of cyberbullying can be serious. Victims may feel stressed, anxious, or depressed. It can lower their self-esteem and make them afraid to participate in online activities. In severe cases, it can lead to isolation, poor academic performance, or even self-harm. Because online content can spread quickly, the damage caused by cyberbullying is often widespread and long-lasting.

Cyberbullying can be stopped by taking strong preventive measures. Parents and teachers should educate children about respectful online behavior. Victims should block bullies, save evidence, and report the abuse to platform administrators or authorities. Social media companies must also monitor harmful content and take strict action against offenders.

In conclusion, cyberbullying is a harmful act that affects mental and emotional well-being. By spreading awareness, promoting kindness, and enforcing strict online rules, society can make the internet a safer and more positive space for everyone.