Add three more words that are formed
with the following prefixes.
a. hyper
hyperloop,
hypersensitive, hyperlipidaemia, hyperinflation.
b. ultra
ultrahigh,
ultralight, ultrashort, ultrabasic, ultrafiche.
c. up
uphill,
Upwork, upside, uplift
d. over
overcoming,
overwhelm, overdrunk, oversized
e. multi
multibillion,
multinational, multicultural, multiply
a. hyper
a)
hyperactive
b)
hypercritical
c)
hypertext
b.
ultra
a)
ultraviolet
b)
ultramodern
c)
ultrasonic
c.
up
a)
upgrade
b)
uproot
c)
update
d.
over
a)
overestimate
b)
overreact
c)
overload
e.
multi
a)
multimedia
b)
multitask
c)
multigrain
Definition of Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-Verb
Agreement means the verb must
agree with its subject in number and
person:
·
A singular subject
takes a singular verb.
· A plural subject takes a plural verb.
To learn about the process of making sentences, you have to
learn the noun (subject) and verb relation in detail.
Singular
nouns and plural noun
|
Singular
noun (subject) |
verbs |
|
Ram Sita He She It A baby A child This That Man Woman Only one thing or subject |
V5 (does), is, has, was |
|
Plural noun (subject) |
verbs |
|
Ram and Sita They We You The babies The children These Those Men Women Two or more than two |
V1 (do), are, have, were |
Note: The subject "I"
takes v1,do, am, have, & was as verbs.
Subject-Verb Agreement Rules (Basic to Advanced)
Subject-Verb Agreement Rules
(1–85)
(From
Basic to Advance)
1.
Basic Rule: Singular subject takes singular verb; plural subject takes
plural verb.
She writes every day. / They write every day.
2.
Two singular nouns joined by "and" = plural verb.
Rita and Sam are friends.
3.
Two singular nouns joined by "or" or "nor" = singular
verb.
Either the teacher or the student is responsible.
4.
Singular + plural subject joined by "or" or "nor" – verb
agrees with the nearest subject.
Either the students or the teacher is wrong.
Either the teacher or the students are wrong.
5.
Collective nouns take singular/plural verb depending on meaning.
The team is winning. / The team are arguing among themselves.
6.
Uncountable nouns always take singular verbs.
The information is useful.
7.
Subjects joined by "as well as", "along with",
"together with" take verb of the first subject.
The manager, as well as the employees, is present.
8.
Titles of books/movies/organizations take singular verbs even if plural in
form.
The United Nations is meeting today.
9.
Words like "each", "every", "either",
"neither" take singular verbs.
Each of the students is present.
10.
With fractions and percentages, verb depends on noun after "of".
Half of the cake is gone. / Half of the cookies are gone.
11.
"None" can take singular or plural verb depending on meaning.
None of the money is missing. / None of the students are absent.
12.
"Some", "all", "most" take verb depending on
object after "of".
Some of the water is contaminated. / Some of the books are missing.
13.
In sentences beginning with "here" or "there", subject
comes after the verb.
There are many problems.
14.
Plural subjects + "with"/"as well as" = verb agrees with
main subject.
The teacher, along with the students, is excited.
15.
Infinitive or gerund phrase as subject = singular verb.
To read is important. / Swimming helps you stay fit.
16.
Words like "mathematics", "news", "physics" =
singular.
Mathematics is my favorite subject.
17.
With "not only... but also", verb agrees with the second subject.
Not only the teacher but also the students are excited.
18.
With "either...or", "neither...nor", verb agrees with
the nearer subject.
Neither the students nor the teacher is here.
19.
Words ending in "s" but singular in meaning = singular verb.
The news is shocking.
20.
Subject modified by phrases like "together with" = verb agrees
with main subject.
The president, together with his advisors, is attending the meeting.
Intermediate Rules (21–60)
21.
Names of diseases = singular.
Diabetes is increasing globally.
22.
Indefinite pronouns = usually singular.
Everyone is invited.
23.
"And" joins subjects that refer to one person = singular verb.
My friend and mentor is here.
24.
Plural form nouns but singular in meaning = singular verb.
Economics is a tough subject.
25.
Titles or names of works = singular verb.
The Lord of the Rings is a classic.
26.
Expressions of time, money, or distance = singular verb.
Ten dollars is enough.
27.
"The number of" = singular verb.
The number of applicants is increasing.
28.
"A number of" = plural verb.
A number of students are absent.
29.
Inverted sentences – verb agrees with subject after it.
Here are the books you requested.
30.
Collective nouns used plurally = plural verb.
The jury are divided in their opinions.
31.
"None" = singular or plural verb based on context.
None of the cake is left. / None of the players are ready.
32.
Plural-looking nouns referring to one entity = singular.
The scissors is on the table. (Note: informally, "are" is
more common.)
33.
"Both... and..." = plural verb.
Both my brother and sister are doctors.
34.
"More than one..." = singular verb.
More than one student is absent.
35.
Ignore modifying phrase after subject for verb agreement.
The boy with the dogs is friendly.
36.
Singular subject = singular verb
She plays well.
37.
Plural subject = plural verb
They play football.
38.
Two singular nouns with "and" = plural verb
Ram and Shyam are friends.
39.
Uncountable nouns = singular verb
Water is essential.
40.
Collective nouns = singular verb (when seen as a unit)
The team wins the match.
41.
Titles of books/movies = singular
"The Avengers" is popular.
42.
Indefinite pronouns = singular
Everyone likes music.
43.
Subjects separated by commas = use plural
Ramesh, Suresh, and Ganesh are here.
44.
"Either/or", "neither/nor" – verb agrees with nearer
subject
Neither he nor his friends are coming.
45.
"Each", "every", etc. = singular
Each boy has a pen.
46.
Time, money, distance = singular
Five kilometers is a long walk.
47.
Nouns ending in -s (maths, physics) = singular
Mathematics is difficult.
48.
"One of" + plural = singular verb
One of the girls is absent.
49.
"The number of..." = singular
The number of students is increasing.
50.
"A number of..." = plural
A number of students are playing.
Advanced Rules (61–85)
61.
Fractions + uncountable = singular
Half of the water is gone.
62.
Fractions + countable = plural
Half of the apples are rotten.
63.
"There is"/"There are" – verb agrees with subject
There are many books.
64.
Singular + “or”/“nor” = singular verb
Neither tea nor coffee is available.
65.
Plural nouns used for tools = plural
Scissors are sharp.
66.
"More than one" = singular
More than one student has passed.
67.
"Many a" = singular
Many a man has failed.
68.
Plural form but singular meaning = singular
Economics is interesting.
69.
"Each of"/"Every one of" = singular
Each of the players is tired.
70.
Plural numbers as unit = singular
Ten years is a long time.
71.
Gerund subject = singular
Swimming is fun.
72.
"The majority of" – verb follows noun
The majority of people are happy.
73.
"As well as", etc. – verb with first subject
The teacher, as well as students, was present.
74.
Verb agrees with subject, not object
The list of items is long.
75.
Compound subject = one item = singular
Bread and butter is my breakfast.
76.
Proper nouns ending in "s" = singular
The United States is large.
77.
Relative clauses – verb agrees with antecedent
She is one of the girls who dance well.
78.
"Each of them who…" = verb with "each" = singular
Each of them who studies will pass.
79.
"None of the + plural noun" = plural
None of the students are present.
80.
"None" with uncountable = singular
None of the milk is wasted.
81.
"One-third of", "some of" = verb agrees with object
One-third of the books are missing.
82.
Plural nouns as one idea = singular
Fish and chips is my lunch.
83.
"One of those who..." = plural verb
She is one of those girls who work hard.
84.
Inversion – verb follows true subject
On the table lies the book.
85.
Always identify the real subject for correct verb
The sound of bells is soothing.
Grammar ( from book)
B. Rewrite the following sentences with
the correct form of the verbs in the brackets.
a. The invitation is for one person. I don’t
mind whether you or she (come) to the party.
The invitation is for one
person. I don’t mind whether you or she comes to the party.
b. Neither the MPs nor the Prime Minister
(have) felt regret for the party split.
Neither the MPs nor the Prime Minister has felt regret for the party split.
c. I don’t care whether he or she (win) the lottery.
I don’t care whether he or she wins the lottery.
d. Either the Kantipur or the Republica (be) used for the advertisement.
Either the Kantipur or the Republica is used for the advertisement.
e. She speaks in a strange accent. Neither I nor my sister (understand) her.
She speaks in a strange accent. Neither I nor my sister understands her.
f. I forgot whether the singers or the actress (be) given the Film Fair Award last year.
I forgot whether the singers or the actress was given the Film Fair Award last year.
g. Neither the tracksuit nor the pajamas (fit) me perfectly.
Neither the tracksuit nor the pajamas fit me perfectly.
h. Neither the gas fire nor the electric heaters (be) suitable for room heating.
Neither the gas fire nor
the electric heaters are suitable for room heating.
Subject-Verb
Agreement – Practice Questions
1.
The quality of the shoes (be) not
up to the mark.
2.
Neither the teacher nor the
students (have) arrived yet.
3.
A bouquet of red roses (make) the
room look beautiful.
4.
Each of the candidates (was/were)
given a number.
5.
Ten thousand rupees (is/are) too
much for that old bike.
6.
Mathematics (is/are) an
interesting subject.
7.
Either you or your friend
(has/have) to submit the form.
8.
The committee (has/have) not yet
decided the dates.
9.
Several books on English grammar
(is/are) missing from the shelf.
10. The news on television (seem/seems) very disturbing.
11. A number of students (was/were) caught cheating in the exam.
12. The team (is/are) celebrating its victory.
13. The data (is/are) being analyzed carefully.
14. One of my classmates (is/are) from Pokhara.
15. Neither of the options (seem/seems) good.
16. The police (has/have) arrested the suspect.
17. There (is/are) many reasons for her success.
18. Not only my brother but also my parents (is/are) coming to visit.
19. Time and tide (wait/waits) for none.
20. The list of participants (is/are) on the notice board.
Subject-Verb Agreement – Answers
with Reasons
1. The quality of the shoes is
not up to the mark.
Reason: The subject is
"quality" (singular). "Of the shoes" is a prepositional
phrase.
2. Neither the teacher nor the students have
arrived yet.
Reason: In "neither...nor",
the verb agrees with the nearest subject "students" (plural).
3. A bouquet of red roses makes
the room look beautiful.
Reason: The subject is
"bouquet" (singular), not "roses".
4. Each of the candidates was
given a number.
Reason: "Each" is always
singular and takes a singular verb.
5. Ten thousand rupees is too
much for that old bike.
Reason: Amount of money is treated as a
singular unit.
6. Mathematics is an interesting
subject.
Reason: Although ending in -s,
"Mathematics" is a singular subject.
7. Either you or your friend has
to submit the form.
Reason: Verb agrees with the nearest
subject "friend" (singular).
8. The committee has not yet
decided the dates.
Reason: Collective noun
"committee" is treated as a single unit here (singular).
9. Several books on English grammar are
missing from the shelf.
Reason: "Several" is a
plural subject → use plural verb.
10. The news on television seems
very disturbing.
Reason: "News" is an
uncountable noun and takes a singular verb.
11. A number of students were
caught cheating in the exam.
Reason: "A number of" is a
plural expression → takes plural verb.
12. The team is celebrating its
victory.
Reason: "Team" is treated as
a single unit here (singular).
13. The data are being analyzed
carefully.
Reason: Technically, "data"
is plural of "datum", so plural verb is used. (Note: In modern
English, "data" is also often treated as singular.)
14. One of my classmates is from
Pokhara.
Reason: The subject is "One"
(singular), not "classmates".
15. Neither of the options seems
good.
Reason: "Neither" is
singular, so it takes a singular verb.
16. The police have arrested the
suspect.
Reason: "Police" is a plural
collective noun → takes plural verb.
17. There are many reasons for her
success.
Reason: Subject is "reasons"
(plural), so use plural verb "are".
18. Not only my brother but also my
parents are coming to visit.
Reason: Verb agrees with the second
subject "parents" (plural).
19. Time and tide wait for none.
Reason: "Time and tide" are
two separate things → plural subject → plural verb.
20. The list of participants is on
the notice board.
Reason: Subject is "list"
(singular), not "participants".
Critical thinking
a. Is the hyperloop the future of transportation or just a dream? What
do you think? Justify your opinion with suitable reasons.
The hyperloop is a new and exciting idea for transportation. It is
a system in which capsules travel at very high speeds through tubes with low
air pressure. Some people think it is the future of transportation, while
others believe it is just a dream. In my opinion, the hyperloop has great
potential to become the future, but it also faces challenges.
First,
the hyperloop can reduce travel time significantly. For example, trips that
take several hours by car or train could be completed in a few minutes. This
would save people a lot of time and make long-distance travel easier. Second,
it could be more environmentally friendly than airplanes or cars. Since it is
powered by electricity, it may reduce pollution and help fight climate change.
Third, it could create new opportunities for business and tourism. Cities that
are far apart could become closer, and people could travel more frequently for
work or leisure.
However,
there are challenges too. Building the hyperloop requires advanced technology
and huge investment. Many countries may not afford it, and it will take years
to complete. Safety is another concern. Traveling at such high speeds may be
risky if there are technical problems. Also, not everyone may be able to use it
due to high ticket prices in the beginning.
In
conclusion, the hyperloop is not just a dream, but it is not ready for
immediate use either. If technology improves and costs decrease, it could
become a major mode of transportation in the future. For now, it should be
tested and developed carefully. With proper planning and support, the hyperloop
could change the way we travel and make transportation faster, safer, and
cleaner.
b. The number of private vehicles is increasing day by day in Nepal
beyond the capacity of our infrastructure. What do you think should be done to
curb the ever-growing number of private vehicles? Discuss.
The number of private vehicles in Nepal is increasing rapidly, and
our roads and traffic systems cannot handle this growth. This creates traffic
jams, pollution, and accidents. To curb the ever-growing number of private
vehicles, several steps should be taken.
First,
the government should improve public transportation. If buses, trains, and
other public transport are fast, comfortable, and affordable, people will
prefer them over private vehicles. For example, modern bus services and metro
trains in cities can reduce the need for cars and motorcycles. Second, strict
rules and policies should be enforced. The government can limit the
registration of new vehicles, increase taxes on private cars, and implement
stricter fuel efficiency standards. This will discourage people from buying
unnecessary vehicles. Third, awareness campaigns should be conducted. People
need to understand the harmful effects of too many vehicles, such as air
pollution, noise, and accidents. If citizens are aware, they may voluntarily
reduce their use of private vehicles.
Another
solution is to promote walking, cycling, and carpooling. Cities can build more
cycle tracks and pedestrian paths. Carpooling can reduce the number of vehicles
on the road and save fuel. Urban planning should also focus on reducing traffic
by creating more parks, commercial areas, and residential areas closer to each
other.
In
conclusion, the growing number of private vehicles is a serious problem for
Nepal. By improving public transport, enforcing strict laws, promoting
awareness, and encouraging walking, cycling, and carpooling, the government and
citizens together can reduce the number of private vehicles. If these steps are
taken seriously, traffic problems, pollution, and accidents can be minimized,
making our cities safer and healthier for everyone.
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