Present Perfect Tense (वर्तमान पूर्ण काल)

Present Perfect Tense (वर्तमान पूर्ण काल)

Definition

The present perfect tense is used to talk about an action that started in the past and has a connection with the present, or whose result is visible now.

Nepali:
Present Perfect Tense प्रयोग गरिन्छ जब कुनै काम भूतकालमा सुरु भएर अहिले प्रभाव देखिन्छ वा समय उल्लेख गरिएको हुँदैन।

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Structure

Affirmative (Positive)

Subject + has / have + V³ (past participle)

·         I / We / You / They have + V³

·         He / She / It has + V³

Example:

·         I have finished my homework.
→ मैले गृहकार्य सकाइसकेको छु।

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Negative

Subject + has / have + not + V³

·         She has not (hasn’t) eaten food.
→ उसले खाना खाएको छैन।

·                  · They have not (haven't) played football.

              उनीहरूले फुटबल खेलेका छैनन्।

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Interrogative (Question)

Has / Have + subject + V³ ?

·         Have you completed the work?
→ के तिमीले काम पूरा गरिसकेका छौ?

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Wh-Question

Wh-word + has / have + subject + V³ ?

·         Where have you been?
→ तिमी कहाँ गएका थियौ?

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Common Time Adverbs

Time Word	Nepali Meaning
Already	पहिल्यै
Just	भर्खरै
Yet	अझै / नभएको
Ever	कहिल्यै
Never	कहिल्यै पनि होइन
Recently	हालसालै
Lately	पछिल्लो समयमा
So far	अहिलेसम्म
Since	देखि
For	समयदेखि

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with Examples

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1Action completed recently (भर्खरै सकिएको काम)

·         I have just arrived.
→ म भर्खरै आइपुगेको छु।

·         She has finished her exam.
→ उसले परीक्षा सकाइसकेकी छ।

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2Life experience (अनुभव बताउन)

·         I have visited Kathmandu.
→ म काठमाडौं गएको छु।

·         He has never smoked.
→ उसले कहिल्यै धूम्रपान गरेको छैन।

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3 Result in the present (अहिले परिणाम देखिने)

·         It has rained, so the road is wet.
→ पानी परेको छ, त्यसैले बाटो भिजेको छ।

·         I have lost my key.
→ मैले चाबी हराएको छु।

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4Action started in the past and continuing (since/for)

·         I have lived here for five years.
→ म यहाँ पाँच वर्षदेखि बसेको छु।

·         She has worked here since 2020.
→ ऊ सन् २०२० देखि यहाँ काम गरिरहेकी छ।

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5 Unfinished time (आज, यो हप्ता, अहिलेसम्म)

·         We have completed three lessons today.
→ हामीले आज तीन पाठ सकिसकेका छौँ।

·         I have read two books this month.
→ मैले यो महिनामा दुई किताब पढेको छु।

 

More Examples (Daily Use)

English	Nepali
1.      I have eaten lunch.	मैले खाना खाइसकेको छु।
2.      She has cleaned the room.	उसले कोठा सफा गरिसकेकी छ।
3.      We have completed the project.	हामीले परियोजना पूरा गरिसकेका छौँ।
4.      They have not arrived yet.	उनीहरू अझै आइपुगेका छैनन्।
5.      Have you ever flown in a plane?	के तिमी कहिल्यै जहाजमा उडेका छौ?