PTE READING MODULE – GRAMMAR MASTER GUIDE
(With Massive Examples &
Answers)
1Reading & Writing: Fill in the Blanks
➡MOST
IMPORTANT GRAMMAR AREA
Grammar
Tested
- Tense consistency
- Subject–verb agreement
- Articles (a, an, the)
- Prepositions
- Modals
- Collocations (grammar + vocabulary)
Key
Grammar Rules
|
Grammar Area |
Focus |
|
Tense |
Past vs Present Perfect vs Future |
|
Articles |
a/an for general, the for specific |
|
Prepositions |
in, on, at, for, with |
|
Modals |
can, could, must, should |
|
Verb Forms |
to + V1, V-ing, V3 |
Long
Paragraph Example (Exam Style)
Question
Climate
change has become one of the most serious issues facing humanity. Scientists
have warned that if carbon emissions are not ______ immediately, global
temperatures will continue to rise. Governments around the world are expected
______ strict policies to limit industrial pollution. However, many developing
countries argue that they should not be held ______ the same standards as
developed nations.
Options
(a)
reduced
(b)
reducing
(c)
reduce
(d)
reduction
(a)
enforcing
(b)
to enforce
(c)
enforce
(d)
enforced
(a)
in
(b)
to
(c)
at
(d)
with
Answers with Explanation
1reduced
→ Passive voice: are not reduced
2 to enforce
→ expected to + verb
3 to
→ held to standards (fixed prepositional phrase)
PTE
Tip
Always read before + after
the blank.
Grammar decides first, vocabulary decides second.
2Reading: Drag and Drop
➡
Grammar + meaning + logic
Grammar
Tested
- Connectors (however, therefore, although)
- Pronoun reference
- Parallel structure
- Sentence flow
Long
Paragraph Example
Technological
innovation has transformed modern education. Online platforms allow students to
access learning materials anytime and anywhere. ______, this flexibility has
increased participation among working professionals. ______, critics argue that
online learning lacks personal interaction, which may affect students’
motivation.
Options
- However
- As a result
- Although
- For example
Correct
Order
1As a result
2 However
Why?
- First blank shows result
- Second blank shows contrast
PTE
Tip
Identify relationship: cause,
contrast, example, addition
Ignore vocabulary if grammar logic fails
3Reorder Paragraphs
➡
Grammar is the BIGGEST clue here
Grammar
Signals to Use
- Pronouns (this, these, it, they)
- Articles (a → the)
- Tense flow
- Logical connectors
Long
Example (Jumbled Paragraphs)
A. This discovery has significantly
changed how scientists understand human evolution.
B. In 2010, researchers uncovered ancient DNA from early human ancestors.
C. As a result, new theories about migration patterns have emerged.
D. The findings revealed that modern humans interbred with Neanderthals.
Correct Order
B → D → A → C
Grammar
Logic
- In 2010
= clear starting point
- The findings
refers to research
- This discovery
refers to findings
- As a result
= conclusion
PTE
Tip
Never start with this/these/it
Look for time expressions to find the first paragraph
Multiple
Choice – Multiple Answers
➡
Grammar + meaning + elimination
Grammar
Focus
- Modals & conditionals
- Passive vs active
- Parallel verbs
- Logical consistency
4 Sample Passage
Many
cities are introducing strict traffic rules to reduce air pollution. If these
policies are enforced effectively, emissions could be reduced
significantly. However, the success of such measures depends on whether
citizens are willing to cooperate, follow regulations, and use public
transportation regularly. In some cases, fines are imposed, but
experts argue that education and incentives should be prioritized rather
than punishment alone.
Question
Which of the following statements
are correct according to the passage?
(Choose ALL that apply.)
Options
A. Air pollution can be reduced if
traffic rules are properly enforced.
B. Citizens must cooperate for the policies to succeed.
C. The passage suggests punishment is more effective than education.
D. Fines are imposed as part of traffic control measures.
E. The passage states that people will definitely use public transportation.
Correct
Answers
✔
A, B, D
Explanation
(Grammar + Meaning + Elimination)
✔ Option A — Correct
- Grammar focus:
Conditional + modal
If
these policies are enforced…, emissions could be reduced
- Logical and clearly stated.
✔ Option B — Correct
- Grammar focus:
Logical consistency
depends
on whether citizens are willing to cooperate
- Cooperation is necessary for success.
❌
Option C — Incorrect
- Grammar focus:
Contrast marker (however, rather than)
education
and incentives should be prioritized rather than punishment
- The option reverses the meaning → eliminate.
✔ Option D — Correct
- Grammar focus:
Passive voice
fines
are imposed
- Factually stated in the passage.
❌
Option E — Incorrect
- Grammar focus:
Modal vs certainty
whether
citizens are willing to…
- No certainty → “definitely” makes it illogical.
5Multiple Choice – Single Answer
➡
Grammar helps eliminate traps
Long Paragraph Example
The
rise of artificial intelligence has raised concerns about job security. While
automation may replace some manual tasks, it also creates new opportunities
that require advanced skills. Therefore, rather than fearing technology,
societies should focus on education and training.
Question:
What is the main idea?
A. Technology should be avoided due
to job loss
B. Automation only destroys employment
C. Education is essential to adapt to technological change
D. Artificial intelligence has no benefits
Correct Answer
✔
C
Grammar
Clue
- While
→ contrast
- Therefore
→ conclusion
- Conclusion talks about education
QUESTION 1: Reading &
Writing – Fill in the Blanks
Passage
Globalization has
transformed the way businesses operate. Companies now compete in international
markets, which ______ them to improve efficiency and innovation. If
organizations fail to adapt, they may struggle ______ their competitiveness in
the long run.
Options
1
- (a) allow
- (b) allows
- (c) allowed
- (d) allowing
2
- (a) maintain
- (b)
maintained
- (c)
maintaining
- (d) to
maintain
Answers
1 allows
2 to maintain
Explanation
- which allows
them → singular
subject which
- struggle to
+ verb
→ fixed grammar pattern
QUESTION 2: Reading & Writing – Fill in
the Blanks
Passage
Scientific
research indicates that sleep deprivation negatively affects cognitive
performance. Individuals who do not get enough rest are more likely to make errors,
______ their decision-making ability declines significantly.
Options
- (a) although
- (b) because
- (c)
therefore
- (d) unless
Answer
✔ because
Explanation
Cause → effect
relationship
Errors occur because decision-making declines
QUESTION 3: Reading – Drag and Drop
Passage
Urbanization has
accelerated rapidly in recent decades. ______, it has led to improved
infrastructure and economic growth. ______, the expansion of cities has also
resulted in environmental degradation and overcrowding.
Options
- However
- As a result
- For instance
- Similarly
Correct
Order
1As a result
2 However
Explanation
- First blank
→ result
- Second blank
→ contrast
QUESTION 4: Reading – Drag and Drop
Passage
Education plays a
vital role in social development. ______ access to quality schooling enables
individuals to acquire essential skills, ______ it also promotes equality and
social mobility.
Options
- Not only
- but also
- although
- because
Correct
Answer
✔ Not only
✔ but also
Grammar Rule
Not
only … but also
= parallel structure
(VERY common in PTE)
QUESTION 5: Reorder Paragraphs
A. This trend has
encouraged businesses to adopt flexible work policies.
B. Remote working has become increasingly popular worldwide.
C. As a result, employees can achieve a better work-life balance.
D. Advances in communication technology have made this possible.
Correct Order
B
→ D → A → C
Explanation
- B introduces
topic
- D explains
cause
- A refers to this
trend
- C shows
result (As a result)
QUESTION 6: Reorder Paragraphs
A. These findings
suggest that early intervention is essential.
B. Childhood nutrition significantly affects long-term health outcomes.
C. Researchers found that poor diets increase the risk of chronic diseases.
D. Consequently, policymakers are focusing on school meal programs.
Correct Order
B
→ C → A → D
QUESTION 7: Multiple Choice – Multiple Answers
Which
statements are grammatically and logically correct?
A. Climate
policies are designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
B. Governments must reducing industrial pollution immediately.
C. Renewable energy sources have become more cost-effective.
D. Fossil fuels are replaced completely without consequences.
E. Long-term planning can help mitigate environmental risks.
Correct Answers
✔ A
✔ C
✔ E
❌ Grammar Errors
- B ❌ (must
reduce / must be reducing)
- D ❌ illogical +
passive error
QUESTION 8: Multiple Choice – Multiple Answers
A. Technological
advancements have improved healthcare efficiency.
B. Doctors relies heavily on digital records today.
C. Telemedicine allows patients to consult specialists remotely.
D. Medical errors increases due to automation.
E. Data security remains a major concern in healthcare systems.
Correct
Answers
✔ A
✔ C
✔ E
❌ Grammar Issues
- B ❌ Doctors
rely
- D ❌ errors
increase
QUESTION 9: Multiple Choice – Single Answer
Passage
Public
transportation reduces traffic congestion and lowers carbon emissions. Although
private vehicles offer convenience, excessive car use contributes to pollution.
Therefore, investing in efficient public transport systems is essential for
sustainable urban development.
Main
Idea?
A. Private cars
are more convenient
B. Traffic congestion is unavoidable
C. Public transport supports sustainability
D. Pollution cannot be controlled
Correct Answer
✔ C
Grammar Clue
- Although → contrast
- Therefore →
conclusion
QUESTION 10: Multiple Choice – Single Answer
Passage
Artificial
intelligence is increasingly used in the workplace. While some fear job losses,
automation can enhance productivity and create new roles. The key challenge
lies in preparing workers with relevant skills.
Main
Purpose?
A. To discourage
technological adoption
B. To highlight the risks of automation
C. To emphasize skill development
D. To promote job replacement
✅ Correct Answer
✔️ C
PTE
READING & WRITING
LONG PASSAGE – FILL IN THE BLANKS (WITH
OPTIONS)
PASSAGE 1: Climate Change & Environment
Climate change is
widely regarded as one of the greatest challenges of the modern era. Rising
global temperatures have resulted in extreme weather events, such as prolonged
droughts and intense flooding. Scientists warn that unless immediate action is (1),………..
these environmental changes will become irreversible. Governments are therefore
encouraged (2) ………….policies that promote sustainable energy use and
reduce carbon emissions. In addition, individuals can contribute by adopting
environmentally friendly habits, such as reducing waste and using public
transportation, which can help (3) ………the overall impact on the planet.
Options
(1)
a) take
b) taking
c) taken
d) took
(2)
a) enforcing
b) to enforce
c) enforce
d) enforced
(3)
a) minimize
b) minimizing
c) minimized
d) minimizes
Answers
1taken
2to enforce
3 minimize
PASSAGE 2: Technology & Education
The rapid development of digital technology
has transformed the education sector. Online learning platforms allow students
to access study materials from anywhere, making education more flexible and
inclusive. However, critics argue that online learning should not be viewed (1)
…………..a complete replacement for traditional classroom instruction. Effective
learning often depends (2) …………..direct interaction between teachers and
students, which helps maintain motivation and engagement. Therefore, a blended
learning approach, combining both online and face-to-face methods, is
considered (3) …………….most effective solution.
Options
(1)
a) as
b) like
c) for
d) to
(2)
a) in
b) on
c) at
d) with
(3)
a) a
b) an
c) the
d) no article
Answers
1 as
2 on
3the
PASSAGE 3: Health & Lifestyle
Maintaining a
healthy lifestyle is essential for preventing chronic diseases and improving
overall well-being. Regular physical activity helps control body weight and
reduces the risk of heart disease. In addition, a balanced diet that includes
fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is strongly associated (1)…………
improved mental and physical health. Medical experts also emphasize the
importance of sleep, stating that insufficient rest can lead (2) ……………decreased
concentration and weakened immunity. Therefore, individuals are advised to
prioritize healthy habits in order (3) ……………..maintain long-term health.
Options
(1)
a) by
b) with
c) to
d) for
(2)
a) for
b) to
c) into
d) with
(3)
a) for
b) to
c) of
d) with
Answers
1with
2to
3 to
PASSAGE 4: Economy & Employment
Global economic conditions have a significant
impact on employment patterns. During periods of economic growth, companies
tend to expand their operations, which leads (1) …………..increased job
opportunities. Conversely, during economic downturns, businesses may be forced
to reduce costs, often resulting (2)…………… workforce reductions. To
address these challenges, governments invest in skill development programs so
that workers can adapt (3) ……………..changing market demands.
Options
(1)
a) to
b) for
c) in
d) at
(2)
a) for
b) to
c) in
d) with
(3)
a) at
b) to
c) with
d) for
Answers
1 to
2 in
3 to
PASSAGE 5: Science & Research
Scientific discoveries have played a crucial
role in improving human life. Advances in medical research have enabled doctors
to diagnose diseases more accurately and treat patients more effectively.
However, scientific progress requires careful planning and ethical
consideration, particularly when research involves human subjects. For this
reason, experiments must be conducted (1) ………..strict ethical guidelines
to ensure participants are protected. Researchers are also required (2) ……………report
their findings transparently, which helps maintain public trust in science and
prevents data (3)……………..
Options
(1)
a) under
b) with
c) by
d) for
(2)
a) reporting
b) report
c) to report
d) reported
(3)
a) manipulation
b) manipulating
c) manipulate
d) manipulated
Answers
1under
2 to report
3manipulation
PTE Reading – Drag and Drop (Long Passage)
Instructions
Drag
the correct options into the blanks.
There are more options than blanks.
Passage
Climate change is no longer considered a
distant threat; it is a present reality affecting ecosystems worldwide.
Scientists warn that if greenhouse gas emissions continue at their current
rate, global temperatures may rise beyond safe limits. Such an increase would
not only accelerate the melting of polar ice caps but also intensify extreme
weather events such as droughts and floods.
Governments are encouraged to take immediate
action by implementing strict environmental policies. Renewable energy sources,
such as solar and wind power, must be ________ (1) to reduce reliance on fossil
fuels. In addition, industries should be ________ (2) to adopt cleaner
technologies that minimize environmental damage.
However, policy changes alone may not be
sufficient. Individuals also play a crucial role in combating climate change.
Simple actions like reducing energy consumption, recycling waste, and choosing
sustainable transportation can collectively make a significant difference. If
citizens are not ________ (3) of the consequences of their actions, efforts to
slow climate change are likely to fail.
Therefore, raising public awareness through
education and media campaigns is essential. Only when governments, industries,
and individuals work together can long-term environmental sustainability be
________ (4).
Options (Drag from here)
A. promoted
B. encouraged
C. achieved
D. aware
E. ignored
F. restricted
G. punished
Correct Answers
1promoted
2encouraged
3aware
4 achieved
Why These Answers Work (Quick Exam Logic)
·
(1)
promoted → Renewable energy needs support and expansion
·
(2)
encouraged → Correct verb + passive structure (should
be encouraged)
·
(3)
aware → Fixed collocation: aware of the
consequences
·
(4)
achieved → Logical conclusion + passive voice
SAMPLE 1
Passage
Urbanization has transformed modern societies
by creating economic opportunities and improving access to services. However,
rapid urban growth has also led to overcrowding, pollution, and increased
pressure on infrastructure. If city planning is not ________ (1) properly,
these challenges may worsen over time.
To address these issues, governments should
invest in sustainable housing, efficient public transport, and green spaces.
Citizens must also be ________ (2) to adopt environmentally friendly
lifestyles. Only through coordinated efforts can urban development be ________
(3) without compromising quality of life.
Options
A. managed
B. encouraged
C. ignored
D. achieved
E. damaged
Answers
1managed
2 encouraged
3achieved
SAMPLE 2
Passage
Technology has
significantly changed the way people communicate and work. Remote working, once
considered impractical, has now become widely accepted. Employees can perform
tasks efficiently provided that clear guidelines are ________ (1) and
communication tools are used effectively.
Nevertheless,
remote work may reduce teamwork if employees are not ________ (2) with one
another regularly. Therefore, organizations should design policies that balance
flexibility with collaboration to ensure productivity is ________ (3).
Options
A. maintained
B. connected
C. established
D. avoided
E. ignored
Answers
1established
2connected
3maintained
SAMPLE 3
Passage
Education is
widely regarded as a key factor in national development. Countries that invest
heavily in education often experience higher economic growth and social
stability. If equal opportunities are not ________ (1), large segments of the
population may remain undereducated.
Moreover,
teachers must be adequately trained and ________ (2) to deliver quality
instruction. When education systems are well-managed, long-term progress can be
________ (3).
Options
A. motivated
B. provided
C. achieved
D. denied
E. neglected
Answers
1 provided
2 motivated
3achieved
SAMPLE 4
Passage
Modern consumers
are becoming increasingly aware of the environmental impact of their purchasing
decisions. As a result, companies are under pressure to ensure that products
are ethically sourced and responsibly manufactured. If misleading information
is ________ (1), consumer trust may be damaged.
To avoid this,
businesses should be transparent and ensure that sustainability claims are
clearly ________ (2). In the long run, honest practices help brand loyalty to
be ________ (3).
Options
A. disclosed
B. built
C. hidden
D. communicated
E. destroyed
Answers
1 hidden
2communicated
3built
SAMPLE 5
Passage
Healthcare
systems around the world face increasing demand due to aging populations. If
medical resources are not ________ (1) efficiently, hospitals may struggle to
provide adequate care. Preventive healthcare is therefore being ________ (2) as
a cost-effective solution.
By focusing on
early diagnosis and healthy lifestyles, long-term healthcare costs can be
significantly ________ (3).
Options
A. promoted
B. allocated
C. increased
D. reduced
E. wasted
Answers
1️⃣ allocated
2️⃣ promoted
3️⃣ reduced
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