Use of have, had, and has

 

1. USE OF HAVE / HAS (Present Tense)

✅ A. To show possession (स्वामित्व / हुनु)

👉 Meaning: something belongs to someone

🔹 Structure:

• I/You/We/They + have
• He/She/It + has

📌 Examples:

1. I have a car.
   👉 मसँग एउटा कार छ।
2. She has a book.
   👉 उससँग एउटा किताब छ।
3. They have a big house.
   👉 उनीहरूसँग ठूलो घर छ।
4. Ram has a bike.
   👉 रामसँग बाइक छ।

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✅ B. To show relationships / qualities (सम्बन्ध / गुण)

1. She has two brothers.
   👉 उससँग दुई जना दाजुभाइ छन्।
2. He has a kind heart.
   👉 उसँग दयालु मन छ।

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✅ C. As a Helping Verb (Perfect Tense)

👉 Used to form Present Perfect Tense

🔹 Structure:

• Subject + have/has + V3

📌 Examples:

1. I have finished my work.
   👉 मैले मेरो काम सकाएको छु।
2. She has gone home.
   👉 ऊ घर गएकी छ।
3. They have completed the project.
   👉 उनीहरूले परियोजना पूरा गरिसकेका छन्।

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✅ D. In “Have to” (Obligation)

1. I have to study.
   👉 मैले पढ्नुपर्छ।
2. He has to work.
   👉 उसले काम गर्नुपर्छ।

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✅ E. In Questions & Negatives

🔹 Negative:

• do not have / does not have

1. I don’t have money.
   👉 मसँग पैसा छैन।
2. She doesn’t have time.
   👉 उससँग समय छैन।

🔹 Question:

• Do/Does + subject + have?

1. Do you have a pen?
   👉 के तिमीसँग कलम छ?
2. Does he have a car?
   👉 के उससँग कार छ?

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🔷 2. USE OF HAD (Past Tense)

✅ A. Past possession (भूतकालमा स्वामित्व)

📌 Examples:

1. I had a car.
   👉 मसँग कार थियो।
2. She had a dog.
   👉 उसँग कुकुर थियो।

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✅ B. Past Perfect Tense

👉 Structure:

• Subject + had + V3

📌 Examples:

1. I had finished my work.
   👉 मैले मेरो काम सकाइसकेको थिएँ।
2. She had left before I arrived.
   👉 म पुग्नु अघि ऊ गइसकेकी थिई।

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✅ C. In “Had to” (Past obligation)

1. I had to go there.
   👉 मैले त्यहाँ जानुपरेको थियो।
2. They had to work hard.
   👉 उनीहरूले कडा मेहनत गर्नुपरेको थियो।

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✅ D. In Conditional Sentences

👉 “If I had…” (यदि मसँग … भएको भए)

1. If I had money, I would travel.
   👉 यदि मसँग पैसा भएको भए, म घुम्न जान्थें।

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🔷 3. SPECIAL USES OF HAVE / HAS / HAD

✅ A. For eating, drinking, taking

👉 “have” = खानु / पिउनु / लिनु

1. I have breakfast at 8.
   👉 म ८ बजे नास्ता गर्छु।
2. She had tea.
   👉 उसले चिया खाइ।

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✅ B. For experiences / activities

1. We had a great time.
   👉 हामीले राम्रो समय बितायौं।
2. I had a dream.
   👉 मैले सपना देखेँ।

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✅ C. Have + Object + V3 (Causative Use)

👉 कसैबाट काम गराउनु

1. I had my hair cut.
   👉 मैले कपाल कटाएँ।
2. She has her house cleaned.
   👉 उसले आफ्नो घर सफा गराउँछे।

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🔥 IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE

Form	Use	Nepali Meaning
have	plural / I, you	छ / छन्
has	singular (he/she/it)	छ
had	past (all subjects)	थियो / थिए

QUICK SUMMARY

• have / has → present (अहिले)
• had → past (भूतकाल)

BONUS: SIMPLE COMPARISON

1. I have a car.
   👉 मसँग कार छ।
2. I had a car.
   👉 मसँग कार थियो।
3. I have finished my work.
   👉 मैले काम सकाएको छु।
4. I had finished my work.
   👉 मैले काम सकाइसकेको थिएँ।

A. Examples of HAVE (10)

1. I have a pen.
   👉 मसँग एउटा कलम छ।
2. We have a big house.
   👉 हामीसँग ठूलो घर छ।
3. They have two cars.
   👉 उनीहरूसँग दुईवटा कार छन्।
4. You have a good idea.
   👉 तिमीसँग राम्रो विचार छ।
5. I have completed my homework.
   👉 मैले मेरो गृहकार्य सकाएको छु।
6. We have finished the project.
   👉 हामीले परियोजना पूरा गरेका छौँ।
7. They have visited Pokhara.
   👉 उनीहरूले पोखरा भ्रमण गरेका छन्।
8. I have to wake up early.
   👉 मैले चाँडै उठ्नुपर्छ।
9. We have lunch at noon.
   👉 हामी दिउँसो खाना खान्छौँ।
10. They have a meeting today.
    👉 उनीहरूको आज बैठक छ।

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🔹 B. Examples of HAS (10)

11. He has a bike.
    👉 उससँग बाइक छ।
12. She has a beautiful dress.
    👉 उससँग सुन्दर लुगा छ।
13. Ram has a new phone.
    👉 रामसँग नयाँ फोन छ।
14. Sita has long hair.
    👉 सीतासँग लामो कपाल छ।
15. He has finished his work.
    👉 उसले आफ्नो काम सकाएको छ।
16. She has gone to school.
    👉 ऊ विद्यालय गएकी छ।
17. The dog has a long tail.
    👉 कुकुरसँग लामो पुच्छर छ।
18. He has to study hard.
    👉 उसले कडा पढ्नुपर्छ।
19. She has breakfast at 7.
    👉 उसले ७ बजे नास्ता गर्छे।
20. Ram has a meeting today.
    👉 रामको आज बैठक छ।

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🔹 C. Examples of HAD (10)

21. I had a car.
    👉 मसँग कार थियो।
22. We had a great time.
    👉 हामीले राम्रो समय बितायौँ।
23. They had a big house.
    👉 उनीहरूसँग ठूलो घर थियो।
24. I had finished my work.
    👉 मैले मेरो काम सकाइसकेको थिएँ।
25. She had gone before I arrived.
    👉 म पुग्नु अघि ऊ गइसकेकी थिई।
26. He had to leave early.
    👉 उसले चाँडै जानुपरेको थियो।
27. We had to cancel the plan.
    👉 हामीले योजना रद्द गर्नुपरेको थियो।
28. They had dinner at 8.
    👉 उनीहरूले ८ बजे खाना खाए।
29. I had a headache yesterday.
    👉 मलाई हिजो टाउको दुखेको थियो।
30. She had a dream last night.
    👉 उसले हिजो राति सपना देखी।

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🎯 Quick Reminder

• have → I/You/We/They (present) → छ / छन्
• has → He/She/It (present) → छ
• had → past (all subjects) → थियो / थिए