PTE Useful Vocabulary for Summarise Written Text, Essay Writing & Summarise Spoken Text

PTE Useful Vocabulary for Summarize Written Text, Essay Writing & Summarize Spoken Text

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How to Use This Guide (यो मार्गदर्शन कसरी प्रयोग गर्ने)

This vocabulary is organized by function — the job the word does in your writing. In PTE, you need vocabulary for:

• Summarize Written Text (SWT): reporting, condensing, linking ideas
• Essay Writing: arguing, giving opinions, showing cause/effect, concluding
• Summarize Spoken Text (SST): reporting what a speaker said, describing main points

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1. Reporting & Referencing (रिपोर्टिङ र सन्दर्भ) — For SWT & SST

1	State	declare, assert, mention	बताउनु, भन्नु	The author states that technology has transformed education.
2	Assert	claim, maintain, contend	दाबी गर्नु	The speaker asserts that climate change is irreversible.
3	Highlight	emphasize, underline, stress	जोड दिनु	The passage highlights the importance of early education.
4	Illustrate	demonstrate, show, exemplify	देखाउनु, उदाहरण दिनु	The lecture illustrates how bacteria become resistant.
5	Reveal	disclose, uncover, show	खुलासा गर्नु	The study reveals a strong link between diet and health.
6	Indicate	suggest, point to, signify	संकेत गर्नु	The findings indicate a decline in literacy rates.
7	Emphasize	stress, highlight, underscore	जोड दिनु	The professor emphasizes the need for critical thinking.
8	Mention	note, refer to, cite	उल्लेख गर्नु	The article mentions several causes of unemployment.
9	Describe	portray, depict, outline	वर्णन गर्नु	The speaker describes the effects of global warming.
10	Address	deal with, tackle, discuss	सम्बोधन गर्नु	The lecture addresses the issue of food security.

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2. Summarizing & Condensing (संक्षेपण) — For SWT & SST

11	In brief	in short, briefly	संक्षेपमा	In brief, the article discusses the impact of social media.
12	Overall	generally, on the whole	समग्रमा	Overall, the lecture focuses on renewable energy.
13	Essentially	basically, fundamentally	मूलतः	Essentially, the author argues that education reduces poverty.
14	Primarily	mainly, chiefly	मुख्यतः	The passage is primarily concerned with air pollution.
15	Notably	particularly, especially	विशेष गरी	Notably, the speaker mentions three key solutions.
16	Specifically	particularly, precisely	विशेष रूपमा	Specifically, the study examined children aged 5 to 10.
17	In essence	fundamentally, at heart	सारमा	In essence, the text warns about overpopulation.
18	To sum up	in summary, to conclude	संक्षेपमा भन्नु	To sum up, the author supports stricter laws.
19	Broadly	generally, widely	व्यापक रूपमा	Broadly, the lecture covers three main themes.
20	Mainly	mostly, largely	मुख्यतया	The article mainly discusses the causes of obesity.

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3. Linking & Connecting Ideas (विचार जोड्ने) — For All Tasks

21	Furthermore	moreover, additionally	यसका साथै	Furthermore, exercise improves mental health.
22	Moreover	in addition, besides	यसबाहेक	Moreover, the government must invest in infrastructure.
23	However	nevertheless, nonetheless	तथापि	However, some people disagree with this view.
24	Therefore	consequently, thus	त्यसैले	Therefore, strict measures are necessary.
25	Nevertheless	even so, still	तैपनि	Nevertheless, the problem remains unsolved.
26	Consequently	as a result, hence	परिणामस्वरूप	Consequently, many species are now endangered.
27	In addition	furthermore, also	थप रूपमा	In addition, education improves economic growth.
28	On the contrary	conversely, oppositely	यसको विपरीत	On the contrary, some studies show no effect.
29	Similarly	likewise, in the same way	त्यसैगरी	Similarly, both countries face the same challenge.
30	Meanwhile	in the meantime, simultaneously	यसै बीचमा	Meanwhile, scientists continue their research.

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4. Cause & Effect (कारण र प्रभाव) — For Essay & SWT

31	Because of	due to, owing to	को कारणले	Because of climate change, sea levels are rising.
32	Lead to	result in, cause	निम्त्याउनु	Poor planning leads to failure.
33	Result in	bring about, cause	परिणाम दिनु	Deforestation results in soil erosion.
34	Give rise to	cause, trigger	उत्पन्न गराउनु	The policy gave rise to public protests.
35	Contribute to	add to, play a part	योगदान गर्नु	Smoking contributes to many diseases.
36	Stem from	arise from, originate	उत्पन्न हुनु	Most problems stem from ignorance.
37	Attribute to	credit to, assign	श्रेय दिनु	He attributes his success to hard work.
38	Consequence	result, outcome, effect	परिणाम	One consequence of pollution is global warming.
39	Repercussion	aftermath, consequence	प्रभाव, परिणाम	The decision had serious repercussions.
40	Implication	consequence, significance	प्रभाव, महत्व	The implications of this discovery are huge.

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5. Opinion & Argument (विचार र तर्क) — For Essay Writing

41	In my view	personally, from my perspective	मेरो दृष्टिकोणमा	In my view, education should be free for all.
42	I believe	I think, I feel	मलाई लाग्छ	I believe that governments must act now.
43	It is evident	it is clear, obviously	यो स्पष्ट छ	It is evident that technology has changed our lives.
44	Undoubtedly	certainly, without doubt	निस्सन्देह	Undoubtedly, pollution is a global crisis.
45	Arguably	possibly, arguably	तर्क गर्न सकिन्छ	Arguably, this is the most important issue today.
46	Advocate	support, endorse, promote	समर्थन गर्नु	Many experts advocate stricter environmental laws.
47	Oppose	object to, resist	विरोध गर्नु	Some people oppose the new tax policy.
48	Justify	defend, validate	न्यायोचित ठहराउनु	It is hard to justify such high spending.
49	Convincing	persuasive, compelling	विश्वासिलो	The author presents a convincing argument.
50	Valid	sound, reasonable, legitimate	मान्य, वैध	This is a valid point that deserves attention.

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6. Contrast & Concession (विपरीत र छुट) — For Essay Writing

51	Although	though, even though	यद्यपि	Although it is expensive, it is effective.
52	Despite	in spite of, notwithstanding	बावजुद	Despite the risks, many people invest.
53	While	whereas, although	जबकि	While some agree, others strongly disagree.
54	Whereas	while, in contrast	जबकि	Whereas urban areas are crowded, rural areas are empty.
55	Conversely	on the contrary, oppositely	यसको विपरीत	Conversely, some argue the opposite.
56	Nonetheless	nevertheless, still	तैपनि	Nonetheless, the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
57	Admittedly	granted, certainly	स्वीकार्नु पर्दा	Admittedly, there are some disadvantages.
58	Granted	admittedly, true	मानौं	Granted, this is a difficult task.
59	Even so	nevertheless, still	तैपनि	Even so, the plan should go ahead.
60	In spite of	despite, regardless of	बावजुद	In spite of the difficulties, they succeeded.

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7. Importance & Significance (महत्व) — For All Tasks

61	Crucial	vital, essential, critical	अत्यावश्यक	Education is crucial for national development.
62	Significant	important, notable, considerable	महत्वपूर्ण	There has been a significant improvement.
63	Vital	essential, indispensable	अनिवार्य	Clean water is vital for good health.
64	Essential	necessary, fundamental	आवश्यक	Sleep is essential for brain function.
65	Paramount	supreme, foremost	सर्वोपरि	Safety is of paramount importance.
66	Fundamental	basic, foundational	मौलिक	Freedom is a fundamental human right.
67	Imperative	essential, urgent	अनिवार्य	It is imperative to reduce emissions.
68	Notable	remarkable, noteworthy	उल्लेखनीय	There is a notable difference between the two.
69	Substantial	considerable, significant	पर्याप्त	A substantial amount of money was spent.
70	Prominent	leading, important	प्रमुख	She is a prominent scientist.

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8. Problems & Solutions (समस्या र समाधान) — For Essay & SST

71	Issue	problem, matter, concern	मुद्दा, समस्या	Climate change is a global issue.
72	Challenge	difficulty, obstacle	चुनौती	Unemployment is a major challenge.
73	Dilemma	predicament, difficulty	दोधार	Many face a dilemma between work and family.
74	Tackle	address, deal with	समाधान गर्नु	We must tackle the problem of pollution.
75	Resolve	solve, settle	समाधान गर्नु	The government resolved the crisis quickly.
76	Alleviate	ease, relieve, reduce	कम गर्नु	This medicine alleviates pain.
77	Mitigate	reduce, lessen	कम गर्नु	Trees help mitigate air pollution.
78	Eradicate	eliminate, wipe out	उन्मूलन गर्नु	The goal is to eradicate poverty by 2030.
79	Combat	fight, battle	लड्नु	We must combat corruption.
80	Curb	control, restrain	नियन्त्रण गर्नु	New laws aim to curb pollution.

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9. Describing Trends & Data (प्रवृत्ति र तथ्याङ्क) — For SWT & Essay

81	Increase	rise, grow, climb	बढ्नु	The population increased rapidly.
82	Decrease	decline, drop, fall	घट्नु	Sales decreased by 10%.
83	Surge	soar, rocket	तीव्र वृद्धि	There was a surge in demand.
84	Plummet	plunge, nosedive	तीव्र गिरावट	Prices plummeted after the crisis.
85	Fluctuate	vary, waver	उतार-चढ़ाव हुनु	Temperatures fluctuate throughout the year.
86	Stabilize	level off, steady	स्थिर हुनु	The economy finally stabilized.
87	Peak	reach a high, top	उच्चतम बिन्दु	Sales peaked in December.
88	Decline	decrease, diminish	गिरावट	There was a sharp decline in birth rates.
89	Gradual	slow, steady	क्रमिक	There was a gradual improvement.
90	Dramatic	sharp, striking	नाटकीय	There was a dramatic change in policy.

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10. Conclusion & Summary (निष्कर्ष र सारांश) — For Essay & SWT

91	In conclusion	to conclude, finally	निष्कर्षमा	In conclusion, education is the key to success.
92	To conclude	in summary, lastly	अन्त्यमा	To conclude, both views have merit.
93	Ultimately	finally, in the end	अन्ततः	Ultimately, it is our responsibility.
94	In summary	to sum up, briefly	संक्षेपमा	In summary, the lecture covered three points.
95	To summarize	in brief, in short	संक्षेप गर्नु	To summarize, the author supports reform.
96	Overall	generally, on the whole	समग्रमा	Overall, the situation is improving.
97	Thus	therefore, hence	त्यसैले	Thus, we can conclude that change is needed.
98	Hence	therefore, consequently	त्यसैले	Hence, the policy should be revised.
99	Accordingly	consequently, correspondingly	तदनुसार	Accordingly, new measures were introduced.
100	All in all	overall, on balance	कुल मिलाएर	All in all, the project was a success.

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11. Academic Verbs for SWT & SST (शैक्षिक क्रियापद) — Powerful Reporting Verbs

101	Demonstrate	show, prove, illustrate	प्रदर्शन गर्नु	The research demonstrates a clear pattern.
102	Examine	study, investigate, analyze	जाँच गर्नु	The lecture examines the causes of inflation.
103	Explore	investigate, look into	अन्वेषण गर्नु	The article explores the effects of social media.
104	Outline	summarize, sketch	रूपरेखा दिनु	The speaker outlines three main solutions.
105	Propose	suggest, recommend	प्रस्ताव गर्नु	The author proposes a new approach.
106	Argue	contend, claim	तर्क गर्नु	The writer argues that change is necessary.
107	Suggest	imply, indicate	सुझाव दिनु	The findings suggest a strong correlation.
108	Conclude	determine, deduce	निष्कर्ष निकाल्नु	The study concludes that exercise improves memory.
109	Analyze	examine, evaluate	विश्लेषण गर्नु	The lecture analyzes the causes of war.
110	Compare	contrast, liken	तुलना गर्नु	The text compares urban and rural life.

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12. Adjectives for Strong Arguments (बलियो तर्कका लागि विशेषण)

111	Compelling	convincing, persuasive	बाध्यकारी	The author presents a compelling argument.
112	Controversial	debatable, disputed	विवादास्पद	This is a highly controversial topic.
113	Widespread	common, prevalent	व्यापक	There is widespread support for the policy.
114	Inevitable	unavoidable, certain	अपरिहार्य	Change is inevitable in modern society.
115	Beneficial	advantageous, helpful	लाभदायक	Exercise is beneficial for health.
116	Detrimental	harmful, damaging	हानिकारक	Pollution is detrimental to health.
117	Feasible	possible, achievable	सम्भव	The plan is not financially feasible.
118	Sustainable	eco-friendly, renewable	दिगो	We need sustainable solutions.
119	Prevalent	common, widespread	प्रचलित	Obesity is prevalent in developed countries.
120	Alarming	worrying, disturbing	चिन्ताजनक	There is an alarming rise in pollution.

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13. Formal Transitions for Essay (निबन्धका लागि औपचारिक संक्रमण)

121	First and foremost	firstly, primarily	सर्वप्रथम	First and foremost, education must be accessible.
122	Secondly	second, next	दोस्रोमा	Secondly, the government must act.
123	Lastly	finally, ultimately	अन्तमा	Lastly, individuals must take responsibility.
124	In this regard	in this respect, concerning this	यस सन्दर्भमा	In this regard, the law is insufficient.
125	With regard to	regarding, concerning	को सन्दर्भमा	With regard to health, prevention is key.
126	As far as	regarding, concerning	जहाँसम्म	As far as education is concerned, funding is low.
127	In terms of	regarding, with respect to	को दृष्टिले	In terms of cost, this option is better.
128	Regarding	concerning, about	सम्बन्धमा	Regarding the environment, urgent action is needed.
129	Concerning	regarding, about	सम्बन्धमा	Concerning the economy, growth is slow.
130	Pertaining to	relating to, concerning	सम्बन्धित	Rules pertaining to safety must be followed.

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14. Vocabulary for Summarise Spoken Text (SST) — Reporting Speech

131	The speaker says	the lecturer states, the professor mentions	वक्ताले भन्छन्	The speaker says that technology is changing education.
132	According to	as per, based on	अनुसार	According to the lecture, exercise improves memory.
133	The lecture discusses	the talk covers, the speech addresses	व्याख्यानमा चर्चा गर्छ	The lecture discusses the effects of climate change.
134	The professor explains	the teacher describes, the expert clarifies	प्राध्यापकले व्याख्या गर्नुहुन्छ	The professor explains how bacteria evolve.
135	The talk focuses on	the speech centers on, the lecture deals with	कुराकानी केन्द्रित छ	The talk focuses on renewable energy.
136	The speaker points out	the lecturer notes, the expert mentions	वक्ताले औंल्याउनुहुन्छ	The speaker points out that poverty is declining.
137	The lecture emphasizes	the talk stresses, the speech highlights	व्याख्यानले जोड दिन्छ	The lecture emphasizes the role of education.
138	The speaker argues	the lecturer contends, the professor claims	वक्ताले तर्क गर्नुहुन्छ	The speaker argues that change is necessary.
139	The lecture concludes	the talk ends, the speech finishes	व्याख्यानले निष्कर्ष निकाल्छ	The lecture concludes that action is urgent.
140	The speaker suggests	the lecturer proposes, the expert recommends	वक्ताले सुझाव दिनुहुन्छ	The speaker suggests three possible solutions.

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15. Vocabulary for Paraphrasing (पुनर्लेखन) — Essential for SWT

141	In other words	that is to say, namely	अर्को शब्दमा	In other words, the plan failed.
142	That is	i.e., meaning	अर्थात्	That is, the results were inconclusive.
143	To put it differently	to rephrase, otherwise	फरक तरिकाले भन्नु	To put it differently, the policy backfired.
144	Simply put	in simple terms, plainly	सरल शब्दमा	Simply put, the evidence is weak.
145	Namely	specifically, that is	अर्थात्	Two factors, namely cost and time, were ignored.
146	Such as	for example, like	जस्तै	Fruits such as apples are healthy.
147	For instance	for example, e.g.	उदाहरणको लागि	For instance, Japan has an aging population.
148	To illustrate	for example, to demonstrate	उदाहरण दिनु	To illustrate, consider the case of Nepal.
149	In particular	especially, specifically	विशेष गरी	In particular, young people are affected.
150	Particularly	especially, notably	विशेष रूपमा	This is particularly true in rural areas.

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16. Advanced Vocabulary for High Scores (उच्च अंकका लागि उन्नत शब्दावली)

151	Proliferation	rapid increase, spread	तीव्र वृद्धि	The proliferation of fake news is alarming.
152	Disparity	inequality, gap	विषमता	There is a wide disparity between rich and poor.
153	Paradigm	model, framework	प्रतिमान	This discovery represents a paradigm shift.
154	Catalyst	trigger, stimulus	उत्प्रेरक	Education is a catalyst for change.
155	Detriment	harm, damage	हानि	Smoking is to the detriment of health.
156	Prevalence	commonness, frequency	प्रचलन	The prevalence of diabetes is rising.
157	Mitigation	reduction, alleviation	न्यूनीकरण	Mitigation of climate change is urgent.
158	Sustainability	viability, durability	दिगोपन	Sustainability must guide our decisions.
159	Correlation	connection, relationship	सम्बन्ध	There is a correlation between diet and disease.
160	Discrepancy	difference, inconsistency	भिन्नता	There is a discrepancy in the data.
161	Inevitability	certainty, unavoidability	अनिवार्यता	The inevitability of change is clear.
162	Ramification	consequence, outcome	परिणाम	The ramifications of the decision are huge.
163	Predicament	difficulty, dilemma	कठिनाई	Many families face a financial predicament.
164	Initiative	plan, program	पहल	The government launched a new initiative.
165	Incentive	motivation, encouragement	प्रोत्साहन	Tax breaks provide an incentive to invest.
166	Infrastructure	framework, system	पूर्वाधार	The country needs better infrastructure.
167	Legislation	laws, regulations	कानून	New legislation protects workers.
168	Expenditure	spending, outlay	खर्च	Government expenditure on health increased.
169	Revenue	income, earnings	आम्दानी	Tax revenue funds public services.
170	Allocation	distribution, assignment	विनियोजन	The allocation of resources is unfair.

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17. Hedging Language (सावधानीपूर्ण भाषा) — For Academic Tone

171	May	might, could	सक्छ	This may lead to serious problems.
172	Might	may, could	सक्छ	The policy might fail without support.
173	Could	may, might	सक्छ	This could be the solution we need.
174	Appear	seem, look	देखिनु	The results appear to support the theory.
175	Seem	appear, look	लाग्नु	The situation seems to be improving.
176	Suggest	imply, indicate	संकेत गर्नु	The data suggests a positive trend.
177	Tend to	usually, generally	प्रायः	People tend to ignore warnings.
178	Likely	probable, expected	सम्भव	It is likely that prices will rise.
179	Possible	feasible, conceivable	सम्भव	It is possible to solve this problem.
180	Presumably	probably, supposedly	अनुमानतः	Presumably, the plan will succeed.

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18. Vocabulary for Agreeing & Disagreeing (सहमति र असहमति)

181	I concur	I agree, I accept	म सहमत छु	I concur with the author's view.
182	I disagree	I object, I oppose	म असहमत छु	I disagree with this statement.
183	I partly agree	I somewhat agree, I partially accept	म आंशिक सहमत छु	I partly agree with the proposal.
184	It is true that	admittedly, certainly	यो सत्य हो	It is true that technology has drawbacks.
185	There is no doubt	undoubtedly, certainly	कुनै शंका छैन	There is no doubt that education is vital.
186	I am convinced	I am certain, I believe	म विश्वस्त छु	I am convinced that change is needed.
187	I support	I endorse, I advocate	म समर्थन गर्छु	I support stricter environmental laws.
188	I oppose	I object to, I resist	म विरोध गर्छु	I oppose the use of animals in testing.
189	I am skeptical	I doubt, I question	म शंकालु छु	I am skeptical about this claim.
190	I acknowledge	I admit, I recognize	म स्वीकार गर्छु	I acknowledge that there are risks.

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19. Time & Sequence for Essays (निबन्धका लागि समय र क्रम)

191	Initially	at first, originally	सुरुमा	Initially, the plan seemed perfect.
192	Subsequently	later, afterward	पछि	Subsequently, new evidence emerged.
193	Eventually	finally, in the end	अन्ततः	Eventually, the problem was solved.
194	Prior to	before, preceding	पहिले	Prior to the war, the economy was strong.
195	Following	after, subsequent to	पछि	Following the announcement, protests began.
196	Simultaneously	at the same time, concurrently	एकै समयमा	Both events occurred simultaneously.
197	Gradually	slowly, progressively	क्रमिक रूपमा	The situation gradually improved.
198	Rapidly	quickly, swiftly	द्रुत रूपमा	Technology is changing rapidly.
199	Currently	presently, now	हाल	Currently, there is no cure.
200	Ultimately	finally, in the end	अन्ततः	Ultimately, it is our choice.

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Model Sentences for PTE Tasks (PTE कार्यका लागि नमुना वाक्यहरू)

Summarise Written Text (SWT) — 75 words, one sentence

Template:

The passage [reporting verb] that [main idea], [linking word] [supporting detail], and [concluding point].

Example:

The article highlights that climate change poses a significant threat to global ecosystems, furthermore, it emphasizes that human activities such as deforestation and industrial emissions are primary contributors, and ultimately, it concludes that immediate international cooperation is crucial to mitigate its devastating consequences.

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Essay Writing — Introduction Template

Template:

[Topic] has become a [adjective] issue in recent years. While some argue that [view A], others believe that [view B]. This essay will examine both perspectives before concluding that [your opinion].

Example:

Climate change has become a highly controversial issue in recent years. While some argue that economic growth should take priority, others believe that environmental protection is paramount. This essay will examine both perspectives before concluding that sustainable development is the only viable path forward.

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Summarise Spoken Text (SST) — Template

Template:

The lecture [reporting verb] that [main point]. The speaker [verb] that [supporting point], and [verb] that [conclusion].

Example:

The lecture discusses the impact of social media on teenagers. The speaker emphasizes that excessive use leads to anxiety and poor academic performance, and suggests that parental guidance and digital literacy programs are essential solutions.

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Quick Reference: Band 79+ Vocabulary Checklist (ब्यान्ड ७९+ शब्दावली जाँचसूची)

Linking	Furthermore, Moreover, Consequently	यसका साथै, यसबाहेक, परिणामस्वरूप
Contrast	However, Nevertheless, Conversely	तथापि, तैपनि, यसको विपरीत
Cause/Effect	Lead to, Result in, Contribute to	निम्त्याउनु, परिणाम दिनु, योगदान गर्नु
Opinion	In my view, I believe, It is evident	मेरो दृष्टिकोणमा, मलाई लाग्छ, यो स्पष्ट छ
Reporting	State, Assert, Highlight, Reveal	बताउनु, दाबी गर्नु, जोड दिनु, खुलासा गर्नु
Conclusion	In conclusion, Ultimately, To sum up	निष्कर्षमा, अन्ततः, संक्षेपमा
Importance	Crucial, Vital, Essential, Paramount	अत्यावश्यक, अनिवार्य, आवश्यक, सर्वोपरि
Problems	Tackle, Alleviate, Mitigate, Eradicate	समाधान गर्नु, कम गर्नु, न्यूनीकरण गर्नु, उन्मूलन गर्नु

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Final Tips for PTE Writing (PTE लेखनका लागि अन्तिम सुझावहरू)

1.      Use formal vocabulary — avoid informal words like "kids," "a lot," "stuff." (औपचारिक शब्दावली प्रयोग गर्नुहोस् — "kids," "a lot," "stuff" जस्ता अनौपचारिक शब्दहरू प्रयोग नगर्नुहोस्।)

2.      Vary your linking words — don't repeat "and" or "but." (जोड्ने शब्दहरू विविधता दिनुहोस् — "and" वा "but" दोहोर्याउनु हुँदैन।)

3.      Use reporting verbs in SWT/SST — shows you understood the source. (SWT/SST मा रिपोर्टिङ क्रियापद प्रयोग गर्नुहोस् — स्रोत बुझेको देखाउँछ।)

4.      Paraphrase, don't copy — use synonyms to show range. (पुनर्लेखन गर्नुहोस्, नक्कल नगर्नुहोस् — शब्दावलीको दायरा देखाउन समानार्थी प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।)

5.      Keep one idea per sentence — clarity matters more than complexity. (प्रति वाक्य एउटा विचार राख्नुहोस् — जटिलताभन्दा स्पष्टता महत्वपूर्ण छ।)

6.      Check collocations — "make a decision," not "do a decision." (कोलोकेसन जाँच्नुहोस् — "make a decision," "do a decision" होइन।)

7.      Practice timed writing — SWT: 10 min, Essay: 20 min. (समयबद्ध लेखन अभ्यास गर्नुहोस् — SWT: १० मिनेट, निबन्ध: २० मिनेट।)

8.      Review and edit — spend 2 minutes checking grammar and spelling. (समीक्षा र सम्पादन गर्नुहोस् — व्याकरण र हिज्जे जाँच्न २ मिनेट खर्च गर्नुहोस्।)