What is a Verb? (क्रिया के हो?)

What is a Verb? (क्रिया के हो?)

A verb is a word that shows an action, state, or occurrence.

Nepali: क्रिया भन्नाले काम, अवस्था, वा घटना देखाउने शब्दलाई जनाउँछ।

Examples:

English	Nepali
She runs fast.	उनी छिटो दौडन्छिन्।
He is happy.	उनी खुसी छन्।
It rained yesterday.	हिजो पानी पर्यो।

💡 Key Point: Every complete sentence needs at least one verb.
Nepali: हरेक पूर्ण वाक्यमा कम्तीमा एउटा क्रिया हुनुपर्छ।

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🔑 Types of Verbs (क्रियाका प्रकारहरू)

There are 7 main types of verbs:

1.      Action Verbs

2.      Transitive Verbs

3.      Intransitive Verbs

4.      Linking Verbs

5.      Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs

6.      Modal Verbs

7.      Phrasal Verbs

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1Action Verbs (कर्म क्रिया)

Definition: Show physical or mental action.

Nepali: कर्म क्रिया भन्नाले शारीरिक वा मानसिक काम देखाउने क्रियालाई जनाउँछ।

Examples:

English	Nepali
She writes a letter.	उनी चिठी लेख्छिन्।
He thinks deeply.	उनी गहिरो सोच्छन्।
They play football.	उनीहरू फुटबल खेल्छन्।
I eat rice.	म भात खान्छु।

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2Transitive Verbs (सकर्मक क्रिया)

Definition: A verb that needs an object to complete its meaning.

Nepali: सकर्मक क्रिया भन्नाले कर्म (object) चाहिने क्रियालाई जनाउँछ।

Structure: Subject + Verb + Object

Examples:

English	Nepali
She reads a book.	उनी किताब पढ्छिन्।
He bought a car.	उनले कार किने।
I love my mother.	म आमालाई माया गर्छु।
They built a house.	उनीहरूले घर बनाए।

⚠️ Note: Without the object, the sentence is incomplete.
Nepali: कर्म बिना वाक्य अपूर्ण हुन्छ।

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3 Intransitive Verbs (अकर्मक क्रिया)

Definition: A verb that does NOT need an object.

Nepali: अकर्मक क्रिया भन्नाले कर्म नचाहिने क्रियालाई जनाउँछ।

Structure: Subject + Verb

Examples:

English	Nepali
She sleeps.	उनी सुत्छिन्।
He laughed.	उनी हाँसे।
The baby cried.	बच्चा रोयो।
They arrived late.	उनीहरू ढिलो आए।

💡 Tip: Some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive depending on use.
Nepali: केही क्रिया प्रयोग अनुसार सकर्मक र अकर्मक दुवै हुन सक्छन्।

Example:

Transitive	Intransitive
She sings a song.	She sings well.
उनी गीत गाउँछिन्।	उनी राम्रो गाउँछिन्।

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4 Linking Verbs (जोड्ने क्रिया)

Definition: Connect the subject to a word that describes it. They do not show action.

Nepali: जोड्ने क्रिया भन्नाले कर्तालाई वर्णन गर्ने शब्दसँग जोड्ने क्रियालाई जनाउँछ। यसले काम देखाउँदैन।

Common Linking Verbs: is, am, are, was, were, seem, become, feel, look, taste, smell, sound

Examples:

English	Nepali
She is a doctor.	उनी डाक्टर हुन्।
He seems tired.	उनी थकित देखिन्छन्।
The food tastes good.	खाना स्वादिलो छ।
I feel happy.	म खुसी महसुस गर्छु।

💡 Tip: Replace "is/am/are" with "=" to test.
She is a doctor → She = doctor ✅

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5 Auxiliary Verbs (सहायक क्रिया)

Definition: Help the main verb to form tenses, questions, negatives, and passive voice.

Nepali: सहायक क्रिया भन्नाले मुख्य क्रियालाई काल, प्रश्न, नकारात्मक वा passive बनाउन मद्दत गर्ने क्रियालाई जनाउँछ।

Common Auxiliary Verbs: be (is, am, are, was, were), have (has, had), do (does, did)

Examples:

English	Nepali
She is writing.	उनी लेख्दै छिन्।
He has finished.	उनले सकिसकेका छन्।
Do you like tea?	तिमीलाई चिया मन पर्छ?
They did not come.	उनीहरू आएनन्।

⚠️ Note: Auxiliary verbs cannot stand alone; they need a main verb.
Nepali: सहायक क्रिया एक्लै बस्न सक्दैन; मुख्य क्रिया चाहिन्छ।

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6 Modal Verbs (मोडल क्रिया)

Definition: Show possibility, ability, permission, obligation, or advice.

Nepali: मोडल क्रिया भन्नाले सम्भावना, क्षमता, अनुमति, बाध्यता वा सल्लाह देखाउने क्रियालाई जनाउँछ।

Common Modal Verbs: can, could, may, might, must, should, would, will, shall

Examples:

Modal	English	Nepali
Can	She can swim.	उनी पौडी खेल्न सक्छिन्।
Could	He could run fast.	उनी छिटो दौडन सक्थे।
May	You may leave now.	तिमी अहिले जान सक्छौ।
Must	You must study.	तिमीले पढ्नु पर्छ।
Should	You should rest.	तिमीले आराम गर्नुपर्छ।
Would	I would help you.	म तिमीलाई मद्दत गर्थें।
Will	She will come.	उनी आउनेछिन्।

💡 Tip: Modals never change form (no -s, -ed, -ing).
Nepali: मोडल क्रियाको रूप कहिल्यै परिवर्तन हुँदैन।

❌ She cans swim.
✅ She can swim.

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7 Phrasal Verbs (वाक्यांश क्रिया)

Definition: A verb + preposition/adverb that creates a new meaning.

Nepali: वाक्यांश क्रिया भन्नाले क्रिया + पूर्वसर्ग/क्रियाविशेषण मिलेर नयाँ अर्थ बनाउने क्रियालाई जनाउँछ।

Examples:

Phrasal Verb	Meaning	English	Nepali
give up	quit	He gave up smoking.	उनले धूम्रपान छोडे।
look after	take care	She looks after her sister.	उनी बहिनीको हेरचाह गर्छिन्।
put off	postpone	They put off the meeting.	उनीहरूले बैठक स्थगित गरे।
turn on	start	Turn on the light.	बत्ती बाल।
turn off	stop	Turn off the TV.	टिभी बन्द गर।
find out	discover	I found out the truth.	मैले सत्य पत्ता लगाएँ।
get up	rise	I get up at 6 AM.	म बिहान ६ बजे उठ्छु।
run into	meet by chance	I ran into an old friend.	मैले पुरानो साथीलाई भेटें।

⚠️ Note: Phrasal verbs often have a different meaning from the original verb.
Nepali: वाक्यांश क्रियाको अर्थ मूल क्रियाभन्दा फरक हुन्छ।

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Summary Table (सारांश तालिका)

Type	Nepali	Function	Example
Action	कर्म क्रिया	Shows action	She runs.
Transitive	सकर्मक क्रिया	Needs object	She reads a book.
Intransitive	अकर्मक क्रिया	No object	She sleeps.
Linking	जोड्ने क्रिया	Connects subject	She is kind.
Auxiliary	सहायक क्रिया	Helps main verb	She is running.
Modal	मोडल क्रिया	Shows possibility	She can run.
Phrasal	वाक्यांश क्रिया	New meaning	She gave up.

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✍️ Practice Exercise

Identify the type of verb in each sentence:

1.      He wrote a letter.

2.      She is a teacher.

3.      They laughed loudly.

4.      You must obey the rules.

5.      I turned off the fan.

6.      The soup tastes delicious.

7.      She has finished her work.

8.      He bought a new phone.

Answers:

	Verb	Type
1	wrote	Transitive (has object "a letter")
2	is	Linking (connects "She" to "teacher")
3	laughed	Intransitive (no object)
4	must	Modal (obligation)
5	turned off	Phrasal (new meaning: stop)
6	tastes	Linking (describes soup)
7	has	Auxiliary (helps "finished")
8	bought	Transitive (has object "a new phone")

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🧠 Quick Memory Trick

Nepali सिक्ने सजिलो तरिका:

English	Nepali	Trick
Action	काम	What you do
Transitive	कर्म चाहिन्छ	Needs object
Intransitive	कर्म चाहिँदैन	No object
Linking	जोड्छ	Connects (=)
Auxiliary	मद्दत गर्छ	Helps main verb
Modal	सम्भावना	Possibility
Phrasal	नयाँ अर्थ	New meaning