Simple Present Tense / सामान्य वर्तमान काल

Simple Present Tense / सामान्य वर्तमान काल

Simple Present Tense is used to talk about regular actions, habits, routines, general truths, facts, permanent situations, and things that happen repeatedly.
Simple Present Tense को नियमित काम, बानी, दैनिक कार्यतालिका, सामान्य सत्य, तथ्य, स्थायी अवस्था तथा बारम्बार हुने काम व्यक्त गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

Structure / संरचना

Subject + V1 (base verb) / V5 (verb + s/es)

Subject Verb Form Example
I / We / You / They	V1 (base form)	I play.
He / She / It	V5 (verb + s/es)	She plays.

Note: V5 means the verb takes -s or -es with third person singular subjects (he, she, it).

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Uses of Simple Present Tense / प्रयोगहरू

Habits / Routines	Actions done regularly	I wake up at 6 AM.
General Truths / Facts	Things that are always true	The sun rises in the east.
Permanent Situations	States that don't change easily	She lives in Kathmandu.
Timetables / Schedules	Fixed future events	The train leaves at 7 AM.
Instructions / Directions	Giving directions or steps	You mix the flour with water.
Feelings / Thoughts / Senses	Stative verbs	I love my country.

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Time Adverbs / समय सूचक शब्दहरू

always	सधैं	He always comes late.
usually	सामान्यतया	I usually walk to school.
often	प्रायः	She often reads books.
sometimes	कहिलेकाहीं	We sometimes eat out.
rarely / seldom	विरलै	He rarely watches TV.
never	कहिल्यै पनि नहुने	They never lie.
every day	हरेक दिन	I study every day.
every week	हरेक हप्ता	She visits every week.
every month	हरेक महिना	We pay rent every month.
every year	हरेक वर्ष	They travel every year.
once a week	हप्तामा एक पटक	He exercises once a week.
twice a day	दिनमा दुई पटक	I brush my teeth twice a day.
in the morning	बिहान	I jog in the morning.
in the evening	साँझ	She cooks in the evening.
at night	रातमा	He studies at night.
on Sundays	आइतबारहरूमा	We rest on Sundays.
generally	सामान्यतया	Generally, it rains here in July.
normally	सामान्यतः	I normally get up early.

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Sample Sentences / नमुना वाक्यहरू

1. Affirmative / होकारात्मक

I eat rice.	म भात खान्छु।
We go to school.	हामी विद्यालय जान्छौं।
You read books.	तिमी किताब पढ्छौ।
They play football.	उनीहरू फुटबल खेल्छन्।
He writes a letter.	उहाँ चिठी लेख्नुहुन्छ।
She sings a song.	उनी गीत गाउँछिन्।
It rains in July.	जुलाईमा पानी पर्छ।
Sita cooks food.	सीता खाना पकाउँछिन्।
Ram goes to temple every day.	राम हरेक दिन मन्दिर जान्छन्।
The sun rises in the east.	सूर्य पूर्वमा उदाउँछ।

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2. Interrogative / प्रश्नवाचक

Do I eat rice?	के म भात खान्छु?
Do we go to school?	के हामी विद्यालय जान्छौं?
Do you read books?	के तिमी किताब पढ्छौ?
Do they play football?	के उनीहरू फुटबल खेल्छन्?
Does he write a letter?	के उहाँ चिठी लेख्नुहुन्छ?
Does she sing a song?	के उनी गीत गाउँछिन्?
Does it rain in July?	के जुलाईमा पानी पर्छ?
Does Sita cook food?	के सीता खाना पकाउँछिन्?
Does Ram go to temple every day?	के राम हरेक दिन मन्दिर जान्छन्?
Does the sun rise in the east?	के सूर्य पूर्वमा उदाउँछ?

Note: In questions, use Do with I/we/you/they and Does with he/she/it. The main verb stays in V1 form.

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3. Negative / नकारात्मक

English Nepali
I do not eat rice.	म भात खाँदिनँ।
We do not go to school.	हामी विद्यालय जाँदैनौं।
You do not read books.	तिमी किताब पढ्दैनौ।
They do not play football.	उनीहरू फुटबल खेल्दैनन्।
He does not write a letter.	उहाँ चिठी लेख्नुहुन्न।
She does not sing a song.	उनी गीत गाउँदिनन्।
It does not rain in July.	जुलाईमा पानी पर्दैन।
Sita does not cook food.	सीता खाना पकाउँदिनन्।
Ram does not go to temple every day.	राम हरेक दिन मन्दिर जाँदैनन्।
The sun does not rise in the west.	सूर्य पश्चिममा उदाउँदैन।

Note: In negatives, use do not (don't) with I/we/you/they and does not (doesn't) with he/she/it. The main verb stays in V1 form.

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Summary Table / सारांश तालिका

Affirmative	Subject + V1/V5 + Object	She reads a book.	उनी किताब पढ्छिन्।
Interrogative	Do/Does + Subject + V1 + Object?	Does she read a book?	के उनी किताब पढ्छिन्?
Negative	Subject + do/does + not + V1 + Object	She does not read a book.	उनी किताब पढ्दिनन्।

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Key Rules / मुख्य नियमहरू

1.      Third person singular (he, she, it) takes -s/-es in affirmative sentences.

o    He goes, She watches, It rains

2.      Do/Does is used in questions and negatives.

o    Does → he, she, it

o    Do → I, we, you, they

3.      After do/does, the main verb is always in V1 (base form).

o    ✅ Does she go? ❌ Does she goes?

4.      Spelling rules for V5:

o    Most verbs: add -s → play → plays

o    Verbs ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o: add -es → go → goes, watch → watches

o    Verbs ending in consonant + y: change y to i and add -es → study → studies

 

Simple Present Tense — 60 Fill in the Blanks (Two Verb Options)

Instructions: Choose the correct verb from the two options given in brackets and fill in the blank.

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1.      She ______ (go / goes) to school every day.

2.      I ______ (eat / eats) rice in the morning.

3.      They ______ (play / plays) football on Sundays.

4.      He ______ (write / writes) a letter to his friend.

5.      We ______ (study / studies) English every day.

6.      The sun ______ (rise / rises) in the east.

7.      My mother ______ (cook / cooks) food in the kitchen.

8.      Ram and Shyam ______ (go / goes) to the temple.

9.      She ______ (not like / does not like) tea.

10. ______ you ______ (read / reads) books at night?

11. It ______ (rain / rains) in July.

12. He ______ (watch / watches) TV in the evening.

13. They ______ (not play / do not play) cricket.

14. ______ she ______ (sing / sings) a song?

15. Sita ______ (wash / washes) her clothes every Saturday.

16. The baby ______ (cry / cries) at night.

17. We ______ (not go / do not go) to school on Sundays.

18. ______ they ______ (live / lives) in Kathmandu?

19. He ______ (carry / carries) a heavy bag.

20. My father ______ (read / reads) the newspaper every morning.

21. She ______ (do / does) her homework regularly.

22. I ______ (not know / do not know) the answer.

23. ______ he ______ (speak / speaks) English well?

24. The shop ______ (open / opens) at 9 AM.

25. Birds ______ (fly / flies) in the sky.

26. She ______ (study / studies) in class ten.

27. They ______ (not eat / do not eat) meat.

28. ______ you ______ (like / likes) Nepali food?

29. He ______ (brush / brushes) his teeth twice a day.

30. Water ______ (boil / boils) at 100°C.

31. My sister ______ (teach / teaches) in a school.

32. We ______ (not watch / do not watch) TV at night.

33. ______ Ram ______ (help / helps) his mother?

34. The train ______ (leave / leaves) at 7 AM.

35. She ______ (mix / mixes) flour with water.

36. Cows ______ (give / gives) us milk.

37. He ______ (not play / does not play) football.

38. ______ they ______ (work / works) in a bank?

39. Anu ______ (dance / dances) very well.

40. I ______ (go / goes) to bed at 10 PM.

41. The dog ______ (bark / barks) at strangers.

42. She ______ (not speak / does not speak) French.

43. ______ Sita ______ (cook / cooks) food every day?

44. He ______ (fix / fixes) his bicycle.

45. We ______ (celebrate / celebrates) Dashain every year.

46. My brother ______ (fly / flies) kites in winter.

47. They ______ (not live / do not live) in Pokhara.

48. ______ the sun ______ (set / sets) in the west?

49. She ______ (miss / misses) her family very much.

50. He ______ (try / tries) to learn Nepali.

51. The children ______ (play / plays) in the garden.

52. I ______ (not understand / do not understand) this question.

53. ______ she ______ (know / knows) the answer?

54. My uncle ______ (visit / visits) us every month.

55. Plants ______ (need / needs) water to grow.

56. He ______ (not go / does not go) to the market.

57. ______ you ______ (want / wants) some tea?

58. She ______ (finish / finishes) her work at 5 PM.

59. The clock ______ (show / shows) the correct time.

60. They ______ (not sing / do not sing) in the morning.

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Answers with Reasons / उत्तरहरू साथै कारणहरू

No.	Answer	Reason
1	goes	Third person singular "she" → V5 (go + es)
2	eat	First person "I" → V1 (base form)
3	play	Plural subject "they" → V1
4	writes	Third person singular "he" → V5
5	study	Plural subject "we" → V1
6	rises	Third person singular "sun" → V5 (general truth)
7	cooks	Third person singular "mother" → V5
8	go	Compound plural subject (Ram and Shyam) → V1
9	does not like	Third person singular negative → does not + V1
10	Do / read	Question with "you" → Do + V1
11	rains	Third person singular "it" → V5
12	watches	Third person singular "he" → V5 (watch + es)
13	do not play	Plural subject "they" → do not + V1
14	Does / sing	Question with "she" → Does + V1
15	washes	Third person singular "Sita" → V5 (wash + es)
16	cries	Third person singular "baby" → V5 (consonant + y → ies)
17	do not go	Plural subject "we" → do not + V1
18	Do / live	Question with "they" → Do + V1
19	carries	Third person singular "he" → V5 (carry → carries)
20	reads	Third person singular "father" → V5
21	does	Third person singular "she" → V5 (do → does)
22	do not know	First person "I" negative → do not + V1
23	Does / speak	Question with "he" → Does + V1
24	opens	Third person singular "shop" → V5 (timetable)
25	fly	Plural subject "birds" → V1
26	studies	Third person singular "she" → V5 (study → studies)
27	do not eat	Plural subject "they" → do not + V1
28	Do / like	Question with "you" → Do + V1
29	brushes	Third person singular "he" → V5 (brush + es)
30	boils	Third person singular "water" → V5 (general truth)
31	teaches	Third person singular "sister" → V5 (teach + es)
32	do not watch	Plural subject "we" → do not + V1
33	Does / help	Question with "Ram" (he) → Does + V1
34	leaves	Third person singular "train" → V5 (schedule)
35	mixes	Third person singular "she" → V5 (mix + es)
36	give	Plural subject "cows" → V1
37	does not play	Third person singular "he" → does not + V1
38	Do / work	Question with "they" → Do + V1
39	dances	Third person singular "Anu" → V5 (dance + s)
40	go	First person "I" → V1
41	barks	Third person singular "dog" → V5
42	does not speak	Third person singular "she" → does not + V1
43	Does / cook	Question with "Sita" (she) → Does + V1
44	fixes	Third person singular "he" → V5 (fix + es)
45	celebrate	Plural subject "we" → V1
46	flies	Third person singular "brother" → V5 (fly → flies)
47	do not live	Plural subject "they" → do not + V1
48	Does / set	Question with "sun" (it) → Does + V1
49	misses	Third person singular "she" → V5 (miss + es)
50	tries	Third person singular "he" → V5 (try → tries)
51	play	Plural subject "children" → V1
52	do not understand	First person "I" negative → do not + V1
53	Does / know	Question with "she" → Does + V1
54	visits	Third person singular "uncle" → V5
55	need	Plural subject "plants" → V1
56	does not go	Third person singular "he" → does not + V1
57	Do / want	Question with "you" → Do + V1
58	finishes	Third person singular "she" → V5 (finish + es)
59	shows	Third person singular "clock" → V5
60	do not sing	Plural subject "they" → do not + V1

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Key Rules Applied / प्रयोग गरिएका मुख्य नियमहरू

1.      V1 (base form) → used with I, We, You, They, and plural subjects.

2.      V5 (verb + s/es) → used with He, She, It, and singular subjects.

3.      Do/Does + V1 → used in questions.

4.      Do not / Does not + V1 → used in negatives.

5.      Spelling rules for V5:

o    Most verbs: add -s → play → plays

o    Ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o: add -es → watch → watches, go → goes, fix → fixes

o    Ending in consonant + y: change y → i + -es → study → studies, cry → cries, fly → flies